AISI 1040 Steel, as cold drawn

AISI 1040 Steel, as cold drawn, 16-22 mm (0.625-0.875 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1040 Steel, as cold drawn, 16-22 mm (0.625-0.875 in) round Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1040 Steel, as cold drawn, 16-22 mm (0.625-0.875 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Technical Datasheet: AISI 1040 Cold Drawn Steel Round Bar (16-22 mm / 0.625-0.875 in)** --- ## **1. Product Overview** AISI 1040 Cold Drawn Round Bar is a precision-engineered medium-carbon steel product manufactured through a cold drawing process that significantly enhances mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy, and surface finish. This manufacturing method involves pulling hot-rolled bars through a die at room temperature, resulting in strain hardening and superior geometric characteristics. The 16-22 mm (0.625-0.875 in) diameter range is particularly suitable for precision mechanical components requiring tight tolerances, smooth surfaces, and consistent performance in automotive, machinery, and general engineering applications. --- ## **2. Key Characteristics & Advantages** - **Enhanced Mechanical Properties**: Cold working increases yield strength by 35-50% compared to hot-rolled equivalents - **Superior Dimensional Accuracy**: Maintains tight diameter tolerances (±0.05 mm / ±0.002 in typical) - **Excellent Surface Finish**: Produces smooth, bright surface (0.8-1.6 µm Ra / 32-63 µin Ra) suitable for bearing surfaces - **Improved Straightness**: Essential for rotating components and linear motion applications - **Consistent Quality**: Uniform properties throughout length and cross-section - **Reduced Machining Requirements**: Often used as-machined or with minimal finishing - **Good Hardenability**: Responds well to subsequent heat treatment when required --- ## **3. Chemical Composition** | Element | Composition Range (%) | Standard Reference | |---------|----------------------|-------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.37 - 0.44 | ASTM A108 / SAE J403 | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.60 - 0.90 | ASTM A108 / SAE J403 | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.040 | ASTM A108 / SAE J403 | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.050 | ASTM A108 / SAE J403 | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.35 | ASTM A108 / SAE J403 | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | - | *Note: The balanced composition provides optimal combination of strength, ductility, and hardenability.* --- ## **4. Typical Mechanical Properties (Cold Drawn Condition)** ### **As-Cold Drawn Properties** | Property | Value Range | Test Standard | |----------|-------------|---------------| | **Tensile Strength** | 620 - 760 MPa (90 - 110 ksi) | ASTM A370 | | **Yield Strength (0.2% offset)** | 515 - 655 MPa (75 - 95 ksi) | ASTM A370 | | **Elongation in 50 mm (2")** | 12% - 18% | ASTM A370 | | **Reduction of Area** | 40% - 50% | ASTM A370 | | **Brinell Hardness** | 179 - 241 HB | ASTM E10 | | **Surface Roughness (Ra)** | 0.8 - 1.6 µm (32 - 63 µin) | ASME B46.1 | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 200 GPa (29,000 ksi) | ASTM E111 | | **Shear Modulus** | 80 GPa (11,600 ksi) | ASTM E143 | | **Poisson's Ratio** | 0.29 | ASTM E132 | | **Fatigue Strength (10⁷ cycles)** | 280 - 350 MPa | Rotating bending | | **Machinability Rating** | ~55% (relative to 1212 steel) | - | ### **Physical Properties** | Property | Value | |----------|-------| | **Density** | 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 51.9 W/m·K (36.0 BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F) | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 486 J/kg·K (0.116 BTU/lb·°F) | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 11.3 µm/m·°C (6.3 µin/in·°F) 20-100°C | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.160 µΩ·m | --- ## **5. Dimensional Specifications & Tolerances** ### **Standard Tolerances (Per ASTM A108)** | Diameter (mm) | Diameter (in) | Diameter Tolerance (±) | Out-of-Round (max) | |---------------|---------------|------------------------|-------------------| | 16.00 | 0.6250 | 0.05 mm (0.002 in) | 0.03 mm (0.0012 in) | | 18.00 | 0.7090 | 0.05 mm (0.002 in) | 0.03 mm (0.0012 in) | | 20.00 | 0.7875 | 0.05 mm (0.002 in) | 0.04 mm (0.0016 in) | | 22.00 | 0.8750 | 0.05 mm (0.002 in) | 0.04 mm (0.0016 in) | ### **Additional Dimensional Requirements** - **Straightness**: ≤ 0.3 mm per 300 mm (≤ 0.012 in per foot) - **Length Tolerance**: ±1.5 mm per meter (±0.06 in per foot) for cut lengths - **Surface Finish**: 0.8-1.6 µm Ra standard; 0.4-0.8 µm Ra available - **Decarburization**: ≤ 0.10 mm (0.004 in) maximum depth --- ## **6. International Standard Equivalents** | Standard System | Designation | Primary Specification | |----------------|-------------|----------------------| | **UNS** | G10400 | Unified Numbering System | | **SAE/AISI** | 1040 | SAE J403 | | **ASTM** | Grade 1040 | ASTM A108 (Cold-Finished) | | **EN (Europe)** | 1.1186 (C40E) | EN 10083-2 | | **ISO** | C40E | ISO 683-18 | | **JIS (Japan)** | S40C | JIS G4051 | | **GB (China)** | 40# (40钢) | GB/T 699 | | **DIN (Germany)** | 1.1186, Ck40 | DIN 17200 | --- ## **7. Heat Treatment Response** ### **Recommended Heat Treatment Parameters** | Process | Temperature Range | Cooling Method | Typical Results | |---------|------------------|----------------|----------------| | **Annealing** | 790-815°C (1450-1500°F) | Furnace cool | Softened for machining | | **Normalizing** | 870-925°C (1600-1700°F) | Air cool | Grain refinement | | **Quenching** | 830-855°C (1525-1575°F) | Oil quench | Maximum hardness | | **Tempering** | 200-650°C (400-1200°F) | Air cool | Desired properties | ### **Typical Heat-Treated Properties (for 16-22 mm diameter)** | Condition | Tensile Strength | Hardness (HRC) | Impact Toughness | |-----------|------------------|----------------|-----------------| | **As-Cold Drawn** | 620-760 MPa | 18-24 | 20-30 J | | **Quenched & Tempered** | 850-1100 MPa | 25-40 | 15-25 J | | **Surface Hardened** | - | 50-58 (case) | - | ### **Hardenability Characteristics** - **Maximum As-Quenched Hardness**: 58-62 HRC - **Effective Hardening Depth**: Full hardening achievable for 16-22 mm diameter - **Ideal Quenchant**: Oil (H25-H30 severity) - **Jominy Distance to 50 HRC**: Approximately 8-12 mm --- ## **8. Primary Applications** ### **Precision Automotive Components** - Transmission shafts and gears - Steering system components - Brake system parts - Suspension linkage shafts - Engine valve train components - Fuel injection system parts ### **Industrial Machinery** - Pump shafts and impellers - Motor shafts and spindles - Hydraulic cylinder rods - Linear motion shafts and guide rods - Bearing races and sleeves - Fastener stock for high-strength bolts ### **General Engineering** - Precision pins and dowels - Tool holders and fixtures - Valve stems and actuator rods - Conveyor system components - Material handling equipment parts ### **Consumer Products** - Bicycle components - Exercise equipment parts - Power tool shafts - Hardware and fittings ### **Agricultural Equipment** - Implement drive shafts - PTO shaft components - Tractor transmission parts - Cultivator and harrow components --- ## **9. Fabrication & Processing Guidelines** ### **Machining Operations** - **Tool Selection**: Carbide or premium HSS tools recommended - **Cutting Parameters**: - Turning: 35-55 m/min (115-180 ft/min) - Milling: 30-50 m/min (100-165 ft/min) - Drilling: 20-35 m/min (65-115 ft/min) - **Coolant Requirements**: Recommended for optimal tool life - **Chip Control**: Generally produces continuous chips; chip breakers helpful - **Surface Finish**: < 1.6 µm Ra easily achievable with proper technique ### **Welding Procedures** - **Pre-heating**: 150-250°C (300-480°F) recommended - **Electrodes**: Low-hydrogen (E7018, E8018) required - **Interpass Temperature**: 150-200°C (300-400°F) - **Post-Weld Treatment**: 600-650°C (1110-1200°F) stress relief recommended - **Alternative Methods**: Consider brazing or mechanical fastening for critical applications ### **Grinding & Finishing** - **Grinding Wheels**: Aluminum oxide or CBN wheels suitable - **Parameters**: Light cuts with frequent dressing - **Surface Finish**: Capable of < 0.4 µm Ra with proper grinding technique - **Polishing**: Excellent substrate for mirror finishes ### **Forming & Bending** - **Cold Forming**: Moderate capability with proper tooling - **Bend Radius**: Minimum 2.5× diameter for 90° bends - **Hot Forming**: Recommended for complex shapes - **Springback**: Account for in tool design --- ## **10. Quality Assurance & Inspection** ### **Standard Testing Requirements** | Test Type | Frequency | Standard | Acceptance Criteria | |-----------|-----------|----------|-------------------| | Chemical Analysis | Per heat | ASTM E415 | Within specification limits | | Tensile Test | Per lot | ASTM A370 | Meet minimum specified values | | Hardness Test | Per bundle | ASTM E10 | Within specified range | | Surface Finish | Per batch | ASME B46.1 | ≤ 1.6 µm Ra standard | | Dimensional Check | 100% | ASTM A108 | Within specified tolerances | | Straightness | 100% | Visual/optical | ≤ 0.3 mm per 300 mm | ### **Optional Testing Services** - **Ultrasonic Testing**: For internal defect detection - **Magnetic Particle Inspection**: Surface crack detection - **Microstructural Analysis**: Grain size and structure evaluation - **Residual Stress Measurement**: X-ray diffraction analysis - **Fatigue Testing**: Rotating bending or axial fatigue tests ### **Certification & Documentation** - **Mill Test Reports**: Complete chemical and mechanical certification - **Heat Treatment Records**: When applicable - **NDT Reports**: Upon customer request - **Material Traceability**: Full chain of custody documentation - **Compliance Certificates**: ISO 9001, IATF 16949, etc. --- ## **11. Storage, Handling & Packaging** ### **Storage Conditions** - **Environment**: Dry, controlled conditions (<60% RH) - **Temperature**: Ambient, avoid extreme fluctuations - **Protection**: VCI paper or protective coatings recommended - **Stacking**: Maximum 1.5m height with proper support - **Separation**: By grade, size, and condition ### **Packaging Standards** - **Individual Protection**: Plastic end caps, VCI wrapping - **Bundling**: Steel strapping with edge protection - **Identification**: Clear, weather-resistant labeling - **Shipping Protection**: Secured to prevent movement and damage ### **Handling Procedures** - **Lifting Equipment**: Non-marring nylon slings or magnets - **Transportation**: Flatbed trucks with proper securing - **Unloading**: Avoid dropping or impact loading - **Inspection**: Visual check upon receipt for damage --- ## **12. Comparison with Similar Grades** ### **Performance Comparison** | Grade | Carbon % | Yield Strength (CD) | Hardness (HB) | Machinability | Primary Advantage | |-------|----------|---------------------|---------------|---------------|-------------------| | **1035 CD** | 0.32-0.38 | 480-550 MPa | 179-229 | 65% | Better machinability | | **1040 CD** | 0.37-0.44 | 515-655 MPa | 179-241 | 55% | Balanced properties | | **1045 CD** | 0.43-0.50 | 585-725 MPa | 207-255 | 40% | Higher strength | | **4140 CD** | 0.38-0.43 | 655-795 MPa | 197-255 | 45% | Better toughness | ### **Application Selection Guide** | Application Requirement | Recommended Grade | Reasoning | |------------------------|-------------------|-----------| | General precision shafts | 1040 CD | Good balance of properties | | High-strength fasteners | 1045 CD | Higher strength needed | | Complex machined parts | 1035 CD | Better machinability | | Critical dynamic loads | 4140 CD | Better fatigue resistance | | Cost-sensitive applications | 1040 CD | Optimal cost-performance | --- ## **13. Technical Guidelines & Best Practices** ### **Design Considerations** 1. **Stress Concentrations**: Minimize sharp corners and notches 2. **Surface Finish Requirements**: Specify based on application needs 3. **Tolerance Stack-up**: Account for manufacturing variations 4. **Heat Treatment Planning**: Consider final properties during design 5. **Quality Requirements**: Define appropriate inspection levels ### **Manufacturing Best Practices** 1. **Machining Sequence**: Rough machine → Heat treat → Finish machine 2. **Tool Management**: Regular inspection and replacement schedule 3. **Process Control**: Statistical monitoring of critical dimensions 4. **Quality Verification**: First article and periodic inspections 5. **Documentation**: Complete process records for traceability ### **Troubleshooting Common Issues** | Problem | Possible Causes | Solutions | |---------|----------------|-----------| | Excessive tool wear | Incorrect tool material/speed | Use premium carbide, optimize parameters | | Poor surface finish | Dull tools, incorrect feeds | Replace tools, adjust feed rates | | Dimensional variation | Temperature changes, tool wear | Climate control, regular tool changes | | Cracking during HT | Rapid heating/cooling | Control heating and cooling rates | | Warping after machining | Residual stresses | Stress relieve before finish machining | --- ## **14. Economic & Supply Chain Considerations** ### **Cost Factors** - **Raw Material**: 55-65% of total cost - **Cold Drawing Processing**: 20-30% - **Testing & Certification**: 5-10% - **Packaging & Shipping**: 5-8% ### **Lead Time Considerations** - **Standard Sizes**: 3-5 weeks - **Special Sizes/Diameters**: 6-8 weeks - **Additional Processing**: 1-2 weeks extra - **Testing Services**: Additional 1 week ### **Minimum Order Quantities** - **Standard Grades**: 300 kg minimum - **Special Processing**: 500 kg minimum - **Certified Material**: 1000 kg minimum - **Just-in-Time Programs**: Negotiable based on partnership --- ## **15. Environmental & Sustainability** ### **Environmental Compliance** - **REACH Compliance**: Fully compliant - **RoHS Compliance**: Contains no restricted substances - **Recyclability**: 100% recyclable material - **Carbon Footprint**: Lower than equivalent alloy steels ### **Sustainable Practices** - **Energy Efficiency**: Cold drawing reduces energy vs. machining from larger stock - **Material Efficiency**: Near-net shape processing minimizes waste - **Long Service Life**: Durable material reduces replacement frequency - **End-of-Life Management**: Fully recyclable in standard steel recycling streams --- ## **16. Technical Support & Services** ### **Available Technical Support** - **Material Selection Assistance**: Engineering consultation - **Process Optimization**: Manufacturing guidance - **Problem Solving**: Troubleshooting support - **Technical Training**: Seminars and workshops ### **Value-Added Services** - **Just-in-Time Delivery**: Inventory management solutions - **Kanban Systems**: Automated replenishment programs - **Vendor Managed Inventory**: Complete supply chain management - **Technical Documentation**: Comprehensive material data packages --- **Disclaimer**: This technical data sheet provides comprehensive information about AISI 1040 Cold Drawn Steel Round Bars. Actual properties may vary based on specific manufacturing parameters, heat treatment conditions, and processing history. For critical applications, consult with material engineers, review certified test reports, and conduct application-specific validation testing. Professional engineering judgment should always be applied for safety-critical applications. --- **Revision**: 1.0 **Date**: November 2023 **Status**: Current Specification **Contact**: Technical Services Department -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1040 Steel, as cold drawn, 16-22 mm (0.625-0.875 in) round Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4820 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1040 Steel, as cold drawn, 16-22 mm (0.625-0.875 in) round Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1040 Steel, as cold drawn, 16-22 mm (0.625-0.875 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1040 Steel, as cold drawn, 16-22 mm (0.625-0.875 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1040 Steel, as cold drawn, 16-22 mm (0.625-0.875 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1291 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition