AISI 1046 Steel, cold drawn, annealed

AISI 1046 Steel, cold drawn, annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1046 Steel, cold drawn, annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1046 Steel, cold drawn, annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ### **Technical Data Sheet: AISI 1046 Cold Drawn & Annealed Steel Round Bar (19-32 mm / 0.75-1.25 in)** --- #### **1. Product Overview** AISI 1046 Cold Drawn & Annealed Round Bar is a precision-engineered medium-carbon steel product that combines the dimensional accuracy of cold drawing with the improved machinability and ductility achieved through post-drawing annealing. This dual-process treatment produces material with superior dimensional tolerances, excellent surface finish, and optimized microstructure for subsequent machining operations. The annealing process relieves internal stresses from cold working while refining the grain structure, making this product ideal for precision components requiring extensive machining or forming before final heat treatment. --- #### **2. Key Characteristics & Advantages** - **Optimized Machinability:** Annealed condition provides superior chip formation and extended tool life - **Dimensional Precision:** Cold drawing ensures tight diameter tolerances (±0.075 mm / ±0.003 in) - **Stress-Relieved State:** Eliminates residual stresses from cold working, minimizing distortion during machining - **Uniform Microstructure:** Recrystallized ferrite-pearlite structure for consistent performance - **Improved Ductility:** Enhanced formability compared to standard cold drawn material - **Excellent Surface Finish:** Smooth, bright surface (1.6-3.2 µm Ra) with scale-free condition - **Predictable Heat Treatment:** Uniform structure ensures consistent response to final hardening --- #### **3. Chemical Composition** | Element | Composition Range (%) | Standard Reference | |---------|----------------------|-------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.43 - 0.50 | ASTM A108 / SAE J403 | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.70 - 1.00 | ASTM A108 / SAE J403 | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.040 | ASTM A108 / SAE J403 | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.050 | ASTM A108 / SAE J403 | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.35 | ASTM A108 / SAE J403 | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | - | *Note: The elevated manganese range (0.70-1.00%) provides improved hardenability compared to standard 1045 steel.* --- #### **4. Manufacturing Process Sequence** 1. **Hot Rolling:** Initial reduction to approximate dimensions 2. **Cold Drawing:** Precision sizing (typically 10-20% area reduction) 3. **Annealing Heat Treatment:** 790-815°C (1450-1500°F), slow furnace cooling 4. **Optional Stress Relieving:** 600-650°C (1110-1200°F) if specified 5. **Final Inspection:** Dimensional, surface, and metallurgical verification --- #### **5. Typical Mechanical Properties (Cold Drawn & Annealed Condition)** | Property | Value Range | Test Standard | |----------|-------------|---------------| | **Tensile Strength** | 550 - 690 MPa (80 - 100 ksi) | ASTM A370 | | **Yield Strength (0.2% offset)** | 310 - 450 MPa (45 - 65 ksi) | ASTM A370 | | **Elongation in 50 mm (2")** | 18% - 25% | ASTM A370 | | **Reduction of Area** | 50% - 60% | ASTM A370 | | **Brinell Hardness** | 156 - 207 HB | ASTM E10 | | **Surface Roughness (Ra)** | 1.6 - 3.2 µm (63 - 125 µin) | ASME B46.1 | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 200 GPa (29,000 ksi) | ASTM E111 | | **Machinability Rating** | ~65% (relative to 1212 steel) | - | | **Residual Stress Level** | Minimal (< 50 MPa) | X-ray diffraction | --- #### **6. Microstructural Characteristics** - **Grain Structure:** Fully recrystallized ferrite with pearlite colonies - **Grain Size:** ASTM 7-9 (fine to medium) - **Microhardness Variation:** ≤ 15% across diameter - **Decarburization:** ≤ 0.15 mm (0.006 in) maximum - **Non-Metallic Inclusions:** ASTM E45 Method A, ≤ 2.0 thin series --- #### **7. Physical & Thermal Properties** | Property | Value | |----------|-------| | **Density** | 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | | **Thermal Conductivity (20°C)** | 48.2 W/m·K (33.4 BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F) | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 486 J/kg·K (0.116 BTU/lb·°F) | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 11.3 µm/m·°C (6.3 µin/in·°F) 20-100°C | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.225 µΩ·m | | **Magnetic Properties** | Ferromagnetic | --- #### **8. International Standard Equivalents** | Standard System | Designation | Primary Specification | |----------------|-------------|----------------------| | **UNS** | G10460 | Unified Numbering System | | **SAE/AISI** | 1046 | SAE J403 | | **ASTM** | Grade 1046 | ASTM A108 (with annealing) | | **EN (Europe)** | 1.1193 (C45E - Similar) | EN 10083-2 | | **ISO** | C45E (Similar) | ISO 683-18 | | **JIS (Japan)** | S45C (Similar) | JIS G4051 | | **GB (China)** | 45# (45钢) | GB/T 699 | | **DIN (Germany)** | 1.1193, Ck45 (Similar) | DIN 17200 | --- #### **9. Heat Treatment Response (Post-Machining)** **Final Heat Treatment Options:** - **Quenching & Tempering:** - Austenitizing: 830-855°C (1525-1575°F) - Quenching: Oil preferred (H25-H35 severity) - Tempering: 400-650°C (750-1200°F) for desired hardness - Resulting UTS: 850-1150 MPa (123-167 ksi) - **Surface Hardening:** - Induction hardening: Surface 55-62 HRC, adjustable case depth - Flame hardening: Similar results with proper control - Nitriding: Excellent response (typical case >1000 HV) **Typical Results After Heat Treatment:** - Core hardness: 28-40 HRC (depending on tempering) - Tensile strength: 850-1100 MPa - Impact toughness: 20-40 J (Charpy V-notch) --- #### **10. Primary Applications** **Precision Automotive Components:** - Transmission gear blanks requiring extensive machining - Engine valve train components - Steering system precision parts - Suspension components before hardening - Turbocharger shaft blanks **Industrial Machinery Manufacturing:** - Complex gear and sprocket blanks - Hydraulic valve bodies and manifolds - Machine tool components requiring precision machining - Pump housings and impellers - Precision fixture and jig components **Aerospace & Defense:** - Landing gear components before final treatment - Actuator system parts - Weapon system precision components - Avionics mounting hardware **Medical Equipment Manufacturing:** - Surgical instrument blanks - Dental equipment components - Diagnostic machine parts - Prosthetic manufacturing tooling **General Precision Engineering:** - Complex turned parts requiring stable machining - Multi-operation machined components - Prototype development and testing - Educational and training materials --- #### **11. Fabrication Characteristics** **Machining Performance:** - **Turning:** Excellent chip control, surface finishes < 1.6 µm Ra easily achievable - **Milling:** Consistent tool life, reduced power consumption - **Drilling/Tapping:** Superior chip evacuation, minimal tap breakage - **Grinding:** Predictable stock removal, excellent surface integrity - **Recommended Parameters:** 40-60 m/min cutting speed, 0.1-0.3 mm/rev feed **Welding Considerations:** - **Pre-heating:** 150-200°C (300-400°F) recommended - **Electrodes:** E7018, E8018-G for critical applications - **Post-Weld Treatment:** 600-650°C (1110-1200°F) stress relief required - **Limitations:** Complete re-heat treatment recommended after welding **Forming Operations:** - **Cold Forming:** Good capability with proper radii - **Bending:** Minimum radius 2× diameter for 90° bends - **Forging:** Excellent for hot forging operations - **Punching/Blanking:** Clean edges with minimal die wear --- #### **12. Quality Assurance & Inspection** **Dimensional Tolerances:** - **Diameter (19-32 mm):** ±0.075 mm (±0.003 in) standard - **Straightness:** ≤ 0.3 mm per 300 mm (≤ 0.012 in per foot) - **Roundness:** ≤ 0.05 mm (≤ 0.002 in) - **Surface Finish:** 1.6-3.2 µm Ra as-drawn **Testing Protocol:** - Full chemical analysis per heat - Mechanical testing each production lot - Microstructural examination per ASTM E112 - Hardness testing (minimum 3 points per bar) - Residual stress analysis available upon request **Certification Requirements:** - Mill test reports with full traceability - Annealing temperature-time records - Mechanical property certification - Compliance with ASTM A108 specifications --- #### **13. Storage & Handling** - **Storage Conditions:** Dry environment (<50% RH), temperature stable - **Packaging:** VCI paper wrapping, plastic end caps - **Stacking Height:** Maximum 1.2 meters with proper supports - **Handling Equipment:** Non-marring nylon slings recommended - **Shelf Life:** 12 months in original packaging - **Identification:** Clear heat number and grade marking --- #### **14. Comparative Advantages** | Property | Standard Cold Drawn | Cold Drawn & Annealed | Benefit | |----------|-------------------|----------------------|---------| | **Machinability** | 38% | 65% | Faster machining, longer tool life | | **Distortion Risk** | High | Low | Improved dimensional stability | | **Tool Wear** | High | Moderate | Reduced manufacturing cost | | **Surface Finish** | Good | Excellent | Better final part quality | | **Chip Control** | Fair | Excellent | Improved productivity | | **Cost Premium** | Base | 15-25% | Justified by machining savings | --- #### **15. Technical Guidelines for Design & Manufacturing** 1. **Design Considerations:** - Optimal for components requiring extensive machining before hardening - Suitable for complex geometries with tight tolerances - Ideal for parts with thin sections or complex features 2. **Manufacturing Planning:** - Perform all major machining operations before final heat treatment - Consider stress relief after heavy stock removal - Allow for dimensional changes during final heat treatment 3. **Quality Control:** - Verify microstructure before critical machining - Monitor tool wear patterns for process consistency - Implement SPC for dimensional control 4. **Cost Optimization:** - Balance material cost against machining savings - Consider batch size and production volume - Evaluate total manufacturing cost including tooling --- #### **16. Economic & Production Considerations** **Cost-Benefit Analysis:** - **Material Cost:** 15-25% higher than standard cold drawn - **Machining Savings:** 20-40% reduction in machining time - **Tooling Savings:** 30-50% longer tool life - **Quality Improvement:** Reduced scrap and rework - **Production Efficiency:** Faster cycle times, higher throughput **Production Recommendations:** - **Minimum Order Quantity:** Typically 500 kg for economic viability - **Lead Time:** 4-6 weeks for standard sizes - **Customization:** Available for specific annealing cycles - **Testing:** Additional charges for special testing requirements --- **Disclaimer:** This technical specification provides comprehensive information about AISI 1046 Cold Drawn & Annealed Steel Bars. Properties may vary based on specific manufacturing parameters, section sizes, and annealing conditions. For critical applications, consult with material engineers, review certified test reports, and conduct application-specific validation testing. This premium-grade material is specifically engineered for applications where superior machinability, dimensional stability, and predictable performance during manufacturing are paramount requirements. --- **Revision:** 1.1 **Date:** November 2023 **Status:** Current Specification -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1046 Steel, cold drawn, annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4814 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1046 Steel, cold drawn, annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1046 Steel, cold drawn, annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1046 Steel, cold drawn, annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1046 Steel, cold drawn, annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1285 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition