AISI 1060 Steel, as rolled

AISI 1060 Steel, as rolled Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1060 Steel, as rolled Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1060 Steel, as rolled Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Technical Data Sheet: AISI 1060 Steel, As-Rolled Condition** ## **1. Product Overview** AISI 1060 steel in the as-rolled condition is a standard, medium-high carbon steel supplied directly after the final hot rolling operation without subsequent heat treatment or cold finishing. This state represents the most economical form of the material, characterized by a classic hot-rolled mill scale surface, normalized-like microstructure from controlled rolling, and mechanical properties suitable for many structural and general manufacturing applications. The as-rolled condition provides good strength and fair machinability, serving as a versatile raw material for components that will be forged, machined, or heat-treated by the end-user. ## **2. International Standard Specifications** This product is manufactured to meet the requirements of several key international standards for hot-rolled steel bars: * **AISI/ASTM (USA):** AISI 1060, per **ASTM A29/A29M** (Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Requirements for). * **ASTM Product Standard:** Commonly supplied under **ASTM A36** for structural applications or **ASTM A576** (Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality) for special quality bars. * **UNS Designation:** G10600 * **SAE Standard:** SAE J403, J412 (1060 Grade) * **European Norm (EN):** EN 10083-2, Grade C60 (1.0601) - as-rolled condition is typical for this standard. * **Japanese Standard (JIS):** JIS G3101, Grade SS540 (General structural) or JIS G4051, S58C (Carbon steels for machine structural use). ## **3. Chemical Composition (Weight Percentage)** The composition is balanced to achieve good hardenability and strength while maintaining reasonable weldability and formability. | Element | Composition Range (%) | Typical Value (%) | Metallurgical Role | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.55 - 0.65 | 0.60 | Primary strengthening element; forms pearlite, provides strength and hardenability. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.60 - 0.90 | 0.75 | Increases hardenability, refines grain structure, combines with sulfur to improve hot workability. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.040 (≤ 0.050 for A36) | 0.015 | Residual element; improves machinability but reduces ductility and toughness if excessive. | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.050 (≤ 0.060 for A36) | 0.025 | Residual element; improves machinability but can cause hot shortness. | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.35 | 0.22 | Deoxidizer (killed steel); strengthens ferrite, improves cleanliness. | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Balance | Base Metal. | *Note: For ASTM A36, carbon may be reported as "0.26% max" but the steel is often melted to the 1060 range to meet mechanical properties; the actual ladle analysis typically reflects the 1060 chemistry.* ## **4. Microstructure & As-Rolled Condition** The "as-rolled" state is defined by its processing history: * **Processing:** The steel is hot-rolled at temperatures typically above 900°C (1650°F) and allowed to air cool on the mill's cooling bed. This controlled cooling rate often results in a microstructure similar to a **normalizing** treatment. * **Microstructure:** Consists primarily of **fine lamellar pearlite** with a surrounding network of **ferrite**. The exact pearlite-to-ferrite ratio and grain size depend on the final rolling temperature and cooling rate. * **Surface:** Characteristic dark blue-gray **mill scale** (iron oxides: FeO, Fe₃O₄, Fe₂O₃). Surface finish is rough, with typical height deviations (Rz) of 100-250 μm. Dimensional tolerances are commercial (wider than cold finished). * **Internal State:** May contain residual stresses and slight anisotropy (directionality) from the rolling process. ## **5. Physical & Mechanical Properties (Typical As-Rolled)** Properties are indicative and can vary significantly with the final rolled section size (thickness/diameter). Thinner sections cool faster and are generally stronger and harder. ### **5.1 Mechanical Properties (For typical bar sections 20-100mm)** | Property | Value Range (Metric) | Value Range (Imperial) | Notes / Test Standard | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Tensile Strength** | 620 - 790 MPa | 90 - 115 ksi | ASTM E8 | | **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)** | 345 - 415 MPa | 50 - 60 ksi | Minimum yield for A36 is 250 MPa (36 ksi) | | **Elongation in 200 mm (8 in)** | 12% - 18% | 12% - 18% | Ductility decreases with higher carbon. | | **Elongation in 50 mm (2 in)** | 15% - 22% | 15% - 22% | | | **Reduction of Area** | 35% - 50% | 35% - 50% | ASTM E8 | | **Hardness (Brinell)** | 174 - 229 HBW | 174 - 229 HBW | Varies with section size. ASTM E10 | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 200 GPa | 29,000 ksi | | | **Machinability Rating** | ~55% (of 1212) | ~55% | Fair; improved by higher sulfur levels. | ### **5.2 Physical Properties** | Property | Value | Condition | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Density | 7.85 g/cm³ | 0.284 lb/in³ | | Thermal Conductivity | ~48.0 W/m·K | At 100°C | | Electrical Resistivity | 0.0000159 Ω·m | At 20°C | | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 11.5 μm/m·°C | 20-100°C | | Melting Point | ~1425 - 1520°C | ~2600 - 2770°F | ## **6. Key Characteristics & Advantages** * **Cost-Effective:** The most economical supply form, avoiding the costs of additional heat treatment or finishing processes. * **Good Strength-to-Weight Ratio:** Provides higher strength than low-carbon steels (e.g., A36/44W) in the as-delivered state. * **Readily Weldable (with precautions):** Can be welded using established procedures (preheat, low-hydrogen electrodes, controlled heat input), though more prone to HAZ cracking than lower carbon grades. * **Excellent Forgeability:** Ideal as a starting stock for hot forging operations due to its good ductility at elevated temperatures. * **Good Hardenability Base Material:** Serves as a suitable starting condition for parts that will be quenched and tempered, flame or induction hardened to achieve high surface hardness. ## **7. Common Applications** As-rolled AISI 1060 is selected for applications where its inherent strength is sufficient, or where significant secondary processing is planned. * **Structural Components:** Axles, shafts, keys, and general machine parts where the as-rolled strength is adequate. * **Forging Blanks:** Primary stock for **hot forging** into components like connecting rods, levers, gear blanks, and hand tools (hammers, wrenches). * **Railroad Industry:** Brake shoes, certain freight car components. * **Agricultural Equipment:** Plow beams, cutter bar sections, tillage tool blanks. * **Heat Treatment Blanks:** Raw material for parts that will be fully machined and then through-hardened (quenched & tempered) or surface hardened. * **Springs (After Forming & HT):** Raw material for the hot winding of large coil or leaf springs, which are then quenched and tempered. * **Construction & Mining:** Wear plates, bucket teeth (often hardened after fabrication), and pins. ## **8. Fabrication & Processing Notes** * **Machining:** **Requires robust tooling.** The pearlitic structure is abrasive. Use slower speeds, positive rake angles, rigid setups, and ample coolant. Pre-annealing or normalizing can significantly improve machinability for heavy cuts. * **Welding:** **Preheat is strongly recommended (150-260°C / 300-500°F).** Use low-hydrogen processes (SMAW: E7018; GMAW: ER70S-6). Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) or at least slow cooling is advisable for highly constrained joints to prevent hydrogen-induced cracking. * **Cold Forming:** **Limited capability.** Suitable only for simple, mild bending. The material has high yield strength and low as-rolled ductility for severe cold forming. Hot forming is preferred. * **Surface Preparation:** Mill scale must be removed for painting, plating, or precision machining. Methods include shot blasting, pickling, or machining. * **Heat Treatment (by End-User):** Responds well to **normalizing** (870-900°C), **quenching** (790-820°C in water/oil), and **tempering**. The as-rolled grain structure may be less uniform than a normalized one. ## **9. Quality Assurance** * Typically supplied with a **Mill Test Certificate** reporting heat chemistry and, if specified, mechanical properties from tests on representative samples. * Standard quality includes control of chemistry and deoxidation practice (typically killed or semi-killed). * Dimensional tolerances per ASTM A29 or applicable product specification (e.g., A576). --- **Disclaimer:** The properties and performance data provided are typical for the material in its as-rolled condition. They are influenced by manufacturing variables such as rolling practice, section size, and cooling rate. This information is for guidance only and does not constitute a product specification. Users are responsible for validating the material's suitability for their specific application, process, and design requirements. Consultation with a qualified metallurgist for critical applications is essential. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1060 Steel, as rolled Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4837 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1060 Steel, as rolled Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1060 Steel, as rolled -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1060 Steel, as rolled -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1060 Steel, as rolled -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1308 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition