AISI 1060 Steel, cold drawn

AISI 1060 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1060 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1060 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Technical Data Sheet: AISI 1060 Steel, Cold Drawn & Spheroidized Annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) Round Bar** --- ## **1. Product Overview** AISI 1060 steel in cold drawn and spheroidized annealed condition is a premium medium-high carbon steel product engineered specifically for severe cold forming operations and precision machining. The unique spheroidized annealed microstructure, characterized by globular (spheroidal) carbides uniformly dispersed in a soft ferritic matrix, provides exceptional ductility and formability that is unattainable with standard annealed or as-drawn conditions. Following spheroidization, the material undergoes cold drawing to achieve precise dimensional tolerances and an improved surface finish. This product is the material of choice for components that must withstand significant plastic deformation during manufacturing. ## **2. International Standard Specifications** This product conforms to the following international standards for chemistry, processing, and condition: * **AISI/ASTM (USA):** AISI 1060, per ASTM A108 (Cold-Finished Carbon Steel Bars) for spheroidized annealed condition. * **UNS Designation:** G10600 * **SAE Standard:** SAE J403, J412 (1060 Grade) * **European Norm (EN):** 1.0601 / C60E / C60 (Equivalent grade, property-specific) * **Japanese Standard (JIS):** JIS G4801, SUP6 / JIS G4051, S58C (Similar grade) * **Condition Specification:** Typically supplied to ASTM A108, "Spheroidized Annealed" or customer-defined hardness/condition requirements. ## **3. Chemical Composition (Weight Percentage)** The composition is tailored for optimal response to spheroidizing annealing and subsequent heat treatment. | Element | Composition Range (%) | Typical Value (%) | Metallurgical Role | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.55 - 0.65 | 0.60 | Primary hardening element; forms spheroidal cementite particles during annealing. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.60 - 0.90 | 0.75 | Enhances hardenability and strength. Critical for through-hardening after forming. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.040 | 0.015 | Residual element; kept low to maximize ductility and toughness. | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.050 | 0.025 | Residual element; slightly higher levels can improve machinability. | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.35 | 0.22 | Deoxidizer; strengthens ferrite matrix. | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Balance | Base Metal. | ## **4. Microstructure & Condition: Spheroidized Annealed** This is the defining characteristic of the product. The steel is subjected to a prolonged annealing cycle just below the lower critical temperature (A1), which transforms the hard, lamellar pearlitic cementite into soft, spherical carbides. * **Microstructure:** Spheroidal cementite (Fe₃C) particles in a matrix of soft, ductile ferrite. * **Purpose:** Maximizes ductility and toughness, minimizes flow stress, and provides the most favorable structure for cold forming (extrusion, upsetting, severe bending) and subsequent uniform hardening upon quenching. * **Visual ID:** The fractured surface appears dull and velvety, unlike the bright, crystalline fracture of normalized or quenched steel. ## **5. Physical & Mechanical Properties (As-Supplied Condition)** Properties listed are for the material in the cold drawn, spheroidized annealed state, ready for customer forming/machining. ### **5.1 Mechanical Properties (Typical)** | Property | Value Range (Metric) | Value Range (Imperial) | Test Standard | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Tensile Strength** | 490 - 620 MPa | 71 - 90 ksi | ASTM E8 | | **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)** | 415 - 550 MPa | 60 - 80 ksi | ASTM E8 | | **Elongation in 50 mm** | 15% - 25% | 15% - 25% | ASTM E8 | | **Reduction of Area** | 50% - 65% | 50% - 65% | ASTM E8 | | **Hardness (Brinell)** | 149 - 187 HBW | 149 - 187 HBW | ASTM E10 | | **Hardness (Rockwell)** | 80 - 90 HRB | 80 - 90 HRB | ASTM E18 | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 205 GPa | 29,700 ksi | - | ### **5.2 Physical Properties** | Property | Value | Condition | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Density | 7.85 g/cm³ | 0.284 lb/in³ | | Thermal Conductivity | ~48.0 W/m·K | At 100°C | | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 11.5 μm/m·°C | 20-100°C | ## **6. Key Product Advantages & Characteristics** * **Optimal Cold Formability:** The spheroidized structure offers the **highest possible ductility** for AISI 1060, allowing for extreme deformation (upsetting, extruding, cold forging) without cracking. * **Excellent Machinability:** The soft, uniform structure provides consistent, predictable machining with good chip breakage and lower tool pressure compared to harder conditions, despite the higher carbon content. * **Superior Hardenability Response:** The spheroidized carbide structure dissolves more uniformly during austenitizing prior to quenching, leading to a more consistent and potentially deeper hardened case with less risk of retained soft spots. * **Dimensional Precision:** The final cold drawing pass ensures tight diameter tolerances (h9/h10), excellent straightness, and a smooth surface finish (typically 3.2-6.3 μm Ra), reducing pre-machining work. * **Minimal Springback:** The low yield strength and high ductility result in reduced springback during cold forming operations. ## **7. Post-Supply Heat Treatment Response** This material is supplied in its softest, most formable state with the explicit intent of being heat-treated by the end-user after forming/machining. * **Normalizing:** Heat to 870-900°C (1600-1650°F), air cool. Used to refine grain after cold working before hardening. * **Full Hardening (Quenching):** Austenitize at 800-830°C (1475-1525°F), quench in **water or vigorous oil**. Achievable hardness: **60-66 HRC**. * **Tempering:** **Mandatory after quenching.** Reheat to 150-600°C (300-1100°F) to achieve desired combination of hardness (from ~55 HRC down to ~35 HRC) and toughness. * **Induction/Flam Hardening:** An excellent candidate due to its uniform initial structure, allowing precise case depth control. ## **8. Primary Applications** This specific product is selected for applications requiring **severe deformation** followed by **high strength/hardness** via heat treatment. * **Cold Forging & Extrusion Blanks:** For manufacturing high-strength fasteners (e.g., Grade 8 bolts, socket head cap screws), automotive suspension components (bolts, pins), and tools. * **Upset Forging Parts:** Valves, couplings, and other parts formed by upsetting bar ends. * **Precision Machined Components:** Gears, shafts, and spindles that are finish-machined in the soft state and then through-hardened and tempered. * **Cutting Tools & Blanks:** For tools like chisels, punches, and agricultural cutter bars that are formed, then heat-treated. * **Springs (Heavy-duty):** Used as raw material for the cold coiling of large, high-stress springs which are subsequently heat-treated. * **Bearings & Bushings:** Components that are machined and then case-hardened for wear resistance. ## **9. Fabrication & Processing Notes** * **Cold Forming:** Ideal for severe forming. Use appropriate die design and lubrication. * **Machining:** Use sharp, positive-rake tools. Chip flow is excellent. Speeds/feeds similar to low-carbon steels in annealed condition. * **Welding: Not Recommended** in the spheroidized condition for critical applications. If necessary, use low-hydrogen processes with preheat (200-300°C) and post-weld annealing or full re-heat treatment, as the HAZ will develop brittle, high-hardness martensite. * **Storage:** Keep dry to prevent staining. The soft surface is more prone to minor handling indentation than harder steels. ## **10. Quality Assurance & Certification** * Supplied with full **Material Test Certificate per EN 10204 3.1** or equivalent, including chemical analysis and mechanical property reports. * Hardness testing (Brinell or Rockwell B) is standard for lot release. * Micrographic verification of spheroidized structure is available upon request. --- **Disclaimer:** The information provided is typical and for reference purposes. Actual properties may vary between heats and manufacturers. For critical applications, users should perform their own validation testing and consult with metallurgical experts. The supplier is not liable for application design or performance. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1060 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4836 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1060 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1060 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1060 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1060 Steel, cold drawn, spheroidized annealed, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1307 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition