AISI 1060 Steel, hot rolled

AISI 1060 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1060 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1060 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Technical Data Sheet: AISI 1060 Steel, Hot Rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) Round Bar** ## **1. Product Overview** AISI 1060 hot rolled round bars in the 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) diameter range represent the most economical and widely used supply form of this medium-high carbon steel. Manufactured through traditional hot rolling above the recrystallization temperature, this product features the characteristic blue-black mill scale surface with commercial dimensional tolerances. The hot rolling process, followed by controlled air cooling on the mill bed, results in a normalized-like microstructure that provides a favorable balance of strength, toughness, and machinability for general engineering applications. This specific diameter range is particularly suitable for direct machining, hot forging blanks, and components requiring moderate strength in the as-supplied condition. ## **2. International Standard Specifications** This product conforms to multiple international standards for hot-rolled carbon steel bars: | Standard System | Standard Number | Grade/Designation | Condition | |----------------|----------------|-------------------|-----------| | **ASTM (USA)** | ASTM A29/A29M | 1060 | Hot Rolled, General Requirements | | **ASTM (USA)** | ASTM A576 | Grade 1060 | Special Quality, Hot Rolled | | **SAE (USA)** | SAE J403, J412 | 1060 | Hot Rolled | | **UNS (USA)** | G10600 | - | - | | **EN (Europe)** | EN 10083-2 | 1.0601 / C60 | Hot Rolled | | **ISO** | ISO 683-18 | C60E | Hot Rolled | | **JIS (Japan)** | JIS G4051 | S58C | Hot Rolled | *Note: ASTM A36 (250 MPa min yield) may also apply when mechanical properties rather than chemistry are specified.* ## **3. Chemical Composition (Weight %)** The composition is controlled to achieve optimal properties in the hot rolled condition: | Element | Specification Range | Typical Value | Metallurgical Role in Hot Rolled State | |---------|-------------------|---------------|--------------------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.55-0.65% | 0.60% | Primary strengthening element; forms pearlite contributing to strength and hardness | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.60-0.90% | 0.75% | Enhances strength and hardenability; promotes fine grain structure | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15-0.35% | 0.22% | Deoxidizer (typically killed steel); solid solution strengthener | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤0.040% | 0.018% | Residual element; improves machinability but reduces toughness if excessive | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤0.050% | 0.028% | Residual element; improves machinability, can cause hot shortness | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Balance | Base metal | *Trace elements (max): Cu 0.20%, Ni 0.20%, Cr 0.20%, Mo 0.10%* ## **4. Manufacturing Process & Microstructure** - **Hot Rolling Temperature:** 1000-1200°C (1830-2190°F) initial, finishing around 900-950°C (1650-1740°F) - **Cooling Method:** Controlled air cooling on cooling bed - **Resulting Microstructure:** Fine lamellar pearlite (approximately 80-85%) with pro-eutectoid ferrite at grain boundaries - **Grain Size:** ASTM 5-7 (typical) - **Surface Condition:** Characteristic mill scale (FeO, Fe₃O₄, Fe₂O₃) 0.025-0.075 mm thick - **Dimensional Tolerances:** Commercial hot rolled tolerances per ASTM A29 (±0.4 mm for 19-25 mm, ±0.5 mm for 25-32 mm diameters) ## **5. Mechanical Properties (As-Hot Rolled)** Properties are consistent within this diameter range due to similar cooling rates: ### **5.1 Standard Mechanical Properties** | Property | Value Range | Typical Value | Test Standard | |----------|-------------|---------------|---------------| | **Tensile Strength** | 640-800 MPa | 720 MPa | ASTM E8/E8M | | **Yield Strength (0.2% offset)** | 340-415 MPa | 380 MPa | ASTM E8/E8M | | **Elongation in 50 mm** | 14-20% | 16% | ASTM E8/E8M | | **Reduction of Area** | 35-50% | 42% | ASTM E8/E8M | | **Hardness (Brinell)** | 179-229 HB | 207 HB | ASTM E10 | | **Hardness (Rockwell)** | 88-99 HRB | 94 HRB | ASTM E18 | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 200-205 GPa | 203 GPa | - | | **Shear Modulus** | 79-81 GPa | 80 GPa | - | | **Poisson's Ratio** | 0.28-0.30 | 0.29 | - | ### **5.2 Additional Properties** | Property | Value | Conditions/Notes | |----------|-------|-----------------| | **Machinability Rating** | 55-60% | Relative to B1112 as 100% | | **Charpy V-Notch Impact** | 12-20 J @ 20°C | ASTM E23 | | **Fatigue Limit** | 260-310 MPa | Rotating bending, 10⁷ cycles | | **Density** | 7.85 g/cm³ | At 20°C | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 48.0 W/m·K | At 100°C | ## **6. Key Characteristics & Advantages** ### **Economic Benefits** - **Lowest Cost Form:** No additional heat treatment or finishing operations - **High Availability:** Standard stock item at steel service centers - **Minimal Lead Time:** Typically available ex-stock ### **Processing Advantages** - **Good Hot Workability:** Excellent for forging, forming at elevated temperatures - **Adequate Machinability:** Suitable for general machining operations - **Weldable with Precautions:** Can be welded using proper procedures - **Good Response to Heat Treatment:** Serves as excellent base material for hardening ### **Performance Attributes** - **Favorable Strength-to-Weight Ratio:** Higher strength than low-carbon steels - **Consistent Properties:** Uniform through cross-section in this diameter range - **Good Wear Resistance:** Suitable for moderately abrasive applications ## **7. Heat Treatment Response** Hot rolled AISI 1060 responds well to various heat treatments: | Treatment | Purpose | Parameters | Resulting Hardness (Typical) | |-----------|---------|------------|-----------------------------| | **Annealing** | Soften for machining | 790-815°C, furnace cool | 149-179 HB | | **Normalizing** | Refine grain, homogenize | 870-900°C, air cool | 201-241 HB | | **Stress Relieving** | Reduce residual stresses | 550-650°C, air cool | Similar to as-rolled | | **Quenching** | Maximum hardness | 800-830°C, water/oil quench | 60-65 HRC | | **Tempering** | Toughness after quenching | 200-600°C, air cool | 25-55 HRC | ## **8. Primary Applications** ### **General Manufacturing & Engineering** - **Shafts and Axles:** For agricultural equipment, conveyors, general machinery - **Pins and Bushings:** Wear components in moderate service - **Fasteners:** Bolts, studs, dowel pins (often heat treated after machining) - **Structural Components:** Where strength exceeds A36 requirements ### **Forging Blanks** - **Hand Tools:** Hammer heads, wrench blanks, pry bars - **Automotive Components:** Gear blanks, lever arms, suspension parts - **Agricultural Implements:** Plow shares, cultivator teeth, blade blanks ### **Machined Parts** - **Gears and Sprockets:** For moderate load applications - **Machine Tool Components:** Ways, slides, brackets - **Hydraulic Components:** Cylinder rods, valve bodies (often surface hardened) ### **Construction & Mining** - **Wear Parts:** Bucket teeth, cutting edges (often hardened after fabrication) - **Ground Engaging Tools:** Ripper teeth, scarifier shanks - **Lifting Components:** Shackles, hooks, chain links (heat treated for critical applications) ## **9. Fabrication & Processing Notes** ### **Machining Recommendations** - **Tool Material:** Carbide or premium HSS with positive rake angles - **Cutting Speed:** 25-35 m/min for turning with carbide tools - **Feed Rate:** 0.15-0.25 mm/rev for roughing operations - **Depth of Cut:** 2-4 mm with rigid setups - **Coolant:** Sulfur-chlorinated oils recommended for improved tool life - **Surface Finish:** Achievable Ra 3.2-6.3 μm with proper techniques ### **Welding Procedures** - **Preheat Temperature:** 150-260°C (300-500°F) mandatory - **Interpass Temperature:** Maintain 150-260°C - **Filler Metals:** Low-hydrogen electrodes (E7018, E10018) or equivalent wires - **Post-Weld Heat Treatment:** Stress relieve at 590-650°C (1100-1200°F) - **Alternative:** Consider brazing or mechanical fastening for non-critical joints ### **Hot Working** - **Forging Temperature:** 1050-1150°C (1920-2100°F) start, finish above 850°C (1560°F) - **Reheating:** As required, avoid excessive grain growth - **Post-Forging:** Normalize or anneal to refine grain structure ### **Surface Preparation** - **Scale Removal:** Required for machining, welding, or painting - **Methods:** Shot blasting, pickling, or machining - **Clean Surface:** Reveals typical hot rolled surface with minor rolling marks ## **10. Quality Assurance** - **Chemical Analysis:** Ladle analysis provided with shipment - **Mechanical Testing:** Batch testing per ASTM A29 requirements - **Visual Inspection:** For surface defects, straightness - **Certification:** Mill test certificate per EN 10204 2.2 or equivalent - **Dimensions:** Verified against specified tolerances ## **11. Comparative Analysis** | Property | AISI 1060 Hot Rolled | AISI 1045 Hot Rolled | AISI 1095 Hot Rolled | |----------|----------------------|----------------------|----------------------| | **Carbon Content** | 0.60% | 0.45% | 0.95% | | **Tensile Strength** | 640-800 MPa | 570-700 MPa | 660-850 MPa | | **Hardness (HB)** | 179-229 | 163-207 | 201-255 | | **Machinability** | 55-60% | 65-70% | 40-45% | | **Weldability** | Poor-Fair | Fair-Good | Very Poor | ## **12. Storage & Handling** - **Storage Conditions:** Dry, covered storage preferred to minimize rusting - **Stacking:** Flat with spacers to prevent bending - **Handling:** Use proper lifting equipment to prevent surface damage - **Rust Prevention:** Light oil coating for extended storage --- **Disclaimer:** The properties and performance data provided are typical for AISI 1060 hot rolled round bars in the 19-32 mm diameter range. Actual properties may vary based on specific manufacturing practices, heat chemistry, and cooling conditions. This information is for general reference only and does not constitute a product specification or warranty. Users should conduct appropriate testing to verify suitability for specific applications. For critical applications, consultation with a qualified metallurgist is recommended. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1060 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4840 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1060 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1060 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1060 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1060 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1311 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition