AISI 1060 Steel, normalized

AISI 1060 Steel, normalized at 900°C (1650°F) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1060 Steel, normalized at 900°C (1650°F) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1060 Steel, normalized at 900°C (1650°F) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Technical Data Sheet: AISI 1060 Steel, Normalized at 900°C (1650°F)** ## **1. Product Overview** AISI 1060 steel normalized at 900°C (1650°F) represents a thermally processed medium-high carbon steel with optimized microstructure and mechanical properties. Normalization—a critical heat treatment involving austenitization followed by air cooling—refines the grain structure, homogenizes the material, and eliminates residual stresses from previous hot-working operations. This specific treatment at 900°C produces a fine, uniform lamellar pearlitic structure with enhanced strength, toughness, and dimensional stability compared to the as-rolled condition. The normalized state is particularly valuable as a reliable baseline condition for further machining, cold working, or as a preparatory step for final heat treatment. ## **2. International Standard Specifications** This product meets the specifications for normalized carbon steel bars under multiple international standards: | Standard System | Standard Number | Grade/Condition | |----------------|----------------|-----------------| | **ASTM (USA)** | ASTM A29/A29M | 1060, Normalized | | **ASTM (USA)** | ASTM A576 Gr. 1060 | Special Quality, Normalized | | **SAE (USA)** | SAE J403, J412 | 1060, Normalized | | **UNS (USA)** | G10600 | | | **EN (Europe)** | EN 10083-2 | C60 (1.0601), Normalized | | **ISO** | ISO 683-18 | Type C60E, Normalized | | **JIS (Japan)** | JIS G4051 | S58C, Normalized | *Note: While chemical composition remains within standard 1060 ranges, mechanical properties are guaranteed to meet normalized condition requirements.* ## **3. Chemical Composition (Weight %)** Normalization optimizes the mechanical properties derived from this controlled composition: | Element | Specification Range | Typical Value | Metallurgical Function in Normalized State | |---------|-------------------|---------------|------------------------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.55-0.65% | 0.60% | Forms fine pearlite colonies; primary determinant of strength and hardenability | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.60-0.90% | 0.75% | Enhances hardenability, refines pearlite spacing, increases strength | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15-0.35% | 0.22% | Solid solution strengthener, deoxidizer | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤0.040% | 0.015% | Controlled for ductility preservation | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤0.050% | 0.025% | Influences machinability | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Balance | Matrix material | *Trace elements: Cu ≤0.20%, Ni ≤0.20%, Cr ≤0.20%, Mo ≤0.10%* ## **4. Microstructural Characteristics** The 900°C normalization produces distinctive microstructural features: - **Primary Structure:** Fine, uniformly distributed lamellar pearlite (approximately 80-90% area fraction) - **Grain Boundary Network:** Thin, continuous ferrite boundaries surrounding pearlite colonies - **Prior Austenite Grain Size:** ASTM 6-8 (15-30 μm) - **Pearlite Interlamellar Spacing:** 0.15-0.25 μm - **Carbide Morphology:** Cementite plates within ferrite matrix (lamellar configuration) *This microstructure provides the optimal balance of strength and toughness for the carbon content.* ## **5. Mechanical Properties (Normalized at 900°C)** Properties are consistent across sections up to 75 mm (3 in) diameter due to the air-cooling normalization process: ### **5.1 Standard Mechanical Properties** | Property | Value Range | Typical | Test Standard | |----------|-------------|---------|---------------| | **Tensile Strength** | 690-850 MPa | 770 MPa | ASTM E8/E8M | | **Yield Strength (0.2% offset)** | 415-550 MPa | 485 MPa | ASTM E8/E8M | | **Elongation (in 50 mm)** | 12-18% | 15% | ASTM E8/E8M | | **Reduction of Area** | 30-45% | 38% | ASTM E8/E8M | | **Hardness (Brinell)** | 201-241 HB | 221 HB | ASTM E10 | | **Hardness (Rockwell)** | 95-102 HRB / 18-25 HRC | 99 HRB / 22 HRC | ASTM E18 | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 200-210 GPa | 205 GPa | - | | **Shear Modulus** | 78-82 GPa | 80 GPa | - | | **Poisson's Ratio** | 0.28-0.30 | 0.29 | - | ### **5.2 Impact & Fatigue Properties** | Property | Value | Conditions | |----------|-------|------------| | **Charpy V-Notch Impact** | 15-25 J @ 20°C | ASTM E23 | | **Fatigue Strength** | 280-330 MPa @ 10⁷ cycles | Rotating bending, polished specimen | | **Endurance Ratio** | 0.40-0.45 | (Fatigue Strength/Tensile Strength) | ## **6. Physical Properties** | Property | Value | Conditions | |----------|-------|------------| | **Density** | 7.85 g/cm³ | At 20°C | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 48.5 W/m·K | At 100°C | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 470 J/kg·K | At 20°C | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.0000160 Ω·m | At 20°C | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 11.6 μm/m·°C | 20-100°C | | **Magnetic Properties** | Ferromagnetic | All temperatures below Curie point | ## **7. Advantages of 900°C Normalization** - **Microstructural Homogeneity:** Eliminates banding and chemical segregation from rolling - **Grain Refinement:** Produces consistent ASTM 6-8 grain size throughout cross-section - **Stress Relief:** Removes 90-95% of residual stresses from previous processing - **Optimal Pearlite Formation:** 900°C provides complete austenitization without excessive grain growth - **Consistent Properties:** Uniform mechanical properties across bar diameter - **Machinability Enhancement:** More consistent than as-rolled structure, though harder than annealed - **Excellent Base for Further HT:** Ideal precondition for quenching and tempering ## **8. Heat Treatment Response** Normalized material responds predictably to subsequent thermal processing: | Subsequent Process | Parameters | Resulting Condition | |-------------------|------------|---------------------| | **Re-Normalization** | 870-900°C, air cool | Further grain refinement if required | | **Annealing** | 760-780°C, furnace cool | Softening for machining (165-190 HB) | | **Quenching** | 800-820°C, water/oil quench | Martensite formation (60-65 HRC) | | **Tempering** | 200-600°C after quenching | Desired hardness/toughness balance | | **Stress Relieving** | 550-600°C, air cool | Additional stress reduction | ## **9. Primary Applications** The normalized condition at 900°C is specified for applications requiring: ### **General Engineering Components** - **Gears and Sprockets:** As-machined blanks for subsequent hardening - **Shafts and Axles:** Where consistent strength throughout cross-section is critical - **Connecting Rods and Crankpins:** For medium-duty engines and machinery - **Machine Tool Components:** Slides, ways, and structural elements ### **Automotive and Transportation** - **Suspension Components:** Torsion bars, stabilizer links - **Powertrain Elements:** Transmission shafts, differential gears (pre-hardening) - **Chassis Parts:** Steering components, linkage arms ### **Industrial Equipment** - **Hydraulic Cylinder Rods:** Where surface hardening will be applied - **Rolling Mill Components:** Backup roll necks, guide elements - **Agricultural Machinery:** Implement arms, pivot shafts ### **Tooling and Fixtures** - **Die Blocks and Bases:** For stamping and forming dies - **Jigs and Fixtures:** Requiring dimensional stability - **Wear Plates and Guides:** For moderate abrasion resistance ## **10. Fabrication Characteristics** ### **Machinability** - **Machinability Rating:** 50-55% (relative to B1112 as 100%) - **Recommended Tools:** Carbide or premium HSS with positive rake - **Cutting Speeds:** 25-40 m/min for turning with carbide tools - **Surface Finish:** Achievable Ra 1.6-3.2 μm with proper techniques ### **Welding Considerations** - **Weldability Rating:** Poor to Fair (requires strict procedures) - **Preheat Temperature:** 200-300°C (400-570°F) minimum - **Interpass Temperature:** 200-300°C maintained - **Post-Weld Heat Treatment:** Stress relieve at 600-650°C mandatory - **Filler Metals:** Low-hydrogen electrodes (E7018, E10018) or equivalent wires ### **Forming and Bending** - **Cold Forming:** Limited to simple, gentle bends - **Hot Forming:** Recommended for significant deformation (900-1100°C) - **Minimum Bend Radius:** 2.5-3.0 × thickness for 90° bends ## **11. Quality Assurance & Testing** - **Heat Treatment Certification:** Full documentation of normalization cycle - **Mechanical Testing:** Batch testing per ASTM A29 requirements - **Microstructural Examination:** Grain size and structure verification available - **Hardness Testing:** Multiple point verification across cross-section - **Non-Destructive Testing:** UT, MPI available as specified ## **12. Comparative Analysis: Normalized vs. Other Conditions** | Condition | Tensile Strength | Hardness (HB) | Machinability | Dimensional Stability | |-----------|-----------------|---------------|---------------|----------------------| | **As-Rolled** | 620-790 MPa | 174-229 | 45-50% | Poor | | **Normalized (900°C)** | 690-850 MPa | 201-241 | 50-55% | Excellent | | **Annealed** | 490-620 MPa | 149-187 | 70-75% | Good | | **Quenched & Tempered** | 900-1200 MPa | 300-400 | 30-40% | Very Good | --- **Disclaimer:** The information provided represents typical values for AISI 1060 normalized at 900°C. Actual properties may vary based on specific chemical composition within the specified range, section size, and exact heat treatment parameters. For critical applications, users should conduct qualification testing or consult with the material supplier. This data sheet does not constitute a product warranty or guarantee of performance. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1060 Steel, normalized at 900°C (1650°F) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4838 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1060 Steel, normalized at 900°C (1650°F) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1060 Steel, normalized at 900°C (1650°F) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1060 Steel, normalized at 900°C (1650°F) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1060 Steel, normalized at 900°C (1650°F) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1309 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition