AISI 1065 Steel, hot rolled

AISI 1065 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1065 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1065 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: AISI 1065 Steel, Hot Rolled, 19-32mm (0.75-1.25 in) Round Bar** **AISI 1065, Hot Rolled** in the 19-32mm diameter range is an **ultra-high-carbon steel bar** supplied in its most fundamental and economical mill condition. This product is manufactured through conventional hot rolling above the steel's recrystallization temperature, followed by air cooling. It is characterized by a dark, scaled surface, standard commercial dimensional tolerances, and mechanical properties directly resulting from this thermomechanical processing. This form of AISI 1065 serves as the primary raw material for applications demanding the absolute highest potential hardness and wear resistance among standard AISI 10xx series carbon steels. It is the foundational feedstock for components that will undergo transformative secondary processes such as forging, heavy machining with substantial stock allowance, or full heat treatment to achieve its extreme performance characteristics. --- ## **1. Chemical Composition (Per AISI/SAE 1065 Standard)** The composition defines an ultra-high-carbon, non-alloyed steel engineered for maximum hardness. | Element | Carbon (C) | Manganese (Mn) | Phosphorus (P) | Sulfur (S) | **Key Characteristic** | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Content** | **0.60 - 0.70** | 0.60 - 0.90 | ≤ 0.040 | ≤ 0.050 | **Ultra-high-carbon steel, representing the peak of hardness potential in standard carbon grades.** | | **Role** | **Sole determinant of ultimate hardness, strength, and abrasive wear resistance.** | Enhances hardenability for deeper effective hardening. | Impurity; controlled to low levels. | Impurity; controlled to low levels. | A plain carbon steel without free-machining additives. | **Critical Features of the Composition:** * **Ultra-High Carbon Content (0.60-0.70%):** This is the defining attribute, positioning AISI 1065 at the functional upper limit of standard carbon steel grades. It provides the fundamental capacity for achieving extreme hardness (up to ~67-68 HRC as-quenched). * **Moderate Hardenability:** The manganese range provides sufficient hardenability for oil quenching of moderate sections. However, due to the very high carbon content, the risk of quench distortion and cracking is substantial, requiring meticulous process control. * **As-Rolled Microstructure:** The final structure consists of fine pearlite with significant pro-eutectoid cementite at grain boundaries, resulting in high as-supplied hardness but very limited ductility and poor machinability. --- ## **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties (Hot Rolled Condition)** Properties reflect the high-carbon, air-cooled condition and are typical for this size range. | Property | **Typical Value - Hot Rolled (19-32mm Dia.)** | **Technical Significance** | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Hardness** | **223 - 293 HB** (Approx. 97 HRB - 30 HRC) | **High as-supplied hardness**, providing good resistance to deformation but making machining extremely difficult. | | **Tensile Strength (Rm)** | **690 - 860 MPa (100 - 125 ksi)** | High baseline strength for structural applications. | | **Yield Strength (Rp0.2)** | **≥ 380 MPa (≥ 55 ksi)** | | | **Elongation (in 50mm / 2in)** | **≥ 10%** | **Low ductility**, characteristic of ultra-high-carbon steels. Sufficient only for hot forming operations like forging. | | **Surface Condition** | **Heavy, adherent blue-black mill scale.** Surface is rough, typically > 6.3 µm (250 µin) Ra. | The abrasive scale must be completely removed via machining, shot blasting, or pickling for any further processing. | | **Dimensional Tolerance** | Meets **ASTM A29/A29M** commercial tolerances for hot-wrought bars (e.g., ±0.4mm to ±0.5mm). | **Generous machining allowance (2-4mm per side) is mandatory** to achieve final dimensions and remove the decarburized surface layer. | | **Straightness** | Commercial straightness; unsuitable for precision applications without secondary straightening. | | | **Machinability** | **~40% of B1112.** **Extremely Poor.** The combination of very high hardness, abrasive mill scale, and a pearlitic/cementitic microstructure causes severe tool wear. It is **not intended for any meaningful machining in this state** without prior softening (full annealing or spheroidizing). | | | **Response to Heat Treatment** | Can serve as direct stock for **quenching & tempering** (with very high risk), **normalizing**, or **soft annealing**. | Primarily used as a starting point for tools and wear parts that will be fully heat treated. | --- ## **3. Product Applications** Hot-rolled AISI 1065 rounds are exclusively used as raw material for components that require ultimate hardness and are transformed through dedicated secondary processing. * **Forging Stock for High-Performance Tools:** Primary feedstock for **drop forging** of demanding hand tools (axes, mattocks, sledgehammers), agricultural implements, and industrial tool bodies. * **Blanks for Cutting & Wear Components:** **Blanks for industrial blades, shear knives, crusher parts, and wear liners** that will be softened, machined, and then through-hardened. * **High-Stress Spring Stock:** Used as raw material for **very high-stress coil or leaf springs** (e.g., for heavy-duty suspensions or industrial equipment) after appropriate heat treatment and forming. * **Wear Parts in Severe Service:** Base material for components in mining, quarrying, and earth-moving equipment subject to extreme abrasion. * **Specialty Automotive & Racing:** Used for low-volume, ultra-high-strength components like certain drivetrain parts, after precise heat treatment. --- ## **4. International & Equivalent Standards** AISI 1065 is a standard grade with close international equivalents. | Standard System | Equivalent Grade | **Governing Standard for Hot-Rolled Bars** | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **AISI / SAE (USA)** | **1065** | The defining grade standard. | | **ASTM A29/A29M** | **Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought** | **Primary standard for hot-rolled condition and tolerances.** | | **ASTM A576** | **Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality** | Used for applications requiring better internal soundness and homogeneity. | | **UNS** | G10650 | Unified Numbering System. | | **EN 10083-2** | **1.1231 (C70)** | Closest European equivalent (C: 0.67-0.75%). | | **JIS G4401** | **SK4 / SK3** | Japanese carbon tool steel equivalents (SK4: 0.60-0.70%C). | | **GB/T 699** | **65# / 70# Steel** | Chinese equivalents (65#: 0.62-0.70%C, 70#: 0.67-0.75%C). | **Key Distinction:** The product is **"AISI 1065, Hot Rolled, Round Bar per ASTM A29."** This specifies the most basic, cost-effective form of the material, distinct from processed conditions like spheroidized annealed or cold-drawn bars. Forging quality is often specified under **ASTM A668**. --- ## **5. Key Advantages & Considerations** **Advantages:** * **Lowest Cost Point for Maximum Hardness Potential:** The most economical entry point for steel capable of achieving the highest hardness in its class. * **Highest As-Supplied Strength & Hardness:** Offers the greatest baseline mechanical properties among commodity hot-rolled carbon steel bars. * **Ideal for Hot Working (Forging):** Excellent as feedstock for forging where the material will be reheated, making its current hardness irrelevant. * **Ultimate Performance Foundation:** Serves as the base material to achieve near-theoretical maximum hardness for carbon steels after expert heat treatment. **Considerations:** * **Effectively Unmachinable As-Supplied:** Requires an intermediate full anneal or spheroidize anneal before any precision machining can be contemplated. * **Severe Decarburization & Scale:** Necessitates deep stock removal to clean the surface, resulting in significant material waste. * **Extremely High Quench Cracking Sensitivity:** The ultra-high carbon content makes this grade notoriously prone to cracking during quenching. Heat treatment requires expert knowledge, often using interrupted quenches (martempering) and immediate tempering. * **Extreme Brittleness:** Possesses very low impact toughness in the as-rolled state and becomes profoundly brittle after hardening. **Not suitable for any application involving shock or impact loading.** --- **Disclaimer:** **AISI 1065 hot-rolled bar is a specialist raw material, not a finished product.** It is unsuitable for direct use in most applications. **Machining in this state will destroy cutting tools.** Always specify an **annealed or spheroidized annealed condition** for any machining operations. When ordering, use the full description: **AISI 1065, Hot Rolled, [Diameter]mm Round, per ASTM A29.** Engagement with a qualified metallurgist or heat treater is **strongly recommended before specifying this grade** to ensure the manufacturing and heat treatment chain is fully understood and viable. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1065 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5106 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1065 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1065 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1065 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1065 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1577 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition