AISI 1144 Steel, cold finished

AISI 1144 Steel, cold finished, 19-38 mm round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1144 Steel, cold finished, 19-38 mm round Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1144 Steel, cold finished, 19-38 mm round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Technical Data Sheet: AISI 1144 Cold Finished Steel Round Bar** **Product Designation:** AISI 1144 / SAE 1144 Cold Finished Steel **Process:** Cold Finishing (Drawing, Turning, or Grinding) **Size Range:** 19-38 mm (0.75-1.50 inch) Round Bar **Condition:** As-Cold Finished, No Additional Heat Treatment **Common Names:** Stressproof®, 1144 CF, Free-Machining Cold Finished --- ## **1. Overview** AISI 1144 cold finished steel represents a **precision-engineered manufacturing material** optimized for high-volume production of components requiring consistent mechanical properties and excellent machinability. The **cold finishing process**—encompassing cold drawing, precision turning, or grinding—transforms hot-rolled stock into dimensional accurate, surface-enhanced bars with improved mechanical properties through work hardening. In the 19-38 mm diameter range, this material achieves an optimal balance of **strength, machinability, and dimensional precision**, making it particularly suitable for automotive, machinery, and fastener applications. Unlike heat-treated steels, cold finished 1144 achieves its properties through controlled plastic deformation, resulting in predictable performance and minimal distortion during subsequent machining operations. ## **2. Chemical Composition (Weight %)** *Standard AISI 1144 composition optimized for cold finishing response.* | Element | Content Range (%) | Target Value (%) | Role in Cold Finished Condition | |---------|------------------|-----------------|---------------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.40 - 0.48 | 0.44 | Provides base strength and responds effectively to work hardening | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 1.35 - 1.65 | 1.50 | Essential for MnS formation, enhances work hardening response | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.35 | 0.25 | Deoxidizer, contributes to solid solution strengthening | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.040 | 0.025 | Controlled residual element | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.24 - 0.33 | 0.28 | **Critical:** Forms elongated MnS inclusions for exceptional chip control | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Balance | Matrix element | **Size-Specific Chemistry Considerations (19-38mm):** - **Uniform Response:** Chemistry optimized for consistent properties across the diameter range - **Surface-to-Core Uniformity:** Carbon and manganese levels ensure even work hardening - **Machinability Optimization:** Sulfur content balanced for chip control without excessive anisotropy ## **3. Physical Properties (Cold Finished Condition)** | Property | Value Range | Unit | Notes for 19-38mm Range | |----------|-------------|------|-------------------------| | **Density** | 7.87 | g/cm³ | Uniform across size range | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 200 - 205 | GPa | Consistent regardless of diameter | | **Shear Modulus** | 78 - 80 | GPa | 11.3 - 11.6 × 10⁶ psi | | **Poisson's Ratio** | 0.29 | - | Typical for carbon steels | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 46.0 - 47.0 | W/m·K | At 100°C | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 11.5 × 10⁻⁶ | /°C | 20-100°C range | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.19 - 0.21 | μΩ·m | At 20°C | | **Magnetic Properties** | Ferromagnetic | - | - | ## **4. Mechanical Properties (Cold Finished, 19-38mm)** *Properties vary slightly based on specific diameter and cold work amount* | Diameter Range | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Elongation | Hardness | Machinability | |----------------|------------------|----------------|------------|----------|---------------| | **19-25 mm** | 620 - 750 MPa | 515 - 620 MPa | 15-22% | 22-28 HRC | 85-90% | | **25-32 mm** | 600 - 720 MPa | 500 - 600 MPa | 16-23% | 21-27 HRC | 84-89% | | **32-38 mm** | 580 - 700 MPa | 485 - 585 MPa | 17-24% | 20-26 HRC | 83-88% | **Detailed Mechanical Properties:** | Property | 19-25 mm | 25-32 mm | 32-38 mm | Test Standard | |----------|----------|----------|----------|---------------| | **Tensile (MPa)** | 620-750 | 600-720 | 580-700 | ASTM E8/E8M | | **Yield (MPa)** | 515-620 | 500-600 | 485-585 | ASTM E8/E8M | | **Elongation (%)** | 15-22 | 16-23 | 17-24 | ASTM E8/E8M | | **Hardness (HRC)** | 22-28 | 21-27 | 20-26 | ASTM E18 | | **Impact (J)** | 25-40 | 27-42 | 28-44 | ASTM E23 | | **Fatigue (MPa)** | 280-340 | 290-350 | 300-360 | 10⁷ cycles | ## **5. Cold Finishing Processes** ### **Primary Methods for 19-38mm Range:** **1. Cold Drawing:** - **Process:** Pulling through carbide dies (10-20% area reduction) - **Benefits:** Improved surface finish, tight tolerances, work hardening - **Typical Surface:** Ra 1.6-3.2 μm **2. Precision Turning:** - **Process:** Turning to exact diameter with controlled feed - **Benefits:** Excellent concentricity, superior surface finish - **Typical Surface:** Ra 0.8-1.6 μm **3. Centerless Grinding:** - **Process:** Grinding to precise diameter with minimal stock removal - **Benefits:** Tightest tolerances, best surface finish - **Typical Surface:** Ra 0.4-0.8 μm ### **Process Selection Guide:** | Diameter | Preferred Process | Tolerance | Surface Finish | |----------|------------------|-----------|----------------| | **19-25 mm** | Cold Drawing | ±0.05 mm | Ra 1.6-3.2 μm | | **25-32 mm** | Cold Drawing/Turning | ±0.08 mm | Ra 0.8-2.5 μm | | **32-38 mm** | Turning/Grinding | ±0.10 mm | Ra 0.4-1.6 μm | ## **6. Key Characteristics & Advantages** ### **Size-Specific Advantages (19-38mm):** 1. **Optimal Strength-to-Weight Ratio:** Ideal section size for power transmission components 2. **Excellent Machinability Consistency:** Uniform chip control across diameter range 3. **Dimensional Precision:** Tight diameter control (±0.05-0.10mm typical) 4. **Surface Quality:** Enhanced surface finish reduces subsequent processing 5. **Straightness:** Typically ≤0.5mm per 300mm length ### **Comparative Advantages:** | Aspect | Hot Rolled 1144 | **Cold Finished 1144** | Heat Treated 1144 | |--------|-----------------|------------------------|-------------------| | **Dimensional Accuracy** | ±0.8-1.5mm | **±0.05-0.10mm** | ±0.3-0.6mm | | **Surface Finish** | Ra 12.5-25μm | **Ra 0.4-3.2μm** | Ra 3.2-6.3μm | | **Straightness** | ≤2mm/300mm | **≤0.5mm/300mm** | ≤1mm/300mm | | **Machinability** | 75-80% | **83-90%** | 80-85% | | **Lead Time** | Short | **Medium** | Long | ## **7. Applications** ### **Primary Applications by Diameter:** **19-25 mm Range:** - Automotive steering columns and shafts - Power tool drive shafts - Hydraulic piston rods - Fastener manufacturing stock - Agricultural equipment pins and bushings **25-32 mm Range:** - Machine tool lead screws - Pump and compressor shafts - Conveyor system rollers - Transmission components - Industrial gear shafts **32-38 mm Range:** - Heavy-duty axle shafts - Large hydraulic cylinders - Industrial roller bearings - Mining equipment components - Construction machinery pins ### **Industry-Specific Applications:** **Automotive Manufacturing:** - Driveshafts (intermediate sizes) - Suspension components - Brake system parts - Engine accessories **Industrial Machinery:** - Power transmission shafts - Spindle stock for machining - Linear motion components - Coupling and linkage parts **Fastener & Hardware:** - High-strength bolt stock - Special fastener production - Custom pin manufacturing - Precision dowel pins ## **8. International Standards & Equivalents** ### **Material Standards:** | Standard System | Designation | Specification | |----------------|-------------|---------------| | **AISI/SAE (USA)** | 1144 | SAE J403, J404 | | **ASTM (USA)** | **A108** | Standard for Steel Bars, Carbon, Cold-Finished | | **ASTM (USA)** | A29/A29M | General Requirements for Steel Bars | | **UNS (USA)** | G11440 | Unified Numbering System | | **ISO** | **ISO 683-18** | 44SMn28 | | **DIN (Germany)** | 1.0762 | 9SMn28 | | **JIS (Japan)** | SUM43 | Japanese equivalent | | **GB (China)** | Y40Mn | Chinese standard | ### **Dimensional Standards:** - **ISO 286-2:** ISO system of limits and fits - **ASTM A29:** Dimensional tolerances for steel bars - **DIN 1013:** Tolerances for bright steel bars ## **9. Quality Assurance & Testing** ### **Standard Testing Requirements:** 1. **Chemical Analysis:** Verify sulfur and manganese levels (critical for machinability) 2. **Mechanical Testing:** Tensile tests from each heat lot 3. **Dimensional Verification:** Diameter, roundness, straightness checks 4. **Surface Inspection:** Visual and roughness measurement 5. **Straightness Testing:** Per ASTM A108 requirements ### **Dimensional Tolerances (Typical):** | Parameter | 19-25 mm | 25-32 mm | 32-38 mm | Standard | |-----------|----------|----------|----------|----------| | **Diameter** | ±0.05 mm | ±0.08 mm | ±0.10 mm | h9/h10 | | **Out-of-Round** | ≤0.03 mm | ≤0.05 mm | ≤0.06 mm | - | | **Straightness** | 0.5mm/m | 0.5mm/m | 0.8mm/m | ASTM A108 | | **Surface Finish** | Ra 1.6-3.2μm | Ra 0.8-2.5μm | Ra 0.4-1.6μm | - | ### **Special Quality Features:** - **Decarb-Free Option:** Available for critical applications - **Special Straightness:** Can be supplied to ≤0.3mm/m for precision applications - **Enhanced Surface:** Special polishing available to Ra 0.2μm - **Certification:** Mill test certificates with full traceability ## **10. Design & Manufacturing Guidelines** ### **Design Considerations:** - **Anisotropic Properties:** Account for directional strength differences - **Stress Concentrations:** Avoid sharp corners in highly stressed areas - **Size Selection:** Choose diameter based on strength requirements, not just fit - **Surface Requirements:** Specify based on application needs ### **Machining Advantages (19-38mm Range):** 1. **Chip Control:** Excellent chip breaking due to MnS inclusions 2. **Tool Life:** 25-40% longer than conventional steels of similar strength 3. **Surface Finish:** Often achieves Ra 0.8-1.6μm in turning operations 4. **Dimensional Stability:** Minimal distortion during machining 5. **Power Requirements:** Lower than heat-treated steels ### **Processing Recommendations:** | Operation | 19-25 mm | 25-32 mm | 32-38 mm | |-----------|----------|----------|----------| | **Turning Speed** | 100-150 m/min | 90-130 m/min | 80-120 m/min | | **Feed Rate** | 0.15-0.25 mm/rev | 0.20-0.30 mm/rev | 0.25-0.35 mm/rev | | **Tool Material** | Carbide | Carbide | Carbide/HSS | | **Coolant** | Recommended | Required | Required | ### **Economic Advantages:** - **Reduced Machining Time:** Faster speeds and feeds possible - **Minimal Stock Removal:** Often only 0.1-0.3mm per side required - **Lower Tooling Costs:** Extended tool life reduces consumables - **Reduced Scrap:** Better dimensional control minimizes rework - **Inventory Benefits:** Standard sizes readily available ### **Limitations & Considerations:** - **Weldability:** Poor - not recommended for welded applications - **Maximum Service Temperature:** 150°C (300°F) - **Anisotropy:** Transverse properties ~60% of longitudinal - **Size Limitations:** Properties optimized for 19-38mm range --- **Technical Summary:** Cold finished AISI 1144 in the 19-38mm diameter range represents an ideal material solution for medium-sized components requiring a balance of strength, machinability, and dimensional precision. The cold finishing process enhances the inherent advantages of 1144 chemistry, creating a material that outperforms both hot-rolled and heat-treated alternatives for many applications. The specific size range addresses a critical market segment where dimensional control and manufacturing efficiency are paramount. **Size Selection Guidelines:** - **19-25mm:** Choose for high-precision, high-volume components - **25-32mm:** Ideal for general machinery and automotive applications - **32-38mm:** Best for heavy-duty industrial components **Industry Best Practices:** 1. **Order to Final Size:** Minimize machining by ordering close to finished dimensions 2. **Specify Surface Requirements:** Clearly define roughness and tolerance needs 3. **Consider Stress Relief:** For complex parts requiring maximum dimensional stability 4. **Verify Material Certification:** Ensure compliance with application requirements **Future Trends:** - **Industry 4.0 Integration:** Real-time quality monitoring during cold finishing - **Sustainable Processing:** Reduced energy consumption in cold finishing - **Advanced Coatings:** Enhanced corrosion resistance for outdoor applications - **Digital Twins:** Predictive models for machining performance **Technical Note on Cold Finishing Effects:** The cold finishing process introduces several beneficial changes: 1. **Surface Enhancement:** Smoothed surface reduces friction and wear 2. **Work Hardening:** Increased dislocation density improves strength 3. **Dimensional Accuracy:** Tighter tolerances reduce machining requirements 4. **Residual Stresses:** Controlled compressive stresses at surface **Disclaimer:** This technical data sheet provides typical values for cold finished AISI 1144 in the 19-38mm diameter range. Actual properties may vary based on specific cold finishing parameters, reduction amounts, and manufacturer practices. The material exhibits anisotropic properties that must be considered in design. For critical applications, consultation with material suppliers and prototype testing are recommended. Cold finished materials may exhibit springback during machining, which should be accounted for in process planning. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1144 Steel, cold finished, 19-38 mm round Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6155 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1144 Steel, cold finished, 19-38 mm round Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1144 Steel, cold finished, 19-38 mm round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1144 Steel, cold finished, 19-38 mm round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1144 Steel, cold finished, 19-38 mm round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2626 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition