AISI 4027 Steel, normalized

AISI 4027 Steel, normalized, 14 mm (0.55 in.) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 4027 Steel, normalized, 14 mm (0.55 in.) round Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 4027 Steel, normalized, 14 mm (0.55 in.) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Technical Data Sheet: AISI 4027 Alloy Steel, Normalized Condition** ## **14 mm (0.55 in.) Round Bar Product** ### **1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW** **AISI 4027 Normalized 14 mm Round Bar** is a **medium-carbon molybdenum alloy steel** supplied in a normalized condition, providing an optimal balance of strength, machinability, and dimensional stability for small-diameter precision components. The **14 mm (0.55 in.) diameter** is particularly suitable for small shafts, pins, and fasteners, while the **normalized condition** offers improved mechanical properties over annealed material while maintaining good workability. This condition represents an intermediate state that enhances strength without the distortion risks associated with quenching. --- ### **2. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD DESIGNATIONS** | Standard System | Designation | Equivalent Standard | Product Specification | |----------------|-------------|---------------------|-----------------------| | **UNS** | **G40270** | Unified Numbering System | Standard designation | | **AISI/SAE** | **4027** | SAE J404, J412 | Chemical composition | | **ASTM** | **A29/A29M** | Grade 4027, Normalized | Bar specification | | **ASTM A519** | **4027** | Seamless Mechanical Tubing | Tubular equivalent | | **EN (Europe)** | **28Mo4** | EN 10083-3 (1.7016) | European equivalent | | **DIN (Germany)** | **28Mo4** | DIN EN 10083-3 | German standard | | **JIS (Japan)** | **SCM425** (Similar) | JIS G4105 | Japanese chromium-molybdenum | | **ISO** | **Type 28Mo4** | ISO 683-11 | International standard | | **GB (China)** | **30Mo** | GB/T 3077 | Chinese equivalent | --- ### **3. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION SPECIFICATION** #### **Standard Composition Ranges (SAE J404)** | Element | Minimum (%) | Maximum (%) | Typical (%) | Function in Normalized State | |---------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-----------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.27 | Provides strength, responds well to normalization | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.70 | 0.90 | 0.80 | Enhances hardenability, grain refinement | | **Phosphorus (P)** | - | 0.035 | 0.020 | Residual (tightly controlled) | | **Sulfur (S)** | - | 0.040 | 0.025 | Controlled for optimal machinability | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 | 0.35 | 0.25 | Deoxidizer, contributes to strength | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.25 | Refines grain structure, improves toughness | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Balance | Balance | Base metal | #### **14 mm Diameter Specific Considerations** - **Grain Size**: ASTM 7-9 (fine-grained due to rapid cooling of small diameter) - **Microstructure**: Fine pearlite with ferrite network - **Uniformity**: Excellent through-section homogeneity - **Surface Quality**: Superior due to small diameter processing --- ### **4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (NORMALIZED CONDITION)** | Property | Value Range | Typical | Unit | Test Conditions | |----------|-------------|---------|------|-----------------| | **Density** | 7.84-7.86 | 7.85 | g/cm³ | At 20°C | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 46-49 | 47.5 | W/m·K | At 20°C | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 11.6-12.0 | 11.8 | μm/m·°C | 20-200°C | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 470-485 | 475 | J/kg·K | At 20°C | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.22-0.26 | 0.24 | μΩ·m | At 20°C | | **Magnetic Properties** | Ferromagnetic | - | - | Fully magnetic | #### **Thermal Properties for 14 mm Diameter** - **Cooling Rate during Normalizing**: ~50-100°C/min (air cooling) - **Heat Transfer**: Efficient due to high surface area to volume ratio - **Thermal Mass**: Low - responds quickly to temperature changes --- ### **5. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (NORMALIZED 14 mm ROUND)** #### **Guaranteed Minimum Properties** | Property | Minimum | Typical | Maximum | Unit | Test Standard | |----------|---------|---------|---------|------|---------------| | **Tensile Strength** | 620 | 660 | 700 | MPa | ASTM E8 | | **Yield Strength (Rp0.2)** | 410 | 450 | 490 | MPa | ASTM E8 | | **Elongation (A50mm)** | 18 | 21 | 24 | % | ASTM E8 | | **Reduction of Area** | 45 | 50 | 55 | % | ASTM E8 | | **Brinell Hardness** | 183 | 195 | 207 | HB | ASTM E10 | | **Rockwell Hardness** | 89 | 92 | 95 | HRB | ASTM E18 | #### **Properties by Position in 14 mm Cross-Section** | Location from Center | Hardness (HB) | Microstructure | |----------------------|---------------|----------------| | **Surface (0 mm)** | 193-197 | Fine pearlite + ferrite | | **Mid-Radius (3.5 mm)** | 194-198 | Uniform fine structure | | **Center (7 mm)** | 192-196 | Slightly coarser | #### **Directional Properties** | Orientation | Tensile Strength | Impact Energy | |-------------|-----------------|---------------| | **Longitudinal** | 100% | 100% | | **Transverse** | 98-102% | 85-95% | --- ### **6. DIMENSIONAL SPECIFICATIONS (14 mm ROUND)** #### **Precision Tolerances for Small Diameter** | Parameter | Tolerance | Standard | Application Class | |-----------|-----------|----------|-------------------| | **Diameter** | 14.00 ±0.11 mm | h11 | ISO 286-2 | | **High Precision Diameter** | 14.00 ±0.05 mm | h9 | Special order | | **Out-of-Roundness** | ≤0.03 mm | - | Maximum deviation | | **Straightness** | ≤0.8 mm/m | ASTM A29 | For 3m length | | **Surface Roughness** | Ra ≤ 2.5 μm | ISO 4288 | As-normalized | #### **14 mm Specific Features** - **Weight per Meter**: 1.21 kg/m - **Standard Lengths**: 3m, 4m, 6m (±5 mm tolerance) - **Cut Length Accuracy**: ±0.5 mm (precision cutting) - **End Condition**: Saw cut, deburred optional #### **Packaging for 14 mm Rounds** - **Bundle Configuration**: 100-500 kg bundles - **Protection**: VCI paper mandatory for small diameters - **Handling**: Special care to prevent bending damage - **Identification**: Color coding for grade identification --- ### **7. NORMALIZING PROCESS SPECIFICATION** #### **Normalizing Cycle for 14 mm Diameter** | Parameter | Value | Technical Rationale | |-----------|-------|---------------------| | **Heating Rate** | 200-300°C/hour | Fast, efficient for small diameter | | **Austenitizing Temperature** | 880-920°C | Above Ac₃ for complete transformation | | **Soaking Time** | 20-30 minutes | Sufficient for 14 mm section | | **Cooling Medium** | Still air | Standard normalizing practice | | **Cooling Rate** | ~80°C/minute | Typical for 14 mm in air | | **Final Structure** | Fine pearlite + ferrite | Optimal normalized microstructure | #### **Microstructural Requirements** - **Grain Size**: ASTM 7-9 (fine) - **Pearlite Content**: 65-75% - **Pearlite Spacing**: 0.15-0.25 μm - **Ferrite Distribution**: Continuous at grain boundaries - **Inclusion Rating**: ASTM E45 ≤1.0 --- ### **8. MACHINABILITY CHARACTERISTICS** #### **Machinability Ratings for Normalized Condition** - **Relative to B1112**: 55% (B1112 = 100%) - **Machinability Index**: 0.60 - **Specific Cutting Force**: 1800-2200 N/mm² - **Tool Life Factor**: 0.7-0.8 (compared to annealed) #### **Optimized Cutting Parameters for 14 mm Work** | Operation | Speed (m/min) | Feed (mm/rev) | Tool Recommendation | |-----------|---------------|---------------|---------------------| | **Turning** | 40-60 | 0.10-0.20 | Carbide C2-C3, sharp edges | | **Drilling** | 25-35 | 0.08-0.15 | HSS or cobalt drills | | **Milling** | 45-65 | 0.05-0.12 | 2-4 flute carbide end mills | | **Threading** | 8-15 | - | HSS ground thread tools | #### **Chip Characteristics for Small Diameter Work** - **Chip Type**: Short to medium breaking - **Chip Color**: Blue-violet (indicates proper cutting temperature) - **Surface Finish Capability**: Ra 1.6-3.2 μm easily achievable - **Dimensional Stability**: Excellent for precision parts --- ### **9. HEAT TREATMENT RESPONSE** #### **Response Characteristics for 14 mm Diameter** | Subsequent Treatment | Hardness Result | Dimensional Change | Special Considerations | |---------------------|-----------------|-------------------|------------------------| | **Quench & Temper** | 30-38 HRC | +0.15-0.25% | Excellent through-hardening | | **Induction Hardening** | 55-60 HRC case | Minimal | Ideal diameter for induction | | **Carburizing** | 58-62 HRC case | +0.2-0.4% | Good for small parts | | **Nitriding** | 65-70 HRN surface | Negligible | Excellent base material | #### **Recommended Heat Treatment Sequence** 1. **Normalized supplied condition** 2. **Machine to near-final dimensions** 3. **Stress relieve if heavy machining** (600°C, 1 hour) 4. **Final heat treatment** 5. **Finish grind if required** --- ### **10. PRIMARY APPLICATIONS (14 mm SIZE)** #### **Precision Mechanical Components** - **Small shafts and spindles** for instruments - **Precision pins and dowels** for alignment - **Fastener blanks** for high-strength small bolts - **Valve stems** for control and instrumentation valves #### **Automotive Applications** - **Fuel injection components** (pins, plungers) - **Transmission shift rods** and linkages - **Steering column components** - **Sensor shafts** and actuating rods #### **Industrial Equipment** - **Textile machinery shafts** - **Printing press rollers** and pins - **Small gear shafts** for reducers - **Pump shafts** for small centrifugal pumps #### **Specialized 14 mm Applications** - **Medical device components** (surgical instruments) - **Aerospace fasteners** and small structural pins - **Electromechanical actuators** - **Precision bearing journals** --- ### **11. FORMING & FABRICATION** #### **Cold Working Capabilities** | Process | Suitability | Technical Limits for 14 mm | |---------|-------------|----------------------------| | **Bending** | Good | Minimum radius: 3×D (42 mm) | | **Rolling** | Fair | Limited to gentle curves | | **Swaging** | Good | Up to 15% reduction possible | | **Thread Rolling** | Excellent | All standard and metric threads | | **Knurling** | Excellent | Fine diamond pattern recommended | #### **Hot Working Considerations** - **Forging Temperature**: 1150-900°C - **Normalize after forging**: Required to restore properties - **Precision forging**: Suitable for small components --- ### **12. QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR 14 mm PRODUCT** #### **Mandatory Testing** | Test | Frequency | Acceptance Criteria | Method | |------|-----------|-------------------|--------| | **Hardness Test** | Each bundle | 183-207 HB | Brinell or Rockwell | | **Dimensional Check** | 10% minimum | h11 tolerance | Micrometer | | **Surface Inspection** | 100% visual | No defects >0.1 mm | Magnification 10× | | **Straightness** | Sample | ≤0.8 mm/m | Roll test | #### **Additional Quality Features** - **Ultrasonic Testing**: Available for critical applications - **Magnetic Particle**: For surface defect detection - **Statistical Process Control**: Dimensional data provided - **Traceability**: Complete from melt to finished bar --- ### **13. STORAGE & HANDLING OF 14 mm ROUNDS** #### **Special Handling Requirements** - **Storage**: Vertical racks preferred to prevent bending - **Environmental Control**: Humidity <60% to prevent corrosion - **Transportation**: Secured bundles, no heavy stacking - **Lifting**: Use spreader bars for even weight distribution #### **Corrosion Prevention** - **Short-term**: VCI paper provides 3-6 months protection - **Medium-term**: Light oil coating for 6-12 months - **Long-term**: Cosmoline or equivalent for >1 year --- ### **14. COST & PROCUREMENT** #### **Economic Factors for 14 mm Diameter** - **Price Basis**: Typically per kilogram, premium for small diameter - **Minimum Order Quantity**: 50 kg for standard, 100 kg for special - **Lead Time**: 2-3 weeks ex-stock, 4-6 weeks production - **Volume Pricing**: Available at 500 kg, 1000 kg, 5000 kg levels #### **Value Advantages** - **Reduced Machining**: Near-net shape reduces material waste - **Consistent Properties**: Normalized condition ensures uniformity - **Heat Treatment Ready**: Optimal condition for further processing - **Precision Applications**: Ideal for high-accuracy components --- ### **15. TECHNICAL SUMMARY** **AISI 4027 Normalized 14 mm Round Bar** is a **precision-engineered material** specifically optimized for: 1. **Small-diameter components** requiring strength and precision 2. **Applications where normalized properties** provide optimal performance 3. **Parts requiring subsequent heat treatment** or surface hardening 4. **High-volume production** of consistent quality components **Key Technical Advantages for 14 mm Diameter:** 1. **Superior Microstructure**: Fine-grained due to rapid cooling 2. **Excellent Uniformity**: Consistent properties through cross-section 3. **Optimal Hardness**: Balanced for machining and strength 4. **Dimensional Precision**: Tight tolerances achievable **Recommended Applications Priority:** - **Primary**: Small shafts, pins, fasteners requiring strength - **Secondary**: Components needing subsequent heat treatment - **Tertiary**: Precision parts where material consistency is critical **Comparison with Other Conditions:** - **vs. Annealed**: 15-20% higher strength, slightly lower machinability - **vs. Quenched & Tempered**: Lower hardness, better machinability, no distortion risk - **vs. As-rolled**: More consistent properties, refined grain structure --- **Technical Notes for Design Engineers:** 1. **Allow for heat treatment growth** if further processing planned 2. **Consider grain flow direction** for critical stress applications 3. **Specify straightness requirements** for long slender parts 4. **Account for machining allowances** based on precision needs **Safety & Environmental:** - **Standard steel handling** procedures apply - **Recyclable** as alloy steel scrap - **Compliant** with RoHS, REACH regulations --- **Disclaimer**: Properties are typical for normalized 14 mm diameter material. Actual performance may vary based on specific manufacturing conditions and application requirements. Testing recommended for critical applications. **References**: - SAE J404: Chemical Compositions of SAE Alloy Steels - ASTM A29/A29M: Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy - ISO 286-2: ISO system of limits and fits **Document Control**: - Version: 2.1 - Issue Date: October 2023 - Application: 14 mm Normalized Round Bar Specification - Next Review: October 2024 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 4027 Steel, normalized, 14 mm (0.55 in.) round Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5558 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 4027 Steel, normalized, 14 mm (0.55 in.) round Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 4027 Steel, normalized, 14 mm (0.55 in.) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 4027 Steel, normalized, 14 mm (0.55 in.) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 4027 Steel, normalized, 14 mm (0.55 in.) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2029 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition