2000 Maraging Steel

2000 Maraging Steel Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: 2000 Maraging Steel Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

2000 Maraging Steel Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # 2000 Maraging Steel (18Ni-2000 MPa Grade) ## **Overview** **2000 Maraging Steel** (commonly designated as **18Ni-2000** or **Grade 2000**) is a premium, ultra-high-strength, low-carbon martensitic steel belonging to the **18% Nickel Maraging Steel** family. It is engineered to achieve a nominal yield strength of **approximately 2000 MPa (290 ksi)** after standard precipitation hardening. This grade sits at the **performance crossroads** of the maraging steel family, offering a **compelling balance of exceptional strength and respectable fracture toughness**, making it one of the most widely utilized grades for critical aerospace and defense applications where the ultimate strength of 2500/300 grades is not required, but performance far exceeds that of conventional high-strength steels. --- ## **Chemical Composition (Weight %)** | Element | Min (%) | Max (%) | Typical (%) | Metallurgical Function | |---------|---------|---------|-------------|------------------------| | **Nickel (Ni)** | 18.0 | 19.0 | 18.5 | Forms the tough, ductile lath martensite matrix, providing intrinsic toughness. | | **Cobalt (Co)** | 8.0 | 9.5 | 9.0 | Key element to reduce the solubility of Mo in martensite, dramatically increasing the driving force for precipitation and strength. | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 4.5 | 5.2 | 4.9 | Primary precipitation hardener; forms fine, coherent Ni₃Mo intermetallic particles. | | **Titanium (Ti)** | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.65 | Secondary but critical precipitation hardener; forms Ni₃Ti precipitates. | | **Aluminum (Al)** | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.10 | Deoxidizer; contributes to grain refinement and minor precipitation. | | **Carbon (C)** | — | 0.03 | ≤0.01 | Kept at ultra-low levels to maximize toughness and weldability. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | — | 0.10 | 0.05 | Residual element, tightly controlled. | | **Silicon (Si)** | — | 0.10 | 0.05 | Residual element, tightly controlled. | | **Boron (B)** | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.004 | Enhances hardenability and strengthens grain boundaries. | | **Zirconium (Zr)** | — | 0.02 | 0.01 | Powerful grain refiner; improves toughness. | | **Sulfur (S)** | — | 0.01 | ≤0.005 | Impurity, minimized to improve ductility and transverse properties. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | — | 0.01 | ≤0.005 | Impurity, minimized to prevent embrittlement. | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | — | — | Base element. | *Note: The precise balance of Co, Mo, and Ti is proprietary and optimized by manufacturers to hit the 2000 MPa yield strength target with an optimal toughness profile.* --- ## **Standard Heat Treatment Cycle** 1. **Solution Annealing:** * **Temperature:** 815°C ± 10°C (1500°F) * **Time:** 1 hour per inch of thickness (minimum 1 hour) * **Cooling:** **Air Cool** (or forced air quench). * **Resulting Condition:** Soft martensite with hardness ~30 HRC, ideal for machining and forming. 2. **Aging (Precipitation Hardening):** * **Temperature:** 480°C ± 5°C (900°F) * **Time:** 3 hours (standard for sections up to ~25mm) * **Cooling:** **Air Cool**. * **Resulting Condition:** Peak-aged condition with ultra-high strength and good toughness. --- ## **Mechanical Properties (Peak-Aged Condition - Longitudinal)** *Typical guaranteed minimum or average values.* | Property | Value Range | Typical / Minimum | Test Standard | |----------|-------------|-------------------|---------------| | **0.2% Yield Strength (YS)** | 1950 - 2050 MPa | **2000 MPa (290 ksi)** | ASTM E8 | | **Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)** | 2050 - 2150 MPa | **2100 MPa (305 ksi)** | ASTM E8 | | **Elongation (in 50 mm)** | 10 - 12% | 11% | ASTM E8 | | **Reduction of Area (RA)** | 50 - 60% | 55% | ASTM E8 | | **Hardness** | 50 - 54 HRC | 52 HRC | ASTM E18 | | **Fracture Toughness (K_IC)** | **75 - 95 MPa√m** | **85 MPa√m** | ASTM E399 | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 185 - 190 GPa | 187 GPa | ASTM E111 | | **Fatigue Strength (10⁷ cycles, R=0.1)** | 620 - 700 MPa | 650 MPa | ASTM E466 | **Key Performance Balance:** The **~2000 MPa YS combined with ~85 MPa√m K_IC** represents the hallmark of this grade, offering a superior **strength-toughness product** compared to both higher and lower-strength maraging steels. --- ## **Physical Properties (Aged Condition)** | Property | Value (at 20°C) | |----------|------------------| | **Density** | 8.01 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³) | | **Melting Range** | 1410 - 1440°C (2570 - 2625°F) | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 19 - 20 W/m·K | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (20-100°C)** | 10.5 x 10⁻⁶ /°C | | **Specific Heat** | 460 J/kg·K | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.60 μΩ·m | | **Magnetic Properties** | Ferromagnetic | --- ## **Key Characteristics & Advantages** * **Optimal Strength/Toughness Synergy:** Arguably the best overall balance in the maraging steel family for most high-performance applications. * **Excellent Damage Tolerance:** High fracture toughness allows for damage-tolerant design philosophies, providing a safety margin against unforeseen flaws or impacts. * **Good Fabricability (in Annealed State):** Can be readily machined, formed, and welded in the solution-annealed condition. * **Dimensional Stability:** Minimal and predictable growth (~0.05%) during aging, allowing for precision manufacturing. * **Superior Strength-to-Weight Ratio:** Enables significant weight savings in structural components compared to lower-strength alloys. * **Good Weldability:** With proper procedure and post-weld heat treatment, sound welds can be achieved. --- ## **International Standards & Common Designations** This is one of the most standardized grades within the maraging family. | Standard/System | Designation | Title / Notes | |----------------|-------------|---------------| | **Aerospace Material Spec (AMS)** | **AMS 6521** | *Steel Bars, Forgings, and Tubing 18.5Ni-9.0Co-4.9Mo-0.65Ti (Maraging 300)* - This is the **primary governing specification** for the 2000 MPa grade. The "300" in the title refers to the ultimate tensile strength in ksi (300 ksi ≈ 2070 MPa). | | **ASTM International** | **ASTM A538 Grade B** | *Precipitation-Hardening Alloy Steel Bar, Forging, and Forging Stock for High-Strength Service.* Commonly references the 2000 MPa strength level. | | **Unified Numbering System (UNS)** | **K92890** | Standard designation for 18Ni maraging steels. | | **Proprietary/Trade Names** | **VascoMax 300, Marval M18-300, 18Ni(300)** | Industry common names. **Note:** The terms "300" and "2000" are often used interchangeably, with "300" (ksi UTS) being more common in the US and "2000" (MPa YS) elsewhere. | | **Military Standard** | **MIL-S-46850** | Covers maraging steels including this grade. | --- ## **Typical Applications** **2000 Maraging Steel** is the **go-to material** for a vast range of critical, weight-sensitive structural applications across aerospace, defense, and high-performance industries. * **Aerospace (Primary Application):** * **Rocket and Missile Motor Casings** (both solid and liquid fuel). * **Aircraft Landing Gear Components:** Critical forgings for main struts, pistons, and truck beams in commercial and military aircraft. * **Helicopter Rotor Hubs, Flexbeams, and Drive Shafts.** * **Satellite and Spacecraft Structural Components,** fittings, and deployment mechanisms. * **Defense & Ordnance:** * **Gun Barrel Components** (chambers, breeches). * **Armor Penetrator Components.** * **High-Strength Fasteners** for critical assemblies. * **Tooling & Industrial:** * **High-Performance Plastic Injection Molds** for demanding applications (e.g., automotive, electronics). * **Die-Casting Cores and Inserts** for aluminum and magnesium. * **Extrusion Dies** for titanium and other hard alloys. * **Precision Shafts, Gears, and Bearings** in high-load machinery. * **High-Performance Automotive & Racing:** * **Formula 1 and Top-Fuel Dragster Connecting Rods.** * **High-Stress Suspension and Drivetrain Components.** --- ## **Fabrication & Processing Guidelines** * **Machining:** Perform all heavy and complex machining in the **solution-annealed** condition for optimal tool life and surface finish. Machining in the aged condition is difficult and requires CBN or premium carbide tooling. * **Forming:** All significant forming (bending, forging) must be completed in the annealed state. * **Welding:** Use Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW/TIG) with a matching filler metal (e.g., ER18Ni). **Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)** is **essential** for critical applications and consists of a full re-solution anneal followed by aging. * **Heat Treatment:** The final aging process is simple but requires precise temperature control (±5°C) for consistent properties. * **Corrosion Protection:** **Not stainless.** Requires protective coatings such as **electroless nickel, cadmium plating, or specialized paint systems** for service in any corrosive environment. Plated components require baking to avoid hydrogen embrittlement. --- ## **Summary** **2000 Maraging Steel** (18Ni-2000/300) is the **quintessential high-performance engineering material**. It delivers an unparalleled combination of **extreme strength, good fracture toughness, and reliable manufacturability**. Its well-documented properties, extensive service history, and coverage under major aerospace standards (like AMS 6521) make it the **default choice** for engineers when designing ultra-high-strength, lightweight, and reliable structures. It successfully bridges the gap between theoretical material potential and practical engineering application, solidifying its status as a cornerstone material in advanced aerospace and defense technology. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: 2000 Maraging Steel Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <7358 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: 2000 Maraging Steel Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of 2000 Maraging Steel -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers 2000 Maraging Steel -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of 2000 Maraging Steel -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3829 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition