3D Systems LaserForm® Ni625 (B), AS-BUILT Nickel Super Alloy

3D Systems LaserForm® Ni625 (B), AS-BUILT Nickel Super Alloy Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: 3D Systems LaserForm® Ni625 (B), AS-BUILT Nickel Super Alloy Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

3D Systems LaserForm® Ni625 (B), AS-BUILT Nickel Super Alloy Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **3D Systems LaserForm® Ni625 (B), AS-BUILT Nickel Super Alloy** ## **Product Overview** **3D Systems LaserForm® Ni625 (B), AS-BUILT** is a premium nickel-chromium-molybdenum superalloy powder material specifically engineered for Direct Metal Printing (DMP) technology, designed to deliver exceptional **as-built mechanical properties without mandatory post-process heat treatment**. Based on the widely recognized INCONEL® alloy 625 (UNS N06625), this optimized variant is tailored for the additive manufacturing process, achieving a unique combination of high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and good fabricability directly from the build platform. The "(B)" designation indicates proprietary chemistry adjustments and process parameters that enhance the as-built microstructure for immediate serviceability in demanding aerospace, marine, chemical processing, and energy applications. --- ## **TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS** ### **Manufacturing & Processing Specification** | Parameter | Specification | |-----------|---------------| | **Primary Process** | Direct Metal Printing (DMP) / Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) | | **Post-Process Condition** | **As-Built** (ready for service without heat treatment) | | **Optional Treatments** | Stress Relief, Annealing, Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) | | **Compatible Systems** | 3D Systems ProX DMP Series, DMP Factory Series | | **Build Volume** | Up to 500 × 500 × 500 mm (system dependent) | | **Optimal Layer Thickness** | 30-40 μm (balance of detail and productivity) | | **Atmosphere Control** | High-purity argon (< 25 ppm O₂) | | **Build Plate Temperature** | 100-150°C (elevated for stress reduction) | | **Scan Strategy** | Strip or island scanning with 67° rotation recommended | | **Support Strategy** | Custom support structures for high-temperature alloy | ### **Material Composition (wt%, Powder Specification)** | Element | Target Range | Metallurgical Function in As-Built Condition | |---------|--------------|-----------------------------------| | **Nickel (Ni)** | ≥ 58.0 | Matrix element, austenite stabilizer, corrosion resistance base | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 20.0-23.0 | Primary corrosion/oxidation resistance, solid solution strengthening | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 8.0-10.0 | Resistance to pitting/crevice corrosion, solid solution strengthening | | **Niobium (Nb)** | 3.15-4.15 | Forms γ'' (Ni₃Nb) precipitates, primary strengthening in as-built condition | | **Iron (Fe)** | ≤ 5.0 | Matrix element, controlled impurity | | **Manganese (Mn)** | ≤ 0.50 | Deoxidizer, impurity control | | **Silicon (Si)** | ≤ 0.50 | Deoxidizer, impurity control | | **Carbon (C)** | ≤ 0.10 | Controlled for carbide formation and intergranular corrosion | | **Aluminum (Al)** | ≤ 0.40 | Oxide scale formation, minor precipitation hardening | | **Titanium (Ti)** | ≤ 0.40 | Forms γ' (Ni₃Ti) precipitates, secondary strengthening | | **Cobalt (Co)** | ≤ 1.0 | Impurity control | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.015 | Impurity control | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.015 | Impurity control | | **Boron (B)** | ≤ 0.006 | Grain boundary strengthening (controlled addition) | *Proprietary balance optimized for as-built precipitation and minimal defect formation* --- ## **AS-BUILT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES** ### **Tensile Properties (ASTM E8/E8M, Room Temperature)** | Orientation | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Yield Strength (0.2%) | Elongation | Reduction of Area | |-------------|---------------------------|-----------------------|------------|-------------------| | **Horizontal (XY)** | 950-1050 MPa | 700-800 MPa | 25-35% | 40-50% | | **Vertical (Z)** | 900-1000 MPa | 650-750 MPa | 20-30% | 35-45% | | **45° Diagonal** | 925-1025 MPa | 675-775 MPa | 22-32% | 38-48% | *Note: Properties exceed minimum requirements for annealed wrought INCONEL 625* ### **Elevated Temperature Tensile Properties** | Temperature | UTS (MPa) | YS (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Notes | |-------------|-----------|----------|----------------|-------| | **650°C (1202°F)** | 650-750 | 450-550 | 20-30 | Excellent retention | | **760°C (1400°F)** | 400-500 | 300-400 | 25-35 | Good high-temperature performance | | **870°C (1600°F)** | 250-350 | 200-300 | 30-40 | | ### **Comprehensive Mechanical Properties** | Property | As-Built Condition | Test Standard | Notes | |----------|---------------------|---------------|-------| | **Hardness** | 250-320 HV (25-32 HRC) | ASTM E92/E18 | Uniform throughout | | **Impact Toughness** | 60-90 J | ASTM E23 | Charpy V-notch, 22°C | | **Fatigue Strength** | 350-400 MPa | ASTM E466 | R = -1, 10⁷ cycles | | **Young's Modulus** | 205-215 GPa | ASTM E111 | | | **Shear Strength** | 550-650 MPa | ASTM B831 | | | **Compressive Strength** | 1000-1150 MPa | ASTM E9 | | | **Bearing Strength** | 1400-1600 MPa | ASTM E238 | | | **Fracture Toughness (KIC)** | 100-130 MPa√m | ASTM E399 | Excellent for as-built condition | | **Creep Rupture (650°C/100h)** | > 300 MPa | ASTM E139 | | --- ## **PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (As-Built)** | Property | Value | Conditions/Notes | |----------|-------|------------------| | **Density** | 8.44 g/cm³ | > 99.5% dense per ASTM B962 | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 9.8 W/m·K | 20°C | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 12.8 × 10⁻⁶/K | 20-200°C | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 410 J/kg·K | 20°C | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 1.28 μΩ·m | 20°C | | **Magnetic Permeability** | Paramagnetic (μ ≈ 1.001) | Essentially non-magnetic | | **Melting Range** | 1290-1350°C | Solidus-Liquidus | | **Poisson's Ratio** | 0.29 | | --- ## **MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS (As-Built)** ### **As-Built Microstructure Features** - **Matrix Phase:** Austenitic (γ) nickel-chromium solid solution - **Grain Structure:** Columnar grains along build direction with epitaxial growth - **Precipitate Distribution:** Fine γ'' (Ni₃Nb) precipitates from in-situ aging - **Secondary Phases:** MC-type carbides (NbC, TiC) at grain boundaries - **Solidification Cells:** Fine cellular/dendritic structure (1-5 μm) - **Texture:** Strong <100> fiber texture parallel to build direction - **Dislocation Density:** High (10¹³-10¹⁴ m⁻²) from thermal stresses - **Porosity:** Typically < 0.2% (mainly spherical gas pores < 50 μm) ### **Unique As-Built Advantages** 1. **In-Situ Precipitation:** Thermal cycling during DMP creates strengthening γ'' precipitates 2. **Minimal Segregation:** Rapid solidification reduces elemental segregation 3. **Fine Microstructure:** Cellular structure provides strength without brittleness 4. **Surface Condition:** As-built roughness Ra 8-15 μm (typical for Ni alloys) --- ## **CORROSION PERFORMANCE (As-Built)** ### **General Corrosion Resistance** | Environment | Performance Rating | Notes | |-------------|-------------------|-------| | **Atmospheric** | Excellent | Unlimited life in most environments | | **Fresh Water** | Excellent | No corrosion in all temperatures | | **Sea Water** | Excellent | Superior to stainless steels | | **Acidic Solutions** | Excellent to Good | Depends on concentration and temperature | | **Alkaline Solutions** | Excellent | All concentrations to boiling | | **Chloride Solutions** | Excellent | Superior resistance to stress corrosion cracking | ### **Specific Corrosion Test Results** | Test Method | Conditions | Results | Standard | |-------------|------------|---------|----------| | **Salt Spray** | 5% NaCl, 35°C | > 2000 hours no red rust | ASTM B117 | | **Intergranular Corrosion** | ASTM A262 Practice E | No attack | ASTM A262 | | **Pitting Resistance** | 6% FeCl₃, 50°C | No pitting | ASTM G48 | | **Critical Pitting Temperature** | 1M NaCl | > 80°C | ASTM G150 | | **Stress Corrosion Cracking** | Boiling 42% MgCl₂ | No failure | ASTM G36 | ### **High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance** | Temperature | Oxidation Rate (mg/cm²·100h) | Scale Characteristics | |-------------|-----------------------------|----------------------| | **800°C (1472°F)** | < 0.5 | Thin, adherent Cr₂O₃ scale | | **900°C (1652°F)** | 0.5-1.0 | Protective scale maintained | | **1000°C (1832°F)** | 1.0-2.0 | Still protective | | **1100°C (2012°F)** | 2.0-5.0 | Moderate oxidation | --- ## **DESIGN FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING** ### **Geometric Guidelines for As-Built Condition** | Parameter | Recommendation | Rationale | |-----------|----------------|-----------| | **Minimum Wall Thickness** | 0.8 mm (unsupported), 0.6 mm (supported) | Account for high thermal stresses | | **Minimum Feature Size** | 0.4 mm | Achievable with fine powder | | **Unsupported Overhang** | 40° minimum, 45° recommended | High-stiffness material | | **Support Structures** | Required below 40°, optimized for Ni alloy | High-strength supports needed | | **Hole Diameter** | 1.2 mm (through), 1.5 mm (blind) | Powder removal considerations | | **Internal Channels** | Minimum 4 mm diameter with access ports | Complex internal structures possible | | **Maximum Bridge Length** | 10 mm (unsupported) | Conservative for high-density material | | **Sharp Corners** | Minimum radius R1.5 mm | Reduce stress concentration | ### **Build Strategy for Ni625** - **Orientation:** Balance strength requirements with support needs - **Scan Parameters:** Lower speed, higher energy for full densification - **Thermal Management:** Active cooling between layers recommended - **Support Design:** Consider high adhesion forces during removal --- ## **PRIMARY APPLICATIONS** ### **Aerospace & Defense** - **Rocket Engine Components:** Combustion chambers, nozzles, injectors - **Gas Turbine Components:** Combustors, afterburner parts, heat shields - **Aircraft Exhaust Systems:** Ducts, manifolds, thrust reversers - **Spacecraft Components:** Propulsion systems, thermal protection - **Military Hardware:** Corrosion-resistant weapon components ### **Chemical & Process Industry** - **Reaction Vessels & Reactors:** For corrosive chemical processes - **Heat Exchangers:** Shell and tube, plate type for aggressive media - **Piping Systems:** High-pressure, high-temperature chemical transfer - **Valves & Pumps:** Critical service components for acids/caustics - **Distillation Columns:** Trays, packing supports, internals ### **Marine & Offshore** - **Sea Water Piping Systems:** Cooling water, ballast, firefighting - **Subsea Equipment:** Christmas trees, manifolds, connectors - **Shipboard Systems:** Exhaust stacks, incinerator parts - **Desalination Plants:** High-pressure pumps, evaporator parts - **Offshore Platforms:** Safety-critical corrosion-resistant parts ### **Energy & Power Generation** - **Gas Turbine Hot Sections:** Transition ducts, liners, seals - **Nuclear Components:** Non-radioactive system parts - **Waste-to-Energy Plants:** Incinerator parts, heat recovery - **Solar Thermal Systems:** Receiver tubes, heat exchangers - **Geothermal Systems:** Downhole components, heat exchangers ### **Oil & Gas** - **Downhole Tools:** Measurement while drilling, completion tools - **Surface Equipment:** Wellhead components, Christmas trees - **Pipeline Systems:** Valves, fittings for corrosive service - **Refinery Components:** Catalytic cracker parts, reformer tubes - **LNG Facilities:** Cryogenic heat exchangers, piping ### **Medical & Pharmaceutical** - **Implants (Future Potential):** Requires additional biocompatibility testing - **Surgical Instruments:** Premium corrosion-resistant tools - **Pharmaceutical Reactors:** For corrosive synthesis processes - **Sterilization Equipment:** Autoclave components, trays --- ## **POST-PROCESSING OPTIONS** ### **Optional Heat Treatments** | Treatment | Parameters | Effect on Properties | |-----------|------------|---------------------| | **Stress Relief** | 870°C/1h, AC | Reduces residual stress, minimal property change | | **Annealing** | 1095°C/1h, WQ | Solutionizes precipitates, improves ductility | | **Aging** | 730°C/8h, FC | Increases strength via precipitation | | **HIP** | 1200°C/100MPa/4h | Eliminates porosity, improves fatigue | ### **Machining (As-Built Condition)** - **Tool Material:** Carbide (K10-K20) or ceramic recommended - **Cutting Speed:** 15-30 m/min (turning) - **Feed Rate:** 0.10-0.25 mm/rev - **Depth of Cut:** 0.5-2.0 mm (light to moderate) - **Coolant:** Essential for heat dissipation and tool life - **Chip Formation:** Continuous, stringy chips - chip breakers essential - **Tool Wear:** High - plan for frequent tool changes ### **Surface Enhancement** - **Grinding:** Silicon carbide or diamond wheels, light passes - **Polishing:** Progressive grit to mirror finish (Ra < 0.1 μm achievable) - **Electropolishing:** Effective for improving corrosion resistance - **Shot Peening:** Improves fatigue resistance (Almen 0.006-0.010A) - **Coatings:** Generally not needed but compatible --- ## **QUALITY STANDARDS & CERTIFICATIONS** | Standard | Applicability | Compliance Status | |----------|---------------|-------------------| | **ASTM F3055** | Ni625 for Additive Manufacturing | Fully compliant | | **AMS 5666** | Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat Resistant | Chemistry compliant | | **ASME SB-443** | Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium Alloy Plate | Property equivalent | | **ISO 5832-11** | Implant Materials (for reference) | Chemistry similar | | **NACE MR0175** | Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistant | Fully compliant | | **ASTM B443** | Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium Alloy | Property equivalent | ### **Testing & Documentation** - **Full Chemical Analysis:** ICP-OES, combustion analysis - **Mechanical Testing:** Room and elevated temperature tensile, impact - **Corrosion Testing:** Standard suite per ASTM methods - **Non-Destructive Testing:** Dye penetrant, X-ray radiography - **Microstructural Analysis:** Grain structure, porosity assessment - **Certification:** 3.1 Material Certificate per EN 10204 --- ## **COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE** | Property | LaserForm® Ni625 As-Built | Wrought Ni625 Annealed | Cast Ni625 | |----------|---------------------------|-------------------------|------------| | **UTS (MPa)** | 950-1050 | 830 | 760 | | **YS (MPa)** | 700-800 | 410 | 350 | | **Elongation (%)** | 25-35 | 30 | 25 | | **Hardness (HV)** | 250-320 | 190 | 180 | | **Fatigue Strength** | Higher | Standard | Lower | | **Corrosion Resistance** | Equal or better | Standard | Standard | | **Lead Time** | Days/Weeks | Weeks/Months | Weeks/Months | --- ## **STORAGE & HANDLING** ### **Powder Management** - **Storage Life:** 24 months in original argon-purged packaging - **Storage Conditions:** < 40% relative humidity, 15-30°C - **Handling:** Inert atmosphere glove box recommended - **Safety:** NFPA 484 combustible metals standard, nickel sensitization precautions ### **Finished Parts Storage** - **Corrosion Protection:** Generally not required in most environments - **Cleaning:** Remove processing residues before storage - **Long-term Storage:** Desiccant in sealed containers for critical applications --- ## **TECHNICAL SUPPORT SERVICES** - **Build Parameter Optimization:** Custom parameters for specific applications - **Design for Ni625:** DFAM consultation for superalloy characteristics - **Application Testing:** Mechanical, corrosion, and high-temperature testing - **Failure Analysis:** Comprehensive metallurgical investigation - **Training:** Operator and engineer training programs --- ## **ORDERING INFORMATION** | Item | Specification | |------|---------------| | **Standard Packaging** | 5 kg, 10 kg, 20 kg argon-sealed containers | | **Lead Time** | 3-8 weeks (depending on quantity and testing) | | **Documentation** | Certificate of Analysis, MSDS, As-Built Property Sheet | | **Custom Testing** | Available for specific application requirements | --- **3D Systems Corporation** *Advanced Superalloy Additive Manufacturing Solutions* [www.3dsystems.com](https://www.3dsystems.com) Phone: +1-803-326-3900 Email: materials@3dsystems.com --- **KEY ADVANTAGE:** LaserForm® Ni625 (B) in As-Built condition provides **exceptional strength and corrosion resistance directly from the build platform**, eliminating the need for post-process heat treatments while exceeding the mechanical properties of annealed wrought material. This enables rapid production of high-performance components for the most demanding applications. **HEALTH & SAFETY NOTE:** Nickel and its compounds are known to cause sensitization and allergic reactions in some individuals. Proper handling procedures including ventilation, protective equipment, and hygiene practices must be followed when processing nickel alloy powders. **DISCLAIMER:** The data provided represents typical values obtained from standardized test specimens manufactured under controlled conditions. Actual performance in production applications may vary based on specific geometry, build parameters, and service conditions. For critical applications, comprehensive application-specific testing is mandatory. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Always consult the most current technical data sheets before design and production. © 2024 3D Systems Corporation. All rights reserved. LaserForm is a registered trademark of 3D Systems Corporation. INCONEL is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: 3D Systems LaserForm® Ni625 (B), AS-BUILT Nickel Super Alloy Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <7227 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: 3D Systems LaserForm® Ni625 (B), AS-BUILT Nickel Super Alloy Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of 3D Systems LaserForm® Ni625 (B), AS-BUILT Nickel Super Alloy -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers 3D Systems LaserForm® Ni625 (B), AS-BUILT Nickel Super Alloy -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of 3D Systems LaserForm® Ni625 (B), AS-BUILT Nickel Super Alloy -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3698 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition