AISI Type M2 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel Tube,Pipe (UNS T11302)

AISI Type M2 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel Tube (UNS T11302) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type M2 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel Tube (UNS T11302) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI Type M2 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel (UNS T11302) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: AISI Type M2 Molybdenum High-Speed Tool Steel (UNS T11302)** ## **Overview** AISI Type M2 is a **molybdenum-tungsten balanced high-speed steel (HSS)** and is **the most widely used high-speed steel grade globally**. Belonging to the AISI M-series, M2 offers an **optimal balance of hot hardness, wear resistance, toughness, and cost-effectiveness**. With its carefully balanced composition of **molybdenum (4.50-5.50%) and tungsten (5.50-6.75%)**, M2 provides excellent all-around performance for a vast range of cutting and tooling applications, making it the industry standard against which other HSS grades are compared. **Key Advantages:** - **Excellent Balanced Properties:** Optimal combination of hardness, toughness, and wear resistance - **Superior Hot Hardness:** Maintains cutting edge at temperatures up to 540-600°C (1000-1110°F) - **Good Wear Resistance:** Adequate vanadium content provides solid abrasion resistance - **Good Grindability:** Reasonably grindable with standard abrasives - **Cost-Effective Performance:** Best value among high-performance HSS grades **Primary Considerations:** - Requires proper heat treatment to achieve optimal properties - Moderate wear resistance compared to high-vanadium grades - Not suitable for extreme high-temperature applications (>600°C) - Decarburization sensitive during heat treatment ## **International Designations & Standards** | Standard System | Designation | Note | |----------------|-------------|------| | **AISI/SAE (USA)** | M2 | Primary specification | | **UNS (USA)** | T11302 | Unified numbering system | | **ASTM (USA)** | A600 | High-Speed Tool Steel Standard | | **ISO (International)** | **HS6-5-2** | International standard designation (6%W-5%Mo-2%V) | | **DIN (Germany)** | 1.3343 | Standard M2 equivalent | | **JIS (Japan)** | SKH51 | Japanese standard M2 | | **BS (UK)** | **BM2** | British standard M2 | | **GB (China)** | W6Mo5Cr4V2 | Chinese standard M2 | | **AFNOR (France)** | Z85WDCV06-05-04-02 | French designation | *Note: M2 is universally recognized and standardized across all major industrial standards, often referred to as the "workhorse" of high-speed steels.* --- ## **1. Chemical Composition (Typical, Weight %)** M2's composition represents the classic balanced formula for general-purpose high-speed steel. | Element | Content (%) | Role & Metallurgical Effect | |---------|-------------|-----------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.78 - 0.88 | Provides matrix hardness and supports carbide formation. Balanced for optimal hardness-toughness combination. | | **Tungsten (W)** | 5.50 - 6.75 | Provides hot hardness through tungsten carbide formation and solid solution strengthening. | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 4.50 - 5.50 | Enhances hardenability, contributes to secondary hardening, and provides cost-effective hot hardness. | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 3.75 - 4.50 | Improves hardenability, provides oxidation resistance, forms chromium carbides. | | **Vanadium (V)** | 1.75 - 2.20 | Forms hard vanadium carbides (VC) for wear resistance and grain refinement. | | **Cobalt (Co)** | 0.0 - 0.50 (Optional) | When added, improves hot hardness (then designated M2+Co). | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.20 - 0.45 | Deoxidizer and matrix strengthener. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.15 - 0.40 | Enhances hardenability and aids in deoxidation. | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤0.030 | Residual impurity. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤0.030 | Residual impurity. | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Matrix element. | **Key Metallurgical Features:** - **W:Mo Ratio:** Approximately 1.2:1 (balanced) - **Carbide Types:** MC (V-rich), M₆C (W/Mo-rich), M₂₃C₆ (Cr-rich) - **Carbide Volume:** ~10-14% - **Austenitizing Temperature:** 1190-1230°C (2175-2245°F) --- ## **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties** ### **Physical Properties** | Property | Typical Value | Conditions/Notes | |----------|---------------|------------------| | **Density** | 8.16 g/cm³ | At 20°C (68°F) | | **Melting Range** | 1370 - 1420°C (2500 - 2590°F) | Solidus to liquidus | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 23 - 28 W/m·K | At 20°C (68°F) | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 420 - 460 J/kg·K | At 20°C (68°F) | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 10.8 - 11.5 × 10⁻⁶/K | 20-600°C (68-1110°F) range | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.52 - 0.58 μΩ·m | At 20°C (68°F) | | **Elastic Modulus** | 205 - 215 GPa (29.7 - 31.2 × 10⁶ psi) | At room temperature | | **Magnetic Properties** | Ferromagnetic | Below Curie temperature (~760°C) | ### **Mechanical Properties (Properly Heat-Treated)** | Property | Value Range | Heat Treatment Condition | |----------|-------------|--------------------------| | **Hardness (Annealed)** | 207 - 255 HB | Annealed condition | | **Hardness (Hardened)** | 62 - 65 HRC | Triple tempered (standard grade) | | **Hardness (Premium)** | 64 - 66 HRC | Special processing (sub-zero treated) | | **Hot Hardness** | 58 - 61 HRC | At 540°C (1000°F) after 4 hours | | **Transverse Rupture Strength** | 3500 - 4200 MPa (508 - 609 ksi) | At 64-65 HRC | | **Compressive Strength** | 3800 - 4400 MPa (551 - 638 ksi) | At 64-65 HRC | | **Impact Toughness (Charpy)** | 20 - 30 J (14.8 - 22.1 ft·lb) | At 64-65 HRC | | **Young's Modulus** | 205 - 215 GPa (29.7 - 31.2 × 10⁶ psi) | At room temperature | | **Poisson's Ratio** | 0.27 - 0.30 | At room temperature | ### **High-Temperature Performance** | Temperature | Hardness (HRC) | Strength Retention | Relative Cutting Performance | |-------------|----------------|-------------------|------------------------------| | **20°C (68°F)** | 64-65 | 100% | Baseline | | **300°C (570°F)** | 60-62 | 94-96% | Very Good | | **450°C (840°F)** | 56-58 | 87-90% | Good | | **550°C (1020°F)** | 52-54 | 81-84% | Fair | | **600°C (1110°F)** | 48-50 | 75-78% | Limited | ### **Grindability Characteristics** - **Relative Grindability:** 100% (Industry standard reference) - **Recommended Abrasives:** Aluminum oxide (A46-J8-V) - **Wheel Speed:** 25-35 m/s (5000-7000 SFPM) - **Coolant Requirement:** Moderate --- ## **3. Product Applications** ### **Primary Application Areas** **1. General Purpose Cutting Tools (80% of applications):** - Twist drills (all sizes) - Taps and dies (standard threading) - End mills (slot drills, ball nose, corner radius) - Reamers (machine and hand) - Gear cutters (hobs, shaper cutters) **2. Metal Cutting Inserts:** - Single-point turning tools - Forming and parting tools - Thread cutting tools **3. Specialized Tools:** - Broaches (internal and surface) - Saw blades (hack, band, hole saws) - Milling cutters (face, slab, side) - Woodworking tools (router bits, planer knives) **4. Non-Cutting Applications:** - Cold work punches and dies - Wear parts (guides, rolls, bearings) - Machine tool components ### **Industry Application Distribution** | Industry | Market Share | Typical Applications | |----------|--------------|---------------------| | **General Machining** | 40% | Drills, taps, end mills, reamers | | **Automotive** | 25% | Gear cutters, form tools, broaches | | **Aerospace** | 15% | Cutting tools for alloys | | **Tool & Die** | 10% | Punches, dies, mold components | | **Other Industries** | 10% | Various specialized tools | ### **Recommended Cutting Parameters** | Work Material | Cutting Speed (m/min) | Feed (mm/rev) | Depth of Cut | Notes | |---------------|----------------------|---------------|--------------|-------| | **Low Carbon Steel** | 30-45 | 0.15-0.30 | 1-5mm | Standard machining | | **Alloy Steel (30HRC)** | 25-40 | 0.10-0.25 | 1-4mm | Moderate hardness | | **Stainless Steel** | 20-35 | 0.08-0.20 | 0.5-3mm | Use coolant | | **Cast Iron** | 35-50 | 0.20-0.40 | 1-6mm | Dry or air blast | | **Aluminum** | 100-200 | 0.20-0.50 | 2-10mm | High speeds possible | --- ## **4. Heat Treatment Guidelines** ### **Annealing (Process Requirements)** - **Temperature:** 840-870°C (1545-1600°F) - **Soaking Time:** 2-4 hours - **Cooling Rate:** ≤15°C/hr to 540°C, then air cool - **Hardness Result:** 207-255 HB - **Atmosphere:** Protective recommended ### **Stress Relieving** - **After Machining:** 600-650°C (1110-1200°F), 1-2 hours - **After Rough Grinding:** 500-550°C (930-1020°F), 1 hour ### **Hardening (Standard Procedure)** 1. **Preheating (Critical):** - **Stage 1:** 450-550°C (840-1020°F) - **Stage 2:** 800-850°C (1470-1560°F) 2. **Austenitizing:** - **Temperature:** 1190-1230°C (2175-2245°F) - **Time:** 2-5 minutes per 25mm thickness - **Atmosphere:** Vacuum, salt, or controlled atmosphere required 3. **Quenching Options:** - **Oil Quench:** 40-80°C oil, vigorous agitation - **Salt Bath:** 540-590°C marquench, then air cool - **Air Cool:** Small sections only (<25mm) ### **Tempering (Standard Practice)** - **Temperature:** 540-570°C (1000-1060°F) - **Cycles:** Minimum 2, preferably 3 tempers - **Duration:** 1-2 hours per temper - **Cooling:** Air cool completely between tempers - **Final Hardness:** 62-65 HRC ### **Sub-Zero Treatment (Optional)** - **Benefits:** Dimensional stability, hardness increase - **Temperature:** -70 to -100°C (-95 to -150°F) - **Duration:** 2-4 hours after quenching --- ## **5. Manufacturing & Processing** ### **Machinability (Annealed)** - **Relative Rating:** 45-55% (vs. 1% carbon steel = 100%) - **Tool Material:** Carbide recommended - **Parameters:** - Turning: 25-40 m/min (80-130 SFM) - Milling: 15-25 m/min (50-80 SFM) - Drilling: 8-15 m/min (25-50 SFM) ### **Grinding Operations** - **Wheel Selection:** A46-J8-V (general purpose) - **Parameters:** - Speed: 25-30 m/s (5000-6000 SFPM) - Infeed: 0.005-0.020 mm/pass - Crossfeed: 1-5 mm/pass - **Coolant:** Water-based synthetic recommended ### **Quality Grades Available** | Grade Type | Description | Typical Applications | |------------|-------------|---------------------| | **Standard M2** | Conventional melting | General purpose tools | | **Premium M2** | Special processing | Critical tools | | **M2+Co** | Cobalt added | Higher hot hardness required | | **PM M2** | Powder metallurgy | Superior grindability, toughness | --- ## **6. Comparative Analysis** ### **vs. Other Common HSS Grades** | Property | M2 | M1 | M7 | M35 (5%Co) | |----------|----|----|----|------------| | **W:Mo Ratio** | 1.2:1 | 0.2:1 | 0.2:1 | 1.2:1 + Co | | **Hot Hardness** | Very Good | Good | Very Good | Excellent | | **Toughness** | Good | Very Good | Good | Fair | | **Wear Resistance** | Good | Good | Very Good | Good | | **Grindability** | Good | Excellent | Very Good | Fair | | **Cost Factor** | 1.0x | 0.9x | 1.1x | 1.3x | ### **Performance/Cost Analysis** | Application | M2 Performance | Cost Efficiency | Alternatives | |-------------|----------------|-----------------|--------------| | **General Drilling** | Excellent | Best | M1, M7 | | **Tapping** | Excellent | Best | M1 | | **End Milling** | Very Good | Best | M7, M35 | | **Gear Cutting** | Very Good | Best | M35, M42 | | **Hard Machining** | Good | Good | M35, M42 | --- ## **7. Quality Standards & Specifications** ### **Industry Standards** - **ASTM A600:** Chemical composition, hardness, microstructure - **ISO 4957:** International tool steel standard - **AMS 6390:** Aerospace material specification - **Customer Specifications:** Often more stringent than industry standards ### **Quality Control Points** 1. **Chemical Composition:** Must meet specified ranges 2. **Decarburization:** Maximum 0.10mm per side 3. **Hardness:** Uniform within ±1 HRC 4. **Microstructure:** Proper carbide distribution and size 5. **Surface Quality:** Free from defects ### **Certification Requirements** - Mill test certificates - Heat treatment records - Dimensional inspection reports - Special testing as required (UT, MT, etc.) --- ## **8. Technical Recommendations** ### **Selection Guidelines** 1. **Choose M2 when:** - General-purpose cutting tools needed - Balanced performance required - Cost-effectiveness is important - Good grindability needed 2. **Consider alternatives when:** - Extreme high temperatures (>600°C) - Severe abrasion conditions - Maximum toughness required - Specialized applications ### **Best Practices for Use** 1. **Storage:** Dry conditions, protective coating 2. **Handling:** Careful to prevent damage 3. **Inspection:** Regular checks for wear/damage 4. **Maintenance:** Proper resharpening procedures ### **Economic Considerations** - **Initial Cost:** Moderate - **Tool Life:** Good to excellent - **Regrinding:** Cost-effective - **Total Cost of Ownership:** Excellent value --- ## **Disclaimer** This technical datasheet provides information about AISI Type M2 high-speed tool steel based on industry standards. Actual performance may vary based on: 1. **Manufacturing quality** and processing 2. **Heat treatment** execution 3. **Application conditions** and parameters 4. **Tool design** and maintenance **For optimal results:** - Follow manufacturer recommendations - Use proper heat treatment procedures - Apply appropriate coatings when beneficial - Monitor tool performance regularly Always consult with technical experts for critical applications and refer to the most current standards and specifications. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type M2 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel (UNS T11302) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6718 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type M2 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel (UNS T11302) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI Type M2 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel Tube (UNS T11302) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI Type M2 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel Tube (UNS T11302) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI Type M2 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel Tube (UNS T11302) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Tube drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3189 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition