AISI 2515 Steel Flange (UNS G25150)

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 2515 Steel Flange (UNS G25150) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 2515 Steel Flange (UNS G25150) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 2515 Steel (UNS G25150) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: AISI 2515 Steel (UNS G25150)** ## **Executive Summary** **AISI 2515 (UNS G25150)** is a high-nickel, low-carbon alloy steel specifically engineered for **case-hardening applications** requiring an exceptionally tough and ductile core with a hard, wear-resistant surface. As part of the AISI 25xx series, this steel contains approximately **5% nickel**, making it one of the most nickel-rich standard case-hardening steels. Its primary design purpose is to withstand extreme impact, shock loading, and heavy-duty service conditions while maintaining a wear-resistant case. The high nickel content provides superior core toughness, fatigue resistance, and low-temperature performance, making it ideal for critical components in demanding environments such as aerospace, defense, and heavy machinery. --- ## **1. Chemical Composition** ### **Standard Composition Ranges** | Element | Content Range (% by weight) - **AISI 2515** | Primary Function | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.12 - 0.17 | Provides core strength; kept low to maximize core toughness and ductility | | **Nickel (Ni)** | 4.75 - 5.25 | **Primary alloying element:** Dramatically increases core toughness, impact resistance (especially at low temperatures), fatigue strength, and hardenability | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 0.20 - 0.50 | Enhances case hardenability, improves wear resistance of carburized case, provides some corrosion resistance | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.40 - 0.60 | Deoxidizer, improves hardenability and surface response to carburizing | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.35 | Deoxidizer, strengthens ferrite matrix | | **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.035 max | Impurity (kept low for ductility and toughness) | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.040 max | Impurity (affects hot workability and transverse properties) | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | - | Typically not specified; may be present in trace amounts (<0.06%) | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Matrix element | ### **Key Metallurgical Features** - **Core Toughness:** Exceptionally high due to 5% nickel content, which refines grain structure and lowers ductile-to-brittle transition temperature - **Hardenability:** Excellent core hardenability from nickel, with chromium enhancing case hardenability - **Case Formation:** Responds well to carburizing, carbonitriding, and nitriding processes - **Microstructure:** Forms fine-grained, tough martensitic core with minimal retained austenite when properly heat treated --- ## **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties** ### **A. Fundamental Physical Properties** | Property | Condition | Value/Range | Notes | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | All conditions | 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | Slightly higher than carbon steels due to nickel content | | **Melting Point** | - | ~1480°C (2695°F) | - | | **Elastic Modulus** | Core (tempered) | 200-205 GPa (29,000-29,700 ksi) | - | | **Shear Modulus** | Core (tempered) | 80-82 GPa (11,600-11,900 ksi) | - | | **Poisson's Ratio** | - | 0.29 | - | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 100°C | 38.5 W/m·K | Lower than plain carbon steels due to nickel | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 20°C | 460 J/kg·K | - | | **Thermal Expansion Coefficient** | 20-100°C | 11.9 × 10⁻⁶/°C | - | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 20°C | 0.30 μΩ·m | Higher than carbon steels | | **Magnetic Properties** | Below Curie temp | Ferromagnetic | Curie temperature ~770°C | ### **B. Mechanical Properties (Core - After Case Hardening & Tempering)** #### **1. Normalized Condition (Prior to Case Hardening)** - **Hardness:** 156-197 HB (Brinell) - **Tensile Strength:** 515-620 MPa (75-90 ksi) - **Yield Strength (0.2% offset):** 345-485 MPa (50-70 ksi) - **Elongation:** 25-30% - **Reduction of Area:** 60-70% - **Charpy V-Notch Impact:** 120-180 J (88-133 ft-lb) at room temperature - **Machinability Rating:** 55-60% of B1112 (fair) #### **2. Core Properties After Case Hardening & Tempering** *Typical heat treatment: Carburize (0.8-1.2mm case), quench, temper at 150-200°C* | Property | Typical Value Range | Notes | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Core Hardness** | 28-35 HRC | Depends on carburizing cycle and tempering | | **Core Tensile Strength** | 830-1030 MPa | Higher than annealed due to quenching | | **Core Yield Strength** | 690-900 MPa | - | | **Core Elongation** | 15-20% | Maintains good ductility | | **Case Hardness** | 58-63 HRC | After carburizing, quenching, and tempering | | **Case Depth (Effective)** | 0.8-1.5 mm | Standard range; can be varied | | **Charpy V-Notch Impact (Core)** | 60-100 J | Exceptional for case-hardened steel | | **Fatigue Strength (Rotating Bending)** | 450-550 MPa | At 10⁷ cycles, with carburized case | #### **3. Special Properties** - **Low-Temperature Toughness:** Maintains excellent impact strength down to **-60°C (-76°F)** - **Fatigue Resistance:** Superior bending and contact fatigue resistance due to compressive residual stresses in case - **Notch Sensitivity:** Very low in core due to high toughness - **Wear Resistance:** Excellent surface wear resistance with carburized/nitrided case - **Core Toughness:** Among the highest of all standard case-hardening steels --- ## **3. International Standards & Specifications** ### **Primary Governing Standards** | Standard/Organization | Designation | Title/Scope | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **AISI/SAE** | 2515 | Standard grade designation | | **UNS** | G25150 | Unified Numbering System | | **ASTM** | A534 | Standard Specification for Carburizing Steels | | **ASTM** | A29/A29M | Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought | | **SAE** | J404, J412 | Chemical compositions and hardenability | | **AMS** | 6280, 6281 | Aircraft quality bars and forgings | ### **International Equivalents & Cross-References** | Country/Region | Equivalent Designation | Standard | Notes | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **ISO** | **- (See Note 1)** | ISO 683-11 | Similar Ni steels in Grade Designation System | | **European** | **15NiCr13** | EN 10084 | Approximate equivalent (slightly different composition) | | **Germany** | **14NiCr14** | DIN 17210 | Similar nickel case-hardening steel | | **United Kingdom** | **En 39** | BS 970 | High-nickel case-hardening steel | | **Japan** | **SNC 815** | JIS G4102 | Nickel-chromium steel (lower Ni) | | **China** | **15CrNi** | GB/T 3077 | Approximate equivalent | | **Russia** | **12ХН3А** | GOST 4543 | Similar nickel-chromium case-hardening steel | | **France** | **12 NC 15** | NF A35-552 | Similar composition | | **Hardenability Variant** | **2515H** | SAE J1268 | Available with guaranteed hardenability bands | **Note 1:** Direct ISO equivalents may not exist; specifications are often customer-specific for this premium grade. ### **Aerospace & Defense Specifications** - **AMS 6280:** Bars, forgings, and tubing (0.12-0.17C, 4.75-5.25Ni, 0.20-0.50Cr) - **AMS 6281:** Aircraft quality, normalized and tempered - **MIL-S-6049:** For military applications requiring high toughness - **Boeing:** BMS 7-238 (similar composition requirements) - **Airbus:** ABD 0031 (material specifications for aerospace) --- ## **4. Product Applications & Industries** ### **Available Product Forms** - **Bar Stock:** Hot-rolled rounds (10-300mm), squares, hexagons - **Forgings:** Open-die and closed-die forgings (premium quality for aerospace) - **Cold-Finished Bars:** Turned, ground, and polished for precision applications - **Wire Rod:** For cold heading of high-performance fasteners - **Billets & Blooms:** For further processing into finished components - **Plate:** Limited availability for specialized applications ### **Primary Industry Applications** #### **1. Aerospace & Defense (Premium Application Area)** - **Aircraft Landing Gear:** Critical components requiring extreme toughness and fatigue resistance - **Helicopter Components:** Rotor hubs, transmission gears, swashplate components - **Jet Engine Parts:** Gears, shafts, and mountings in accessory gearboxes - **Missile & Rocket Components:** Guidance system parts, actuator components - **Military Vehicle Components:** Track links, suspension components for armored vehicles - **Arrestor Hooks:** For carrier-based aircraft #### **2. Heavy Machinery & Equipment** - **Mining Equipment:** Shovel teeth, crusher components, dragline parts - **Construction Machinery:** Excavator bucket pins, track rollers, final drive components - **Oil & Gas Drilling:** Heavy-duty drill string components, tool joints - **Earth Moving Equipment:** Bulldozer blades, ripper teeth, undercarriage components #### **3. Automotive (High-Performance & Heavy-Duty)** - **Racing Components:** Transmission gears, differential components for motorsports - **Heavy Truck:** Differential gears, axle shafts for extreme service conditions - **Off-Road Vehicles:** Drive train components for extreme environments - **Performance Automotive:** High-stress gears, camshafts for high-output engines #### **4. Industrial Applications** - **Gear Manufacturing:** Heavy-duty industrial gears for power generation, steel mills - **Bearings:** Large bearing races for extreme service conditions - **Fasteners:** Ultra-high-performance bolts, studs for critical connections - **Tooling:** Dies and molds requiring both toughness and wear resistance #### **5. Specialized Applications** - **Nuclear Industry:** Control mechanism components requiring reliability and toughness - **Marine Applications:** Ship propulsion components, deck machinery - **Power Generation:** Turbine components, gearbox parts for wind turbines --- ## **5. Heat Treatment Technology** ### **Case Hardening Processes for AISI 2515** #### **1. Carburizing (Primary Process)** - **Temperature:** 900-930°C (1650-1705°F) - **Atmosphere:** Endothermic gas with natural gas or propane enrichment - **Case Depth:** Typically 0.8-2.0 mm (0.030-0.080 inches) - **Surface Carbon:** 0.75-0.90% - **Quenching:** Direct from carburizing temperature or reheat to 790-820°C (1450-1510°F) - **Quench Medium:** Oil (fast oil for maximum case properties) #### **2. Carbonitriding (Alternative Process)** - **Temperature:** 815-870°C (1500-1600°F) - **Atmosphere:** Endothermic gas with ammonia addition (3-12%) - **Case Depth:** 0.1-0.8 mm (0.004-0.030 inches) - **Advantages:** Lower distortion, harder case with less retained austenite #### **3. Nitriding (For Maximum Wear Resistance)** - **Temperature:** 495-565°C (925-1050°F) - **Process:** Gas or plasma nitriding - **Case Depth:** 0.2-0.5 mm (0.008-0.020 inches) - **Surface Hardness:** 65-72 HRC equivalent - **Advantages:** Minimal distortion, excellent wear and fatigue properties ### **Heat Treatment Cycle (Typical Carburizing)** 1. **Pre-Cleaning:** Remove oils, contaminants 2. **Carburizing:** 900-930°C for required time to achieve case depth 3. **Diffusion:** Optional step to control carbon gradient 4. **Quenching:** Oil quench from carburizing or reheat temperature 5. **Sub-Zero Treatment:** -70°C (-95°F) to transform retained austenite (optional) 6. **Tempering:** 150-200°C (300-390°F) for 2-4 hours 7. **Final Grinding/Finishing:** To achieve final dimensions ### **Special Considerations for AISI 2515** - **Grain Growth Control:** Nickel can promote grain growth at high temperatures; use proper austenitizing temperatures - **Retained Austenite:** High nickel content can increase retained austenite in case; sub-zero treatment may be beneficial - **Distortion Control:** Due to high hardenability, distortion can be significant; consider press quenching or martempering --- ## **6. Manufacturing & Fabrication Characteristics** ### **Machinability Assessment** - **Normalized Condition:** 55-60% of B1112 free-machining steel - **Hardened Condition:** Very difficult; requires grinding or EDM - **Recommended Practices (Normalized Condition):** - **Turning:** 50-70 m/min (165-230 SFM) with carbide, 20-30 m/min (65-100 SFM) with HSS - **Drilling:** 15-25 m/min (50-80 SFM) with HSS drills - **Milling:** 60-90 m/min (200-300 SFM) with carbide cutters - **Gear Cutting:** Good machinability for hobbing and shaping - **Coolant:** Essential for tool life and surface finish ### **Weldability Characteristics** **Rating: FAIR (with significant precautions)** #### **Welding Recommendations** 1. **Preheat Temperature:** 200-300°C (390-570°F) minimum 2. **Interpass Temperature:** 150-250°C (300-480°F) 3. **Post-Weld Heat Treatment:** Stress relief at 595-650°C (1100-1200°F) mandatory 4. **Filler Metals:** Low-hydrogen electrodes (E10018, E11018) or nickel-based alloys 5. **Processes:** GTAW (TIG) preferred; SMAW with low-hydrogen electrodes acceptable 6. **Special Note:** Welding after carburizing is generally not recommended ### **Formability & Hot Working** - **Hot Working Temperature:** 1150-900°C (2100-1650°F) - **Forging:** Excellent forgeability with proper temperature control - **Cold Forming:** Limited to simple bends in normalized condition - **Hot Forming:** Preferred for complex shapes --- ## **7. Quality Assurance & Testing** ### **Standard Certification Requirements** 1. **Chemical Analysis:** Complete trace element analysis (especially Ni, Cr) 2. **Mechanical Testing:** Tensile, hardness, impact (room and low temperature) 3. **Microstructural Examination:** Grain size (ASTM 5-8 preferred), inclusion rating 4. **Non-Destructive Testing:** UT, MT, PT as required by specification 5. **Hardenability Testing:** Jominy end-quench for 2515H variant ### **Specialized Testing for Aerospace Applications** - **Fracture Toughness:** K_IC or equivalent testing - **Fatigue Testing:** High-cycle and low-cycle fatigue properties - **Case Depth Verification:** Microhardness traverse - **Retained Austenite Measurement:** X-ray diffraction - **Cleanliness:** Inclusion rating per ASTM E45 or equivalent ### **Quality Standards Compliance** - **Aerospace:** AS9100, NADCAP (for heat treatment, testing) - **Nuclear:** ASME NQA-1, 10CFR50 Appendix B - **General Industry:** ISO 9001, IATF 16949 --- ## **8. Design & Engineering Guidelines** ### **Advantages of AISI 2515** 1. **Exceptional Core Toughness:** Highest among standard case-hardening steels 2. **Low-Temperature Performance:** Maintains properties to -60°C 3. **Fatigue Resistance:** Superior bending and contact fatigue life 4. **Impact Resistance:** Withstands severe shock loading 5. **Wear Resistance:** Excellent with proper case hardening ### **Design Considerations** - **Case Depth:** Typically 1-2% of section thickness - **Transition Zone:** Design to avoid stress concentrations at case-core interface - **Surface Finish:** Critical for fatigue performance - **Residual Stresses:** Beneficial compressive stresses in case improve fatigue life - **Cost Justification:** Reserve for truly demanding applications ### **Economic Considerations** - **Material Cost:** High (5% nickel content) - **Processing Cost:** Premium heat treatment required - **Total Cost:** Justified only for critical applications - **Life Cycle Cost:** Often favorable due to extended service life --- ## **9. Comparative Analysis: High-Nickel Case-Hardening Steels** | Grade | C% | Ni% | Cr% | Core Toughness | Fatigue Resistance | Primary Applications | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **2515** | 0.12-0.17 | 4.75-5.25 | 0.20-0.50 | **Exceptional** | **Excellent** | Aircraft landing gear, critical gears | | **4815** | 0.13-0.18 | 3.25-3.75 | - | Very Good | Very Good | General aircraft components | | **3310** | 0.08-0.13 | 3.25-3.75 | 1.40-1.75 | Excellent | Excellent | High-stress gears, bearings | | **4320** | 0.17-0.22 | 1.65-2.00 | 0.40-0.60 | Good | Good | Automotive gears, general purpose | | **8620** | 0.18-0.23 | 0.40-0.70 | 0.40-0.60 | Fair-Good | Good | General case-hardening applications | --- ## **10. Special Considerations & Limitations** ### **Corrosion Resistance** - **General:** Similar to low-alloy steels - requires protection - **Atmospheric Corrosion:** Slightly better than carbon steels due to nickel - **Protection Methods:** Cadmium plating (aerospace), zinc-nickel, painting ### **Temperature Limitations** - **Maximum Service:** 200-250°C (390-480°F) for case-hardened parts - **Short-Term Exposure:** Up to 300°C (570°F) without significant softening - **Cryogenic Service:** Excellent down to -60°C (-76°F) ### **Environmental & Regulatory Considerations** - **Nickel Content:** May trigger nickel allergy concerns in some applications - **Heat Treatment:** Must control furnace atmospheres for safety and quality - **Recycling:** Fully recyclable but nickel content affects scrap value --- ## **Technical Summary & Selection Guidelines** **Select AISI 2515 when:** 1. Extreme core toughness is required for impact/shock loading 2. Components will operate at low temperatures 3. Fatigue life is critical and component is highly stressed 4. Application is safety-critical (aerospace, defense) 5. No other case-hardening steel provides sufficient toughness **Consider Alternatives when:** 1. Cost is a primary constraint (consider 4320 or 8620) 2. Operating temperatures exceed 250°C (consider heat-resistant grades) 3. Corrosion resistance is needed without coatings (consider stainless) 4. Case depth requirements are very shallow (consider nitriding steels) 5. Component size is very large (consider hardenability limitations) --- ## **Future Developments & Market Trends** 1. **Clean Steel Technology:** Improved inclusion control for enhanced fatigue performance 2. **Alternative Case Hardening:** Plasma carburizing for reduced distortion 3. **Additive Manufacturing:** Development of powders for 3D printing of complex components 4. **Digital Heat Treatment:** IoT monitoring and control of carburizing processes 5. **Sustainability:** Development of lower-energy case hardening processes --- **AISI 2515 (UNS G25150)** represents the premium tier of case-hardening steels, offering unmatched core toughness for the most demanding applications. Its high nickel content makes it significantly more expensive than standard case-hardening grades, but this cost is justified in applications where component failure is not an option. Proper application requires expertise in heat treatment, machining, and design to fully realize its exceptional properties. While not suitable for general-purpose use, AISI 2515 remains the material of choice for aerospace landing gear, critical defense components, and other applications where extreme toughness and reliability are paramount. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 2515 Steel (UNS G25150) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4010 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 2515 Steel (UNS G25150) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 2515 Steel Flange (UNS G25150) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 2515 Steel Flange (UNS G25150) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 2515 Steel Flange (UNS G25150) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 481 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition