AISI 51B60 Steel Flange,

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 51B60 Steel Flange, annealed, 25 mm (1 in.) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 51B60 Steel Flange, annealed, 25 mm (1 in.) round Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 51B60 Steel, annealed, 25 mm (1 in.) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **AISI 51B60 Steel, Annealed, 25 mm (1 inch) Round Bar - Technical Data Sheet** ## **1. Product Overview** **AISI 51B60 annealed 25 mm (1 inch) round bar** is a **boron-treated, high-carbon chromium alloy steel** supplied in a fully softened condition to optimize machinability and formability. The "B" in the designation indicates boron addition (typically 0.0005-0.003%), which significantly enhances hardenability without the need for higher levels of expensive alloying elements. This 25mm diameter product combines the high strength potential of 5160 chemistry with the cost-effective hardenability boost of boron, making it an economical choice for applications requiring deep hardening characteristics. The annealed condition provides excellent machinability for complex component manufacturing, while the boron addition ensures superior through-hardening capability during subsequent heat treatment. The 25mm diameter represents an optimal size for uniform annealing response and predictable property gradients after hardening. --- ## **2. Chemical Composition (SAE J404/J412)** | Element | Composition Range (%) | Metallurgical Function in 25mm Annealed Bar | |---------|----------------------|---------------------------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.56 - 0.64 | Provides high strength and hardness potential; primary strengthening element | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.75 - 1.00 | Enhances hardenability and strength; improves response to boron addition | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.035 | Impurity; minimized for improved toughness | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.040 - 0.070 | Intentionally added for improved machinability (free-machining characteristic) | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.35 | Deoxidizer; strengthens ferrite matrix | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 0.70 - 0.90 | Improves hardenability and wear resistance | | **Boron (B)** | 0.0005 - 0.003 | **Key element**; dramatically increases hardenability at minimal addition | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Base metal | **Key Boron Characteristics:** - **Hardenability multiplier:** ~3× effectiveness compared to chromium - **Optimal range:** 0.001-0.002% for maximum benefit - **Protection required:** Titanium or aluminum often added to protect boron from nitrogen - **Economic advantage:** Cost-effective alternative to higher alloy steels **Product Specifications:** - **SAE/AISI:** 51B60 - **Form:** Round bar, annealed condition - **Diameter:** 25.0 mm ±0.5 mm (1.00 inch ±0.020 inch) - **Condition:** Fully Annealed (typically 179-229 HB) - **Length:** Standard 3m, 6m; cut lengths available --- ## **3. Physical & Mechanical Properties (As-Annealed, 25mm Round)** ### **Typical As-Annealed Properties:** - **Hardness:** 179-229 HB (85-97 HRB) - **Tensile Strength:** 585-795 MPa (85-115 ksi) - **Yield Strength (0.2% offset):** 345-550 MPa (50-80 ksi) - **Elongation (in 50mm/2"):** 18-25% - **Reduction of Area:** 40-55% - **Modulus of Elasticity:** 205 GPa (29,700 ksi) - **Shear Modulus:** 80 GPa (11,600 ksi) ### **Machinability Characteristics (25mm Round):** - **Machinability Rating:** 55-65% (relative to 1212 steel = 100%) - **Improved machinability** due to sulfur addition (free-machining) - **Optimal Cutting Parameters:** - Turning: 50-70 m/min (165-230 SFM) with carbide - Feed: 0.20-0.40 mm/rev (0.008-0.016 in/rev) - Tool life: Good with proper coolant - **Chip Formation:** Short-breaking chips due to sulfur content - **Surface Finish:** 1.6-3.2 μm Ra (63-125 μin) achievable ### **Physical Properties:** - **Weight per meter:** 3.85 kg/m (2.59 lb/ft) - **Cross-sectional Area:** 490.9 mm² (0.761 in²) - **Density:** 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) - **Thermal Conductivity:** 42.0 W/m·K at 100°C - **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** 12.3 μm/m·°C (20-100°C) - **Specific Heat:** 460 J/kg·K at 20°C ### **Boron-Enhanced Hardenability (After Heat Treatment):** - **Ideal Critical Diameter (D₁) in oil:** ~90-105 mm (vs. ~80-95 mm for 5160) - **Maximum hardness in 25mm round:** 58-63 HRC (as-quenched) - **Hardness gradient:** Reduced compared to non-boron grades - **Through-hardening capability:** Excellent for 25mm section --- ## **4. Annealing Process & Metallurgical Structure** ### **Standard Annealing Parameters:** - **Temperature:** 790-820°C (1450-1510°F) - **Soak Time:** 1.5-2 hours at temperature - **Cooling Rate:** Furnace cool to 600°C at 20-30°C/hour - **Atmosphere:** Protective to minimize decarburization - **Decarburization Control:** ≤0.25mm typical ### **Microstructural Characteristics:** - **Primary Structure:** Pearlite with proeutectoid ferrite - **Sulfide Inclusions:** MnS particles from sulfur addition (improve machinability) - **Boron Distribution:** Concentrated at prior austenite grain boundaries - **Grain Size:** ASTM 5-7 - **Carbide Distribution:** Uniform with possible partial spheroidization ### **Effect of Boron on Annealed Structure:** 1. **Grain boundary segregation** of boron atoms 2. **Reduced transformation temperatures** during annealing 3. **Modified carbide precipitation** behavior 4. **Improved hardenability retention** after annealing --- ## **5. Manufacturing & Processing** ### **Recommended Machining Parameters:** | Operation | Speed (m/min) | Feed (mm/rev) | Depth of Cut (mm) | Notes | |-----------|---------------|---------------|-------------------|-------| | **Turning** | 50-70 | 0.20-0.40 | 1.0-5.0 | Excellent chip control | | **Drilling** | 25-40 | 0.15-0.30 | Full diameter | Good hole quality | | **Milling** | 40-60 | 0.10-0.25/tooth | 2.0-4.0 | Free-machining benefits | | **Tapping** | 10-20 | Pitch determined | Full depth | Reduced tap wear | ### **Forming & Fabrication:** - **Cold Bending:** Minimum radius = 2× diameter (50mm) - **Hot Forging:** Good at 1050-850°C - **Cold Heading:** Suitable with proper die design - **Thread Rolling:** Excellent due to free-machining characteristics ### **Subsequent Heat Treatment:** - **Austenitizing:** 830-850°C (1525-1560°F) - **Quenching:** Oil (excellent for 25mm diameter) - **Tempering:** 400-600°C for most applications - **Boron Advantage:** More uniform hardness in 25mm section --- ## **6. Product Applications** ### **Cost-Effective High-Strength Components:** - **Axle shafts** for automotive and agricultural equipment - **Hydraulic piston rods** and cylinder components - **Shafts** for industrial machinery - **Gear blanks** requiring deep hardening - **Fastener stock** for high-strength bolts ### **Agricultural & Off-Road Equipment:** - **Implement shafts** and drive components - **Pivot pins** and bushings - **Tillage tool components** - **Sprockets** and chain drives ### **General Manufacturing:** - **Machine tool components** - **Material handling parts** - **Construction equipment components** - **Mining equipment wear parts** ### **Why Choose 51B60 25mm Annealed:** 1. **Cost savings** vs. higher alloy steels 2. **Excellent machinability** for production efficiency 3. **Good hardenability** for 25mm sections 4. **Wide availability** in standard sizes 5. **Predictable heat treatment response** --- ## **7. International Standards & Equivalents** ### **Primary Standards:** | Standard | Designation | Specification | |----------|-------------|---------------| | **SAE/AISI** | **51B60** | SAE J404, J412 | | **ASTM** | **A29/A29M** | Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy | ### **Global Equivalents:** - **Europe:** Similar to boron-treated spring steels - **Japan:** Equivalent to boron-modified SCr materials - **China:** Similar to boron-containing spring steels ### **Boron Steel Standards:** - **SAE J404:** Includes boron steel specifications - **ASTM A304:** Covers boron-treated alloy steels --- ## **8. Quality Control** ### **Standard Testing:** - **Chemical Analysis:** Including boron content verification - **Hardness Testing:** Brinell or Rockwell B - **Microstructure:** Grain size and inclusion assessment - **Hardenability:** Optional Jominy testing ### **Boron-Specific Considerations:** - **Boron analysis** critical for performance - **Protection elements** (Ti, Al) should be verified - **Sulfide inclusion control** for transverse properties --- ## **9. Technical Advantages** ### **Advantages:** ✅ **Cost-effective hardenability** through boron addition ✅ **Excellent machinability** from sulfur content ✅ **Good through-hardening** for 25mm sections ✅ **Reduced alloy cost** vs. conventional alloy steels ✅ **Predictable heat treatment response** ### **Limitations:** ⚠️ **Reduced transverse properties** due to sulfides ⚠️ **Boron sensitivity** to overheating ⚠️ **Welding difficulties** ⚠️ **Not for highest toughness applications** --- ## **10. Economic Considerations** | Factor | Impact | Notes | |--------|--------|-------| | **Material Cost** | Lower than 5160 | Boron reduces need for other alloys | | **Machining Cost** | Lower | Free-machining characteristics | | **Heat Treatment** | Standard | Similar to 5160 but more consistent | | **Tooling Cost** | Lower | Improved machinability | | **Overall Cost** | **15-25% savings** vs. conventional alloy steels | --- ## **11. Comparison with 5160** | Property | 51B60 | Standard 5160 | |----------|-------|---------------| | **Hardenability** | Higher (boron-enhanced) | Good | | **Machinability** | Better (sulfur-added) | Standard | | **Transverse Properties** | Lower | Better | | **Cost** | Lower | Higher | | **Weldability** | Poorer | Poor | | **Applications** | Cost-sensitive, high-volume | Critical, high-performance | --- **Technical Significance:** AISI 51B60 represents an optimized, cost-effective alternative to conventional alloy steels for applications requiring good hardenability without premium alloy costs. The 25mm annealed round bar form provides excellent manufacturability for a wide range of components, while the boron addition ensures adequate hardening response for most industrial applications. **Revision:** 1.0 **Date:** October 2023 **Disclaimer:** This technical data is for informational purposes. Boron steels require careful heat treatment control to realize their full potential. Always consult with material suppliers for application-specific recommendations. Transverse properties may be reduced compared to non-sulfur grades; design accordingly. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 51B60 Steel, annealed, 25 mm (1 in.) round Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4131 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 51B60 Steel, annealed, 25 mm (1 in.) round Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 51B60 Steel Flange, annealed, 25 mm (1 in.) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 51B60 Steel Flange, annealed, 25 mm (1 in.) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 51B60 Steel Flange, annealed, 25 mm (1 in.) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 602 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition