ASTM A131 Steel Flange, grade EH32

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A131 Steel Flange, grade EH32 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A131 Steel Flange, grade EH32 Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

ASTM A131 Steel, grade EH32 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ### **Technical Data Sheet: ASTM A131/A131M Structural Steel for Ships, Grade EH32** --- #### **1. Product Overview** ASTM A131 Grade EH32 is a **high-strength, low-temperature service** steel plate designed for shipbuilding applications requiring enhanced mechanical properties and superior toughness at extremely low temperatures. The "E" indicates its impact testing temperature category (-40°C/-40°F), while "H32" signifies high strength with a specified minimum yield strength of 315 MPa (32 kgf/mm²). This grade combines high strength with exceptional low-temperature toughness, making it ideal for polar vessels, ice-class ships, and offshore structures operating in Arctic conditions. --- #### **2. International Standards & Equivalents** | Standard Organization | Designation | |-----------------------|-------------| | **ASTM International** | **A131/A131M Grade EH32** | | **ABS (American Bureau of Shipping)** | **Grade EH32** | | **Lloyd's Register** | **Grade EH32** | | **DNV** | **Grade EH32** | | **European Norm (EN)** | **EH32** (EN 10225) | | **Chinese GB** | **EH32** (GB 712) | | **Japanese (JIS)** | **KE32** | | **Korean (KS)** | **KE32** | --- #### **3. Chemical Composition (Weight %)** | Element | Composition (%) | |---------|-----------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.16 max | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.90-1.60 | | **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.025 max | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.025 max | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.10-0.50 | | **Aluminum (Al)** | 0.015 min (for fine grain practice) | | **Niobium (Nb)** | 0.02-0.05 | | **Vanadium (V)** | 0.05-0.10 | | **Titanium (Ti)** | 0.02 max | | **Copper (Cu)** | 0.35 max | | **Nickel (Ni)** | 0.40 max (when specified) | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 0.20 max | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 0.08 max | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | **Key Composition Features:** - **Restricted Carbon Content**: Maximum 0.16% for enhanced weldability and toughness - **Microalloying Elements**: Nb, V, Ti for grain refinement and precipitation strengthening - **Fine Grain Practice**: Mandatory Al treatment with minimum 0.015% - **Carbon Equivalent (Ceq)**: Typically ≤ 0.38% for excellent weldability - **Optional Nickel Addition**: For improved low-temperature toughness --- #### **4. Mechanical Properties** **Tensile Properties:** - **Tensile Strength**: 470-590 MPa (68-86 ksi) - **Yield Strength**: 315 MPa (46 ksi) min - **Elongation in 50 mm (2 in)**: 22% min - **Yield to Tensile Ratio**: 0.67-0.80 typical **Impact Properties:** - **Charpy V-Notch Test Temperature**: **-40°C (-40°F)** - **Minimum Impact Energy**: **34 J (25 ft-lbf)** - **Test Direction**: Longitudinal and transverse as specified - **Test Location**: Surface and quarter-thickness positions --- #### **5. Physical Properties** | Property | Value | |----------|-------| | **Density** | 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 205 GPa (29,700 ksi) | | **Shear Modulus** | 80 GPa (11,600 ksi) | | **Poisson's Ratio** | 0.29 | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 47.0 W/m·K at 20°C | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 11.8 × 10⁻⁶ /K (20-100°C) | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 450 J/kg·K | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.22 μΩ·m | --- #### **6. Product Applications** **Critical Marine Applications:** - Icebreaker hull plating and framing - Polar class vessel ice belts - Arctic offshore drilling rig structures - LNG carrier containment system support - Ice-strengthened container ships and bulk carriers **Specific Component Usage:** - Sheer strakes in ice-going vessels - Bow and stern framing in ice-class ships - Main deck plating in way of openings - Bottom plating in slamming areas - Critical joints and highly stressed areas --- #### **7. Fabrication Characteristics** **Welding Performance:** - **Excellent weldability** with low carbon equivalent - Recommended processes: FCAW, SAW, GMAW - **Pre-heat Requirements**: 75-150°C depending on thickness - **Interpass Temperature**: Maximum 200°C - **Carbon Equivalent (Ceq)**: 0.35-0.38% typical - **Filler Metal Selection**: AWS E81T1-K2, E91T1-K3 or nickel-containing electrodes **Forming Operations:** - Good cold forming characteristics down to -20°C - Normalized condition preferred for severe forming - Suitable for cold bending and rolling operations - Minimum bending radii per classification society rules **Heat Treatment:** - Typically supplied in normalized or TMCP condition - Thermo-mechanical controlled processing (TMCP) commonly used - Stress relieving: 550-600°C for 1 hour per 25 mm thickness --- #### **8. Quality Assurance & Testing** **Mandatory Tests:** - Ladle chemical analysis for each heat - Product analysis from each plate - Tension tests from each plate - **Charpy V-notch tests at -40°C** from each plate - Bend tests when specified **Additional Requirements:** - Fine austenitic grain size verification (ASTM 5-8) - Ultrasonic testing per ASTM A578 Level II - Through-thickness testing when specified - Hardness surveys for welding procedure qualification --- #### **9. Corrosion & Service Performance** - **Low Temperature Toughness**: Maintains ductility down to -60°C - **Ice Abrasion Resistance**: Superior to conventional grades - **Corrosion Fatigue**: Enhanced performance in cold seawater - **Cryogenic Service**: Suitable for LNG carrier applications - **Recommended Coating Systems**: High-build epoxy with ice-resistant properties --- #### **10. Available Product Forms & Sizes** - Plates: 6 mm to 150 mm thickness - Wide plates: Up to 4500 mm width - Standard lengths: 6000-18000 mm - Special sizes available per mill capability --- **Technical Notes:** - Grade EH32 provides the optimal combination of high strength and low-temperature toughness - TMCP processing ensures excellent through-thickness properties - Requires certified welding procedures for low-temperature applications - Special attention needed for welding in cold weather conditions - Mill test certificates must include impact test results at -40°C *This information is for reference purposes. For complete technical requirements, consult the latest ASTM A131/A131M specification and applicable classification society rules (ABS, DNV, LR, etc.). Not for design purposes - always verify properties with current certified mill test reports.* -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A131 Steel, grade EH32 Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4225 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A131 Steel, grade EH32 Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of ASTM A131 Steel Flange, grade EH32 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers ASTM A131 Steel Flange, grade EH32 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of ASTM A131 Steel Flange, grade EH32 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 696 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition