ASTM A446 Steel Flange, grade A

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A446 Steel Flange, grade A Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A446 Steel Flange, grade A Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

ASTM A446 Steel, grade A Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ### **Technical Data Sheet: ASTM A446 Steel, Grade A** --- #### **1. Product Overview** ASTM A446 Grade A is a **high-strength, zinc-coated (galvanized) structural steel sheet** specifically designed for corrugated steel pipe, pipe-arches, and other structural plate applications. This grade is part of the A446 standard covering steel sheet, zinc-coated (galvanized) by the hot-dip process, with structural physical qualities. Grade A provides a balanced combination of strength, formability, and corrosion resistance, making it suitable for various civil engineering and construction applications. --- #### **2. International Standards & Equivalents** | Standard Organization | Designation | |-----------------------|-------------| | **ASTM International** | **A446 Grade A** | | **UNS Number** | **K02300** | | **ISO International Standard** | **ISO 3575** | | **European Norm (EN)** | **EN 10346 DX51D+Z** | | **Japanese (JIS)** | **G 3302** | | **Chinese GB** | **GB/T 2518** | --- #### **3. Chemical Composition (Weight %)** | Element | Composition (%) | |---------|-----------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.20 max | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.60 max | | **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.035 max | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.035 max | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.30 max | | **Copper (Cu)** | 0.20 min (when required) | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | **Key Composition Features:** - **Controlled Carbon Content**: Maximum 0.20% for good weldability and formability - **Moderate Manganese**: Up to 0.60% for adequate strength - **Standard Impurity Limits**: Typical for structural quality steels - **Copper Option**: Available for enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance --- #### **4. Mechanical Properties** **Tensile Properties:** - **Tensile Strength**: 310 MPa (45,000 psi) min - **Yield Strength**: 230 MPa (33,000 psi) min - **Elongation in 50 mm (2 in)**: 20% min **Hardness Properties:** - **Brinell Hardness**: 95-145 HB typical - **Rockwell Hardness**: 50-75 HRB typical **Coating Properties:** - **Coating Weight**: 275 g/m² (0.90 oz/ft²) min - **Coating Adhesion**: Good - withstands forming without flaking --- #### **5. Physical Properties** | Property | Value | |----------|-------| | **Density** | 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 200 GPa (29,000 ksi) | | **Shear Modulus** | 77 GPa (11,200 ksi) | | **Poisson's Ratio** | 0.29 | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 52.0 W/m·K at 20°C | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 11.7 × 10⁻⁶ /K (20-100°C) | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 475 J/kg·K | --- #### **6. Product Applications** **Civil Engineering Applications:** - **Corrugated Steel Pipe**: Drainage culverts, storm sewers - **Pipe-Arches**: Structural support systems - **Soil Reinforcement**: Retaining wall systems - **Erosion Control**: Slope protection systems **Construction Applications:** - **Structural Plate Structures**: Bridges, underpasses - **Tunnel Liners**: Temporary and permanent tunnel support - **Foundation Systems**: Subsurface structural elements - **Utility Structures**: Access chambers, utility tunnels **Infrastructure Applications:** - **Highway Drainage Systems**: Culverts and drainage pipes - **Railway Underpasses**: Structural plate pipe systems - **Agricultural Drainage**: Field drainage systems - **Mining Applications**: Ventilation ducts, access ways --- #### **7. Manufacturing & Fabrication** **Forming Characteristics:** - **Good Formability**: Suitable for corrugating and bending operations - **Minimum Bend Radius**: 1.0 × thickness for 90° bends - **Coating Adhesion**: Maintains integrity during forming processes - **Surface Quality**: Commercial galvanized finish **Welding Performance:** - **Good Weldability**: With proper procedures and precautions - **Recommended Processes**: SMAW, GMAW with zinc-compatible electrodes - **Ventilation**: Required due to zinc fume generation - **Post-weld Treatment**: Zinc-rich paint recommended for repaired areas **Corrugation & Fabrication:** - **Corrugation Compatibility**: Excellent for standard corrugation profiles - **Fastening Methods**: Bolting, riveting, and special connectors - **Field Modification**: Suitable for on-site cutting and adjustment --- #### **8. Quality Assurance & Testing** **Standard Tests:** - Chemical analysis (ladle analysis) - Tension test - Bend test - Coating weight test (triple-spot test) - Coating adherence test **Additional Tests (when specified):** - Hardness test - Impact test - Dimensional verification - Surface quality inspection --- #### **9. Corrosion Performance** - **Atmospheric Corrosion**: Excellent due to zinc coating protection - **Soil Corrosion**: Good performance in most soil types - **Water Resistance**: Suitable for freshwater applications - **Service Life**: Typically 20-50 years depending on environment - **Protection Mechanism**: Sacrificial protection from zinc coating --- #### **10. Available Product Forms** **Standard Dimensions:** - **Thickness Range**: 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm (0.040" to 0.120") - **Width Range**: 600 mm to 1500 mm (24" to 60") - **Length Range**: Coils or cut lengths as required **Surface Conditions:** - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Standard spangle finish - Minimum coating weight 275 g/m² --- #### **11. Technical Specifications** **Coating Requirements:** - **Coating Weight**: 275 g/m² (0.90 oz/ft²) minimum - **Coating Uniformity**: Commercially acceptable - **Surface Quality**: Suitable for structural applications **Dimensional Tolerances:** - **Thickness Tolerance**: ±0.10 mm - **Width Tolerance**: +6 mm, -0 mm - **Length Tolerance**: +10 mm, -0 mm - **Flatness**: Commercially acceptable --- **Technical Notes:** - Grade A provides the baseline strength level in the A446 standard series - Suitable for service in most soil and water conditions - Zinc coating provides cathodic protection to steel substrate - Proper handling recommended to maintain coating integrity - Design should account for potential corrosion in aggressive environments - Compliance with ASTM A929 for corrugated steel pipe specifications required *This information is for reference purposes. For complete requirements and current specifications, consult the latest ASTM A446 standard and applicable structural design codes. Always verify material properties with certified mill test reports for structural applications.* -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A446 Steel, grade A Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4251 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A446 Steel, grade A Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of ASTM A446 Steel Flange, grade A -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers ASTM A446 Steel Flange, grade A -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of ASTM A446 Steel Flange, grade A -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 722 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition