ASTM A 568 and A 635 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel Flange, Structural Steel Flange (SS)

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AK Steel Flange ASTM A 568 and A 635 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel Flange, Structural Steel Flange (SS) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AK Steel Flange ASTM A 568 and A 635 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel Flange, Structural Steel Flange (SS) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AK Steel ASTM A 568 and A 635 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **AK Steel Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel to ASTM A568 & ASTM A635 Specifications** --- ## **1. Overview** AK Steel's hot-rolled carbon steel products manufactured to **ASTM A568** and **ASTM A635** represent two fundamental categories of commercial and structural quality steel sheet and strip. These specifications define the standard requirements for one of the most widely used families of flat-rolled steel in North America. While both cover similar grades, they differ significantly in scope and application focus: - **ASTM A568/A568M:** A comprehensive specification covering **steel sheet and strip in coils and cut lengths**, including carbon, high-strength low-alloy, and stainless steels. It establishes general requirements for dimensions, tolerances, and quality. - **ASTM A635/A635M:** Specifically covers **heavy-thickness carbon steel sheets and strip in coils**, typically for applications requiring heavier gauges than standard sheet products. These products serve as the backbone material for countless industrial and commercial applications where strength, formability, and cost-effectiveness are balanced. --- ## **2. International Standards** These products conform to the following standards, which are widely recognized across North America and internationally: ### **ASTM A568/A568M** - **Full Title:** Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Structural, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for - **Scope:** Provides general requirements for dimensions, tolerances, quality, and testing procedures for hot-rolled and cold-rolled sheet and strip. - **Common Grades Covered:** Includes Commercial Steel (CS), Drawing Steel (DS), Structural Steel (SS), High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA), and others. ### **ASTM A635/A635M** - **Full Title:** Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy Thickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Commercial, Drawing, Structural, and High-Strength Low-Alloy, Quality - **Scope:** Specifically addresses heavier gage hot-rolled coils (typically thicker than standard sheet products) with controlled chemistry and properties. - **Key Distinction:** Primarily for coil products, often with less restrictive tolerances than A568 for heavier gauges. --- ## **3. Chemical Composition (Typical by Grade Category)** Chemistry varies significantly by specific grade within these specifications. Below are representative ranges: | Grade Category | C (max, %) | Mn (max, %) | P (max, %) | S (max, %) | Si (max, %) | Key Characteristics | |----------------|------------|-------------|------------|------------|-------------|---------------------| | **Commercial Steel (CS)** | 0.10-0.25 | 0.60-0.90 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.10-0.30 | Good formability, general purpose | | **Drawing Steel (DS)** | 0.06-0.15 | 0.40-0.70 | 0.030 | 0.035 | 0.10-0.30 | Superior ductility for deep drawing | | **Structural Steel (SS) Gr 33/36/40** | 0.15-0.28 | 0.60-1.20 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.10-0.30 | Higher strength for structural applications | | **High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Gr 45/50/55** | 0.15-0.22 | 0.80-1.40 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.10-0.40 | Microalloyed with Nb/V for enhanced strength | **Note:** A635 typically includes similar grades but may have modified chemistry limits for heavier sections. Both specifications allow for various deoxidation practices (rimmed, capped, killed). --- ## **4. Physical & Mechanical Properties** Properties vary by grade designation within the specifications: ### **ASTM A568 & A635 Common Grade Requirements** | Grade Designation | Yield Strength Min (ksi) | Tensile Strength Min (ksi) | Elongation Min (% in 2") | Typical Applications | |-------------------|--------------------------|----------------------------|--------------------------|----------------------| | **CS Type A/B** | 25-30 | 45-52 | 23-25 | General fabrication, panels | | **DS Type A/B** | 25-28 | 45-50 | 26-28 | Deep drawn parts, automotive | | **SS Grade 33** | 33 | 49 | 22 | Light structural members | | **SS Grade 36** | 36 | 53 | 20 | Structural framing, equipment | | **SS Grade 40** | 40 | 55 | 20 | Higher strength structures | | **HSLA Grade 45** | 45 | 60 | 18-20 | Weight-sensitive structures | | **HSLA Grade 50** | 50 | 65 | 18-20 | Heavy equipment, trailers | | **HSLA Grade 55** | 55 | 70 | 17-19 | Mining equipment, high-strength applications | ### **Physical Constants (Typical for Carbon Steels)** - **Density:** 0.284 lb/in³ (7.85 g/cm³) - **Modulus of Elasticity:** 29,000 ksi (200 GPa) - **Poisson's Ratio:** 0.29 - **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** 6.5×10⁻⁶/°F (11.7×10⁻⁶/°C) ### **Key Distinctions Between A568 and A635:** - **A568:** More precise dimensional tolerances, wider range of finishes, suitable for both coils and cut lengths - **A635:** Designed for heavier gauges (typically >0.229" or 5.8mm), coil form emphasis, may have modified property requirements for thickness effects --- ## **5. Key Features & Advantages** ### **ASTM A568 Products:** - **Versatility:** Covers both hot-rolled and cold-rolled products across multiple quality levels - **Precision:** Stricter dimensional tolerances for demanding applications - **Quality Consistency:** Comprehensive quality requirements including surface finish standards - **Broad Availability:** Widely stocked in various thicknesses and widths ### **ASTM A635 Products:** - **Heavy Section Capability:** Optimized for thicker gauges (typically 0.229" to 0.625" or thicker) - **Cost-Effectiveness:** Economical for heavy structural applications - **Coil Efficiency:** Supplied in large coils for continuous processing - **Structural Integrity:** Designed for applications requiring substantial material thickness ### **Shared Advantages:** - **Excellent Formability:** Can be bent, stamped, and formed using standard equipment - **Superior Weldability:** Compatible with all common welding processes - **Good Machinability:** Can be drilled, punched, and cut with standard tools - **Paintability:** Provides excellent substrate for various coating systems after proper surface preparation - **Proven Performance:** Decades of successful use in industrial applications --- ## **6. Product Applications** ### **ASTM A568 (General Sheet Applications):** - **Automotive Components:** Frames, brackets, reinforcements - **Appliance Manufacturing:** Outer casings, internal structural components - **Building Products:** Roofing, siding, decking, purlins - **Furniture & Fixtures:** Office furniture, retail displays, shelving - **HVAC Equipment:** Ductwork, housings, supports - **General Fabrication:** Brackets, guards, enclosures, platforms ### **ASTM A635 (Heavy Structural Applications):** - **Construction Equipment:** Excavator components, bulldozer blades, crane parts - **Agricultural Machinery:** Tractor frames, implement components, harvester parts - **Transportation:** Truck frames, trailer components, railcar structural members - **Heavy Fabrication:** Base plates, machine frames, structural weldments - **Material Handling:** Conveyor supports, heavy-duty racking systems - **Industrial Equipment:** Press frames, equipment bases, support structures ### **Grade-Specific Applications:** - **CS Grades:** General fabrication where formability is primary concern - **DS Grades:** Deep drawn components, automotive body panels, complex shapes - **SS Grades:** Building frames, structural supports, load-bearing members - **HSLA Grades:** Weight-sensitive structures, mobile equipment, high-strength applications --- ## **7. Fabrication & Processing Notes** ### **Cutting & Shearing:** - Can be cut using all conventional methods: shear, plasma, laser, oxy-fuel - Heavy sections (A635) may require more powerful equipment - Proper tool clearances and sharp tooling recommended for shearing ### **Forming & Bending:** - **CS/DS Grades:** Excellent formability; tight bend radii possible (1/2T or less) - **SS/HSLA Grades:** Require larger bend radii (1T to 3T depending on strength) - Springback increases with strength level; compensation in tooling required - Forming lubricants recommended for complex shapes ### **Welding:** - **Weldability:** Excellent for CS/DS; good for SS/HSLA with proper procedures - **Processes:** All common methods applicable (SMAW, GMAW, FCAW, SAW) - **Consumables:** Match filler metal strength to base metal - **Preheat:** Generally not required for CS/DS; recommended for SS (>0.75") and HSLA grades - **Post-Weld Treatment:** Usually not required except for critical applications ### **Surface Preparation & Finishing:** - **Mill Scale:** Must be removed for painting or plating (pickling, blasting, grinding) - **Cleaning:** Degrease before painting or welding - **Priming/Painting:** Excellent paint adhesion with proper surface preparation - **Galvanizing:** Widely used for corrosion protection; compatible with hot-dip processes ### **Special Considerations for A635:** - **Heavy Gauge Effects:** Longer preheat times may be needed for welding - **Flatness:** May require leveling for precision fabrication - **Internal Stresses:** Consider stress relief for complex heavy weldments --- ## **8. Quality & Testing** ### **Standard Testing:** - **Tensile Testing:** Per ASTM A370 - **Bend Testing:** For ductility verification - **Chemical Analysis:** Verification of composition - **Surface Inspection:** Visual examination per specification requirements ### **Certification:** - Mill Test Reports (MTRs) provided with shipment - Certification to specified requirements - Traceability maintained through heat numbers --- ## **Disclaimer** *The information provided herein is for general reference purposes only. AK Steel is now part of Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. Properties and specifications may vary by specific grade, heat treatment, and processing conditions. For critical applications, always consult the latest editions of:* - **ASTM A568/A568M** – For general sheet requirements - **ASTM A635/A635M** – For heavy-thickness coil requirements - **Applicable grade specifications** (e.g., A1011 for SS grades) *Always review certified Mill Test Reports for the specific material lot being used. Consult with material engineers and perform appropriate testing for your specific application requirements. Processing recommendations should be verified through procedure qualification for critical applications.* -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AK Steel ASTM A 568 and A 635 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4593 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AK Steel ASTM A 568 and A 635 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel, Structural Steel (SS) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AK Steel Flange ASTM A 568 and A 635 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel Flange, Structural Steel Flange (SS) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AK Steel Flange ASTM A 568 and A 635 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel Flange, Structural Steel Flange (SS) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AK Steel Flange ASTM A 568 and A 635 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel Flange, Structural Steel Flange (SS) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1064 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition