1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
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Bethlehem Steel Flange BETHSTAR Grade 50 1/4 to 2-1/2 in. thick, killed Steel Flange plate Product Information
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Bethlehem Steel Flange BETHSTAR Grade 50 1/4 to 2-1/2 in. thick, killed Steel Flange plate Synonyms
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Bethlehem Steel BETHSTAR Grade 50 1/4 to 2-1/2 in. thick, killed steel plate Product Information
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### **Product Datasheet: Bethlehem Steel BETHSTAR® Grade 50 Steel Plate**
**Product Overview**
Bethlehem Steel BETHSTAR® Grade 50 is a high-quality, fine-grained, **fully killed** structural steel plate offering superior toughness, excellent weldability, and reliable mechanical properties. Designed for critical applications requiring enhanced performance beyond standard carbon steel, this plate undergoes rigorous production controls, including fine-grain practice and deoxidation with silicon and aluminum (killing), ensuring a uniform, sound internal structure with minimal porosity. It is available in thicknesses ranging from **1/4 inch (6.4 mm) to 2-1/2 inches (63.5 mm)**.
**Key International Standards & Specifications**
BETHSTAR® Grade 50 was Bethlehem Steel's proprietary grade, designed to meet or exceed the requirements of several prominent international and industry specifications:
* **Primary Equivalent:** **ASTM A572 / A572M Grade 50** - High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel.
* **Also Conforms To:** **ASTM A529 / A529M Grade 50** (Structural Steel with 50 ksi Yield Point) and the **American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) Guide Rules** for normalized hull structural steel.
* **Key Distinction:** As a killed steel, it inherently provides better through-thickness properties and internal soundness compared to semi-killed or rimmed steels, often making it suitable for applications referenced in **ASTM A6** supplementary requirements for improved toughness.
**Chemical Composition (Typical, Weight % - Based on ASTM A572 Gr 50)**
The killed steel practice, involving aluminum addition, results in a fine austenitic grain size, which translates to enhanced toughness and ductility.
| Element | Standard Requirement (Max, unless noted) | Typical BETHSTAR® Grade 50 Aim / Range |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Carbon (C)** | 0.23% | 0.18 - 0.22% |
| **Manganese (Mn)** | 1.35% | 1.00 - 1.30% |
| **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.04% | ≤ 0.025% |
| **Sulfur (S)** | 0.05% | ≤ 0.025% |
| **Silicon (Si)** | 0.40% | 0.15 - 0.30% (for deoxidation) |
| **Columbium (Cb/Nb)** | 0.05% (Vanadium alternative) | 0.005 - 0.030% (for grain refinement & strengthening) |
| **Vanadium (V)** | 0.15% (Columbium alternative) | May be used in combination or alone |
| **Aluminum (Al), Total** | (For killed steel, min. often required) | ≥ 0.010% (key for fine grain practice) |
| **Nitrogen (N)** | - | Controlled |
**Physical & Mechanical Properties**
| Property | Standard Requirement (ASTM A572 Gr 50) | Typical BETHSTAR® Grade 50 Performance |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Yield Strength (Min)** | 50 ksi (345 MPa) | 55 - 65 ksi (380 - 450 MPa) |
| **Tensile Strength** | 65 ksi (450 MPa) Min | 70 - 80 ksi (483 - 552 MPa) |
| **Elongation in 2" (Min)** | 21% | 22 - 28% |
| **Modulus of Elasticity** | ~29,000 ksi (200 GPa) | ~29,000 ksi (200 GPa) |
| **Density** | 0.284 lb/in³ (7.85 g/cm³) | 0.284 lb/in³ (7.85 g/cm³) |
| **Key Feature** | **Killed Steel & Fine Grain:** Ensures superior internal soundness, improved toughness (particularly in thicker sections), and better through-thickness ductility. Offers excellent Charpy V-Notch impact properties at moderate temperatures. | |
**Product Applications**
BETHSTAR® Grade 50 was a versatile plate specified for a wide range of structural applications where reliability, weldability, and good low-temperature toughness were essential:
* **Heavy Industrial & Commercial Construction:** Primary beams, columns, and connections in bridges, high-rise buildings, and industrial facilities.
* **Shipbuilding & Marine Structures:** Hull plating, frames, and other critical components for barges, workboats, and offshore structures (meeting ABS standards).
* **Mining & Material Handling Equipment:** Chassis, frames, and buckets for loaders, excavators, and haul trucks where durability is key.
* **Pressure Vessels & Storage Tanks:** For shells and heads where killed steel specifications are mandated for integrity.
* **General Fabrication:** As a premium alternative to ASTM A36 for any application requiring guaranteed 50 ksi yield strength with enhanced properties.
**Advantages & Fabrication Notes**
* **Excellent Weldability:** The combination of controlled carbon content and killed steel practice minimizes the risk of weld-related defects. All standard welding processes (SMAW, GMAW, SAW) are readily applicable.
* **Superior Toughness:** The fine-grained, killed microstructure provides good resistance to brittle fracture, making it suitable for dynamic or low-temperature service environments.
* **Uniform Properties:** The killed steel process ensures consistent mechanical properties throughout the plate thickness and across the entire plate surface.
* **Formability:** Offers good cold bending and forming characteristics, consistent with its ductility and yield strength.
* **Legacy Product Note:** BETHSTAR® was a branded product line of the now-defunct Bethlehem Steel. Modern equivalents are readily available as ASTM A572 Grade 50 killed steel from major contemporary steel producers.
**Disclaimer:**
This datasheet describes the historical **Bethlehem Steel BETHSTAR® Grade 50** product based on its conformance to industry standards. For current projects, it is recommended to specify **ASTM A572 Grade 50 (killed, fine-grained)** and source material from active producers who can supply certified mill test reports confirming chemistry, mechanical properties, and killed steel practice.
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Bethlehem Steel BETHSTAR Grade 50 1/4 to 2-1/2 in. thick, killed steel plate Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4658 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
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Bethlehem Steel BETHSTAR Grade 50 1/4 to 2-1/2 in. thick, killed steel plate Properties
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Applications of Bethlehem Steel Flange BETHSTAR Grade 50 1/4 to 2-1/2 in. thick, killed Steel Flange plate
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Chemical Identifiers Bethlehem Steel Flange BETHSTAR Grade 50 1/4 to 2-1/2 in. thick, killed Steel Flange plate
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Packing of Bethlehem Steel Flange BETHSTAR Grade 50 1/4 to 2-1/2 in. thick, killed Steel Flange plate
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Standard Packing:
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Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1129 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
