1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
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Bethlehem Steel Flange ASTM A852, 3/16 to 4 in. thick, Steel Flange plate Product Information
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Bethlehem Steel Flange ASTM A852, 3/16 to 4 in. thick, Steel Flange plate Synonyms
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Bethlehem Steel ASTM A852, 3/16 to 4 in. thick, steel plate Product Information
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## **Product Datasheet: Bethlehem Steel ASTM A852 Steel Plate**
**Product Overview**
Bethlehem Steel ASTM A852 is a premium high-strength, low-alloy (HSLA) **quenched and tempered (Q&T)** structural steel plate specifically formulated for **atmospheric corrosion resistance**. It combines the high strength and excellent toughness of a quenched and tempered microstructure with approximately **two times the atmospheric corrosion resistance** of carbon structural steel (without copper). Often referred to as "weathering Q&T steel," it is designed for exposed structural applications where a higher strength-to-weight ratio is required alongside a maintenance-free, protective rust patina. This plate is available in a wide thickness range from **3/16 inch (4.8 mm) to 4 inches (101.6 mm)**.
**Key International Standards**
* **Primary Standard:** **ASTM A852 / A852M** - Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plate with 70 ksi [485 MPa] Minimum Yield Strength to 4 in. [100 mm] Thick.
* **Governing Specification:** This product conforms to the requirements of ASTM A852. The standard is specific to a **70 ksi (485 MPa) minimum yield strength** grade.
* **Heat Treatment Condition:** Supplied in the **quenched and tempered condition**. This involves water quenching from the austenitizing temperature followed by tempering to achieve the required combination of strength and toughness.
* **Corrosion Resistance:** The chemistry, containing chromium, copper, and nickel, promotes the formation of a dense, adherent protective oxide layer (patina) when exposed to weather, with a corrosion rate typically **twice that of carbon steel** per the standard.
* **Supplementary Requirements:** Commonly invoked with **ASTM A6** requirements, especially:
* **S1 (Charpy V-Notch Impact Testing):** Critical for this grade, often specified at low temperatures (e.g., -50°F / -46°C).
* **S4 (Ultrasonic Examination):** For plates over 1 inch thick.
* **S5 (Maximum Carbon Equivalent):** To ensure weldability.
**Chemical Composition (Weight % - ASTM A852 Requirements)**
The chemistry is balanced to provide hardenability for Q&T, atmospheric corrosion resistance, and good weldability.
| Element | ASTM A852 Requirement (Max, unless noted) | Typical Bethlehem Steel Range |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Carbon (C)** | 0.19% | 0.14 - 0.18% |
| **Manganese (Mn)** | 1.10% | 0.90 - 1.05% |
| **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.035% | ≤ 0.020% |
| **Sulfur (S)** | 0.04% | ≤ 0.010% |
| **Silicon (Si)** | 0.30 - 0.65% | 0.40 - 0.55% |
| **Copper (Cu)** | 0.20 - 0.40% | 0.25 - 0.35% |
| **Nickel (Ni)** | 0.25 - 0.50% | 0.30 - 0.45% |
| **Chromium (Cr)** | 0.40 - 0.70% | 0.50 - 0.65% |
| **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 0.05 - 0.30% | 0.08 - 0.20% |
| **Vanadium (V)** | 0.02 - 0.10% | 0.04 - 0.08% |
| **Carbon Equivalent (C.E. IIW)** | Not specified | Typically 0.45 - 0.52 |
**Physical & Mechanical Properties**
*Note: For plates over 1.5 inches thick, ASTM A852 allows for a slight reduction in tensile strength and elongation requirements.*
| Property | Requirement (ASTM A852) | Typical Performance / Notes |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Yield Strength (Min)** | 70 ksi (485 MPa) | 75 - 85 ksi (517 - 586 MPa) for thinner plates; 70 - 80 ksi for thicker plates. |
| **Tensile Strength** | 90 - 110 ksi (620 - 760 MPa) | 95 - 105 ksi (655 - 724 MPa) |
| **Elongation in 2" (Min)** | 18% (for plates ≤ 3/4") | Typically 19-22% |
| **Charpy V-Notch Toughness (As-Q&T)** | Excellent; Often ≥ 40 ft-lb @ -50°F (-46°C). | A hallmark of this grade, providing outstanding fracture resistance for exposed structures in cold climates. |
| **Modulus of Elasticity** | ~29,000 ksi (200 GPa) | ~29,000 ksi (200 GPa) |
| **Density** | ~0.284 lb/in³ (7.85 g/cm³) | ~0.284 lb/in³ (7.85 g/cm³) |
| **Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance** | **Approximately 2x that of carbon steel.** | The alloying elements (Cr, Cu, Ni) enable the formation of a stable, protective rust layer, reducing long-term maintenance. |
| **Key Feature** | **High-Strength Weathering Steel:** Uniquely combines the high strength (70 ksi yield) and excellent low-temperature toughness of quenched and tempered steel with the maintenance-free corrosion performance of a weathering grade, enabling lighter, more durable exposed structures. |
**Product Applications**
ASTM A852 is specified for critical, exposed structural applications where both high strength/weight ratio and long-term durability without painting are required, particularly in aggressive or cold environments.
* **High-Strength Exposed Bridges:** Fracture-critical members, lightweight girders, and arches in signature bridges where weight savings and durability are crucial.
* **Offshore & Marine Structures (above splash zone):** Modules, helidecks, and topside structures on platforms where weight reduction and corrosion resistance reduce lifecycle costs.
* **Power Transmission & Communication Towers:** For tall, heavy-loaded towers where reduced member size and elimination of painting offer significant advantages.
* **Building Construction:** Exposed architectural elements, long-span trusses, and seismic force-resisting systems in aggressive urban or industrial atmospheres.
* **Heavy Equipment & Mining:** Booms, frames, and structural components for equipment operating in exposed, corrosive environments.
**Advantages & Fabrication Notes**
* **Superior Strength & Toughness:** The Q&T process provides a much better strength-toughness combination than as-rolled or normalized weathering steels (e.g., A588), allowing for more efficient, fracture-resistant designs.
* **Good Weldability with Precautions:** Weldable with proper low-hydrogen procedures. However, due to its Q&T condition and moderate CE, it requires:
* **Strict Preheat/Interpass Control:** Typically 300-400°F (149-204°C) depending on thickness.
* **Controlled Heat Input:** To preserve Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ) properties.
* **Potential for PWHT:** May be required for thick, highly restrained welds.
* **Maintenance & Sustainability Benefits:** The weathering characteristic eliminates repeated painting, reducing lifecycle costs and environmental impact.
* **Formability:** Limited cold formability due to high strength. Hot forming is possible but requires subsequent re-quenching and tempering.
* **Environmental Suitability:** Like all weathering steels, it requires wet/dry cycles to form the patina and is not suitable for continuous immersion, saltwater splash zones, or highly polluted industrial atmospheres.
* **Legacy Product Note:** Bethlehem Steel was a key producer of this advanced weathering steel. Modern equivalents are readily available as **ASTM A852** from contemporary plate mills. It is often compared to **ASTM A871-65**, which is a similar 65 ksi yield weathering Q&T steel.
**Disclaimer:**
This datasheet describes the historical **Bethlehem Steel** product meeting **ASTM A852**. For current procurement, specify **ASTM A852** along with required supplementary conditions (impact test temperature, UT). It is crucial to understand that this is a **heat-treated steel** with specific fabrication requirements that differ from standard weathering steels. Fabricators must be experienced with welding Q&T steels. The project specification should clearly address environmental suitability, fabrication practices (including thermal cutting and welding), and the management of "run-down" staining from weld and cut edges during patina formation. The Mill Test Certificate will verify the Q&T condition, chemistry, and mechanical properties.
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Bethlehem Steel ASTM A852, 3/16 to 4 in. thick, steel plate Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4690 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
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Bethlehem Steel ASTM A852, 3/16 to 4 in. thick, steel plate Properties
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Applications of Bethlehem Steel Flange ASTM A852, 3/16 to 4 in. thick, Steel Flange plate
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Chemical Identifiers Bethlehem Steel Flange ASTM A852, 3/16 to 4 in. thick, Steel Flange plate
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Packing of Bethlehem Steel Flange ASTM A852, 3/16 to 4 in. thick, Steel Flange plate
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Standard Packing:
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Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1161 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
