1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
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Bethlehem Steel Flange ASTM A871 Grade 60 3/16 to 6 in. thick, Steel Flange plate Product Information
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Bethlehem Steel Flange ASTM A871 Grade 60 3/16 to 6 in. thick, Steel Flange plate Synonyms
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Bethlehem Steel ASTM A871 Grade 60 3/16 to 6 in. thick, steel plate Product Information
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## **Product Datasheet: Bethlehem Steel ASTM A871 Grade 60 Steel Plate**
**Product Overview**
Bethlehem Steel ASTM A871 Grade 60 is a **quenched and tempered (Q&T) high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) structural steel plate** engineered specifically for **atmospheric corrosion resistance**. This premium grade combines a guaranteed **60 ksi minimum yield strength** with a fine-grained tempered martensitic/bainitic microstructure, offering superior toughness and fatigue resistance compared to as-rolled weathering steels. Its unique chemistry, featuring chromium, copper, and nickel, allows it to develop a protective, self-healing oxide patina when exposed to the elements, providing approximately **two times the corrosion resistance of plain carbon steel**. This plate is available in an exceptionally broad thickness range from **3/16 inch (4.8 mm) to 6 inches (152.4 mm)**, making it suitable for both lightweight and massive structural components.
**Key International Standards**
* **Primary Standard:** **ASTM A871 / A871M** - Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plate with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance.
* **Governing Specification:** This product conforms to the requirements for **Grade 60** as defined in ASTM A871. The standard covers multiple grades (Grades 60, 65, 70) with different yield strengths.
* **Heat Treatment Condition:** Supplied in the **quenched and tempered (Q&T) condition**.
* **Corrosion Resistance:** The alloy design provides a corrosion resistance index at least **two times greater than that of plain carbon steel (ASTM A36)** when subjected to atmospheric exposure. This performance is verified through standardized testing.
* **Supplementary Requirements:** Commonly invoked with **ASTM A6** requirements, especially critical for thick plate:
* **S1 (Charpy V-Notch Impact Testing):** Mandatory for most applications, often at low temperatures. For plates > 1.5", testing at the **quarter-thickness (T/4) location** is standard.
* **S4 (Ultrasonic Examination):** Typically required for plates over 1 inch thick.
* **S5 (Maximum Carbon Equivalent):** To ensure weldability.
**Chemical Composition (Weight % - ASTM A871 Grade 60 Requirements)**
The chemistry is balanced for hardenability, corrosion resistance, and weldability. Phosphorus and sulfur are controlled to low levels.
| Element | ASTM A871 Grade 60 Requirement (Max, unless noted) | Typical Bethlehem Steel Range |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Carbon (C)** | 0.20% | 0.14 - 0.18% |
| **Manganese (Mn)** | 1.35% | 1.00 - 1.25% |
| **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.04% | ≤ 0.020% |
| **Sulfur (S)** | 0.05% | ≤ 0.010% |
| **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.50% | 0.20 - 0.40% |
| **Copper (Cu)** | 0.20 - 0.50% | 0.25 - 0.40% |
| **Nickel (Ni)** | 0.25 - 0.50% | 0.30 - 0.45% |
| **Chromium (Cr)** | 0.40 - 0.70% | 0.50 - 0.65% |
| **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 0.08% max (if added) | 0.05 - 0.08% |
| **Vanadium (V)** | 0.06% max (if added) | 0.03 - 0.06% |
| **Carbon Equivalent (C.E. IIW)** | Not specified | Typically 0.40 - 0.48 |
**Physical & Mechanical Properties**
*Note: For plates over 1.5 inches thick, the standard allows for adjusted tensile and elongation requirements. Properties are typically verified at the T/4 location for thick plate.*
| Property | Requirement (ASTM A871 Grade 60) | Typical Performance / Notes |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Yield Strength (Min)** | 60 ksi (415 MPa) | 65 - 75 ksi (448 - 517 MPa) for thinner plates; 60 - 70 ksi for very thick plates (at T/4). |
| **Tensile Strength** | 75 ksi (515 MPa) Min | 80 - 90 ksi (552 - 621 MPa) |
| **Elongation in 2" (Min)** | 19% (for plates ≤ 3/4") | Typically 20-24% |
| **Charpy V-Notch Toughness (As-Q&T)** | Excellent; Often specified ≥ 30 ft-lb @ -50°F (-46°C). | The Q&T process yields excellent low-temperature toughness, a key advantage over as-rolled weathering grades. |
| **Modulus of Elasticity** | ~29,000 ksi (200 GPa) | ~29,000 ksi (200 GPa) |
| **Density** | ~0.284 lb/in³ (7.85 g/cm³) | ~0.284 lb/in³ (7.85 g/cm³) |
| **Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance** | **Approximately 2x that of plain carbon steel (A36).** | Forms a dense, adherent rust patina that retards further corrosion, enabling a maintenance-free aesthetic. |
| **Key Feature** | **High-Toughness Weathering Steel:** Delivers the structural efficiency and fracture resistance of a quenched & tempered steel (60 ksi yield) alongside the proven, long-term durability of a weathering grade, ideal for critical exposed structures in demanding environments. |
**Product Applications**
ASTM A871 Grade 60 is specified for critical, exposed structural applications where a balance of high strength, excellent toughness, and long-term corrosion resistance is required.
* **High-Performance Bridges:** Fracture-critical members, lightweight girders, and arches in highway and railway bridges, particularly in cold or corrosive environments.
* **Offshore & Marine Structures (Atmospheric Zone):** Topsides modules, helidecks, and living quarters on oil & gas platforms and offshore wind substations.
* **Power Transmission & Heavy-Duty Towers:** For lattice towers and poles where reduced weight and elimination of painting provide significant lifecycle benefits.
* **Building & Architectural Structures:** Exposed seismic moment frames, long-span roof trusses, and signature architectural elements in aggressive urban atmospheres.
* **Heavy Mining & Material Handling Equipment:** Booms, frames, and supports for outdoor equipment where fatigue life and durability are critical.
**Advantages & Fabrication Notes**
* **Superior Toughness & Fatigue Resistance:** The Q&T microstructure provides significantly better impact toughness and fatigue performance than as-rolled weathering steels like ASTM A588, allowing for more reliable performance under dynamic loads.
* **Good Weldability with Procedure Control:** Weldable using low-hydrogen processes. Requires careful attention to:
* **Preheat/Interpass Temperature:** Typically 250-350°F (121-177°C) depending on thickness and CE.
* **Heat Input Control:** To preserve HAZ toughness.
* **Potential for Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT):** May be necessary for thick, highly restrained welds to relieve residual stresses.
* **Lifecycle & Sustainability:** Eliminates the recurring cost and environmental impact of painting, offering a sustainable solution for permanent infrastructure.
* **Formability:** Limited cold formability due to its high strength. Hot forming requires subsequent re-austentizing, quenching, and tempering.
* **Environmental Suitability:** Requires atmospheric exposure with wet/dry cycles to form the protective patina. **Not recommended** for continuous immersion, saltwater splash zones, or atmospheres with high concentrations of chlorides or industrial pollutants.
* **Legacy Product Note:** Bethlehem Steel was a leading producer of this advanced weathering Q&T steel. Modern equivalents are readily available as **ASTM A871 Grade 60** from contemporary plate mills. It is often compared to **ASTM A852 (70 ksi yield)** and **ASTM A588 (as-rolled, 50 ksi yield)**, offering an intermediate strength option with superior toughness.
**Disclaimer:**
This datasheet describes the historical **Bethlehem Steel** product meeting **ASTM A871 Grade 60**. For current procurement, specify **ASTM A871 Grade 60** along with all necessary supplementary requirements (impact testing temperature/energy, UT, max CE). It is critical to recognize this as a **heat-treated steel**; fabrication (welding, thermal cutting) must follow qualified procedures designed for Q&T steels. The project specification must address environmental suitability, fabrication practices to manage weld zone properties, and detailing to facilitate proper patina formation and drainage. The Mill Test Certificate will verify the Q&T condition, chemistry, and mechanical properties from the appropriate test location (surface or T/4).
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Bethlehem Steel ASTM A871 Grade 60 3/16 to 6 in. thick, steel plate Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4691 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
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Bethlehem Steel ASTM A871 Grade 60 3/16 to 6 in. thick, steel plate Properties
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Applications of Bethlehem Steel Flange ASTM A871 Grade 60 3/16 to 6 in. thick, Steel Flange plate
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Chemical Identifiers Bethlehem Steel Flange ASTM A871 Grade 60 3/16 to 6 in. thick, Steel Flange plate
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Packing of Bethlehem Steel Flange ASTM A871 Grade 60 3/16 to 6 in. thick, Steel Flange plate
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Standard Packing:
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Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1162 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
