1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
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AISI 1566 Steel Flange Composition Spec (UNS G15660) Product Information
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AISI 1566 Steel Flange Composition Spec (UNS G15660) Synonyms
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AISI 1566 Steel Composition Spec (UNS G15660) Product Information
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### **Product Introduction: AISI 1566 / UNS G15660 Extra High Manganese Carbon Steel**
**1. Overview**
AISI 1566 (UNS G15660) is an extra high-manganese, high-carbon steel grade designed for applications demanding the highest level of strength, hardness, and wear resistance within the standard carbon-manganese steel family. It represents the upper end of the "15xx" series, with its significantly elevated manganese (Mn) content (typically 1.45-1.75%) providing exceptional hardenability. This allows even very large and thick cross-sections to be uniformly hardened to a high degree, achieving remarkable surface hardness and excellent core strength. It is a premium choice for the most demanding industrial components subject to severe abrasion, rolling contact fatigue, and heavy impact.
**2. Chemical Composition (Weight %)**
The standard chemical composition is defined as follows:
| Element | Minimum (%) | Maximum (%) |
| :------ | :---------- | :---------- |
| Carbon (C) | 0.60 | 0.71 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 1.45 | 1.75 |
| Phosphorus (P) | - | 0.040 |
| Sulfur (S) | - | 0.050 |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.15 | 0.30 |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance | Balance |
*(Note: Minor residual elements may be present within allowable limits. Lower sulfur and phosphorus levels are often specified for premium quality forgings.)*
**3. Physical & Mechanical Properties (Typical, Annealed or As-Rolled Condition)**
Properties in the as-rolled or annealed state are provided for reference, but AISI 1566 is almost always used in a heat-treated condition.
* **Density:** 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³)
* **Melting Point:** ~1415-1450°C (2580-2640°F)
* **Modulus of Elasticity:** 200-210 GPa (29-30 x 10⁶ psi)
* **Poisson's Ratio:** 0.29
* **Thermal Conductivity:** ~46 W/m·K (at 100°C) - Slightly lower than lower-alloy steels due to high Mn content.
* **Machinability:** ~45% (compared to 100% for AISI 1212). Machining is challenging and is best performed in the annealed or normalized condition using appropriate tools and techniques.
**Mechanical Properties (Heat Treated - Quenched & Tempered)**
When properly quenched and tempered, AISI 1566 achieves outstanding mechanical properties, especially in heavy sections.
* **Tensile Strength:** 900 - 1150+ MPa (130 - 167+ ksi)
* **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset):** 700 - 950+ MPa (102 - 138+ ksi)
* **Elongation (in 50mm):** 12% - 18%
* **Reduction in Area:** 35% - 45%
* **Hardness:** 269 - 341 HB (Approx. 28 - 37 HRC), can be raised to over 50 HRC with specific quenching and lower tempering temperatures.
* **Impact Toughness (Charpy V-notch):** Good, but highly dependent on tempering temperature. Higher tempering yields better toughness.
**4. Product Applications**
AISI 1566 is specified for the most critical, high-stress, and wear-intensive components, particularly where large section sizes are involved.
* **Heavy-Duty Gearing:** Large industrial gears, pinions, and gear shafts in mining, cement, and power generation equipment where high tooth strength and wear resistance are paramount.
* **Railroad & Transportation:** High-integrity railroad wheels, axles, heavy-duty couplers, and traction motor shafts.
* **Construction & Mining Equipment:** Critical forged components such as track links for heavy excavators, bucket teeth adapters, crusher jaws (smaller sizes), roller pins, and drive shafts for large machinery.
* **Oil & Gas Industry:** Large-diameter shafts, mandrels, and other heavily loaded components in drilling and pumping equipment.
* **Forgings & Machinery:** High-strength forgings requiring deep and uniform hardening, such as large bolts, hydraulic cylinder rods for heavy presses, and rolls for rolling mills.
**5. International Standards & Cross-References**
AISI 1566 / UNS G15660 is recognized under several international standards.
| Standard | Designation | Remarks |
| :------- | :---------- | :------ |
| **UNS** | G15660 | Unified Numbering System. |
| **ASTM** | A510 (Grade 1566) | Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire. Also referenced in some bar specifications. |
| **SAE / AMS** | SAE J403 (1566) | SAE Standard Chemical Composition. |
| **FED / QQ** | QQ-S-635 (Class 4) | May be referenced for applicable bar stock. |
| **DIN (Germany)** | ~1.0901 / 38Mn7 | The closest European equivalent, though compositions may vary slightly. |
| **JIS (Japan)** | ~SB 56, SMn 2 | Japanese standards with similar high Mn-C characteristics. |
| **BS (UK)** | ~080A67, 150M36 | British standards with comparable hardenability but different Mn ranges. |
*(Critical Note: While these grades are often used interchangeably based on hardenability, precise chemical limits can differ. For replacement or qualification, a direct compositional and mechanical property comparison is essential.)*
**6. Heat Treatment**
AISI 1566 requires careful heat treatment to unlock its full potential and manage distortion due to its high hardenability.
* **Annealing:** Full annealing (heating to 830-860°C / 1525-1580°F and slow cooling) is performed to soften the steel for machining.
* **Normalizing:** Used to refine the grain structure after forging.
* **Quenching & Tempering (Q&T):** This is the standard hardening process.
* **Austenitizing:** 815-845°C (1500-1555°F)
* **Quenching:** Typically in oil for most sections to minimize distortion and cracking risk; water or polymer quenches may be used for the largest sections to achieve maximum hardness.
* **Tempering:** Immediately after quenching. Temperatures range from 425-650°C (800-1200°F), balancing the final hardness, strength, and toughness requirements.
**Conclusion**
AISI 1566 (UNS G15660) is a premium-grade, deep-hardening carbon-manganese steel engineered for maximum performance in the most challenging environments. Its exceptionally high manganese content grants it superior hardenability, making it the material of choice for large, heavy-section components that must withstand extreme wear, high contact stresses, and significant impact loads. It is a cornerstone material in heavy industry, mining, and transportation sectors.
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AISI 1566 Steel Composition Spec (UNS G15660) Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5053 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
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AISI 1566 Steel Composition Spec (UNS G15660) Properties
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Applications of AISI 1566 Steel Flange Composition Spec (UNS G15660)
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Chemical Identifiers AISI 1566 Steel Flange Composition Spec (UNS G15660)
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Packing of AISI 1566 Steel Flange Composition Spec (UNS G15660)
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Standard Packing:
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Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1524 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
