AISI 94B17 Steel Flange

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 94B17 Steel Flange Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 94B17 Steel Flange Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 94B17 Steel Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Technical Datasheet: AISI 94B17 Steel** ## **1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW** **AISI 94B17** is a **medium-carbon, boron-treated alloy steel** designed for applications requiring **good hardenability, strength, and toughness** at an economical cost. Belonging to the **94Bxx series**, this grade utilizes a precise addition of boron (B) to significantly enhance its hardenability without the need for large quantities of expensive alloying elements like nickel, chromium, or molybdenum. The "17" denotes a nominal carbon content of **0.17%**, positioning it between low-carbon case-hardening steels and medium-carbon through-hardening grades. This steel is commonly supplied in the annealed or normalized condition for machining, followed by **quenching and tempering** to achieve high strength throughout its cross-section. It can also be **case hardened (carburized or carbonitrided)** for applications requiring a wear-resistant surface. Its balanced composition makes it a versatile and cost-effective choice for a wide range of medium-duty to heavy-duty components. **Key Characteristics:** - **Boron-Enhanced Hardenability:** Achieves deep and uniform hardening in oil, suitable for moderately sized sections. - **Good Strength-to-Toughness Balance:** Offers a favorable combination of tensile strength and impact resistance after proper heat treatment. - **Cost-Effective Performance:** Provides mechanical properties comparable to more highly alloyed steels at a lower material cost. - **Good Machinability:** In the annealed condition, it allows for efficient machining and forming. --- ## **2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION** **Compliance:** SAE J404, ASTM A29 | Element | Minimum (%) | Maximum (%) | Typical (%) | Metallurgical Function | | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.17 | Provides core strength and hardenability; primary contributor to hardness after quenching. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.70 | 1.00 | 0.85 | Increases hardenability and strength; aids in deoxidation. | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.20 | 0.35 | 0.25 | A powerful deoxidizer; provides solid solution strengthening. | | **Boron (B)** | 0.0005 | 0.0030 | 0.0015 | **Critical Hardenability Multiplier:** Drastically increases hardenability by segregating to austenite grain boundaries and delaying the formation of soft transformation products (ferrite, pearlite). | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 0.35 | 0.65 | 0.50 | Enhances hardenability, wear resistance, and tempering resistance. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | — | 0.035 | ≤ 0.025 | Residual element (impurity); controlled for embrittlement. | | **Sulfur (S)** | — | 0.040 | ≤ 0.025 | Residual element; improves machinability when combined with manganese (forms MnS inclusions). | | **Nickel (Ni)** | — | 0.25* | ≤ 0.20 | May be present as a residual from scrap. | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | — | 0.06* | ≤ 0.05 | May be present as a residual from scrap. | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | — | Balance | Base metal. | *\* Nickel and Molybdenum are not specified as required elements; their presence is residual and typically minimal.* **Critical Metallurgical Note on Boron:** The effectiveness of boron is highly sensitive to its chemical state. To ensure boron remains in its active, "free" form and does not combine with nitrogen (to form inert boron nitride, BN), the steel is often **"boron-protected."** This is achieved by adding small amounts of strong nitride-forming elements, typically **Titanium (Ti)** or **Zirconium (Zr)** (e.g., 0.02-0.04% Ti), which preferentially bond with nitrogen. --- ## **3. PHYSICAL & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES** ### **A. Physical Properties:** - **Density:** 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) - **Modulus of Elasticity (Young's Modulus):** 205 GPa (29.7 x 10⁶ psi) - **Poisson's Ratio:** 0.29 - **Thermal Conductivity:** ~46 W/m·K @ 100°C - **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** 12.5 x 10⁻⁶/°C (20-300°C) ### **B. Mechanical Properties in Supply Condition (Annealed/Normalized):** - **Hardness (Annealed):** 156-207 HB - **Hardness (Normalized):** 187-229 HB - **Machinability:** Good. Rated at approximately **65-70%** of a 1212 free-machining steel standard. ### **C. Typical Mechanical Properties After Quench & Temper (Through-Hardened):** *Properties are highly dependent on section size and tempering temperature.* | Tempering Temperature | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength (0.2%) | Elongation (%) | Reduction in Area (%) | Hardness (HRC) | | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | **205°C (400°F)** | 1650-1930 MPa (240-280 ksi) | 1380-1655 MPa (200-240 ksi) | 9-12 | 35-45 | 48-54 | | **425°C (800°F)** | 1240-1380 MPa (180-200 ksi) | 1105-1240 MPa (160-180 ksi) | 12-16 | 45-55 | 38-44 | | **540°C (1000°F)** | 1035-1170 MPa (150-170 ksi) | 930-1035 MPa (135-150 ksi) | 15-20 | 50-60 | 32-38 | **Charpy V-Notch Impact Toughness:** Typically 27-54 J (20-40 ft-lb) at room temperature when tempered in the 425-540°C range. ### **D. Properties After Case Hardening:** - **Surface Hardness (Carburized & Hardened):** 58-63 HRC - **Core Hardness:** 30-42 HRC (depends on section size and quench) - **Effective Case Depth:** Application-specific, commonly 0.5-1.5 mm. --- ## **4. HEAT TREATMENT** ### **A. Preliminary Conditioning (For Machining):** - **Annealing:** Heat to 830-860°C (1525-1580°F), slow furnace cool. Produces a soft, ferrite-pearlite structure for optimal machinability. - **Normalizing:** Heat to 870-900°C (1600-1650°F), air cool. Refines grain structure and is a common supplied condition. ### **B. Through-Hardening (Quench & Temper):** 1. **Austenitizing:** Heat to **830-860°C (1525-1580°F)**. Soak time: ~1 hour per inch of thickness. 2. **Quenching:** **Oil quench.** The boron addition provides sufficient hardenability for oil quenching of moderate sections (e.g., up to ~50-75 mm / 2-3 inches diameter for full hardness at the center). 3. **Tempering:** Immediately temper after quenching to achieve desired strength/toughness balance. Common range: **425-650°C (800-1200°F)**. ### **C. Case Hardening (Carburizing):** 1. **Carburizing:** 900-925°C (1650-1700°F) in a carbon-rich atmosphere (CP ~0.8-1.0%). 2. **Quenching:** Direct oil quench from carburizing temperature or reheat to 800-850°C (1470-1560°F) and oil quench. 3. **Tempering:** 150-200°C (300-400°F) for 1-2 hours to relieve stresses. **Important Consideration for Boron Steels:** Avoid excessive austenitizing temperatures or times, as this can promote **"boron embrittlement,"** where boron segregates to and weakens prior austenite grain boundaries. --- ## **5. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS** AISI 94B17's balanced properties make it suitable for a broad spectrum of components requiring good strength, wear resistance, and reasonable toughness. - **Automotive & Transportation:** - **Gears:** Transmission gears, differential gears, synchronizer rings. - **Shafts:** Axle shafts, drive shafts, power take-off (PTO) shafts, camshafts. - **Fasteners:** High-strength bolts, pins, U-bolts, wheel studs. - **Other:** Sprockets, hubs, hydraulic cylinder rods. - **Agricultural & Construction Equipment:** - Gears and pinions for transmissions and final drives. - Track links, rollers, and idlers. - Plow shares and cultivator components (when through-hardened). - Loader arm pins and bushings. - **General Industrial Machinery:** - **Shafting:** General-purpose power transmission shafts. - **Gearing:** Industrial gearbox gears and pinions. - **Wear Parts:** Slides, guides, rollers, and wear plates. - **Tooling:** Jigs, fixtures, and die components (non-cutting). --- ## **6. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS & EQUIVALENTS** ### **Primary Designations:** - **United States:** AISI 94B17, SAE 94B17, UNS G94171 - **Common Supply Standards:** ASTM A29 (Standard Specification for Steel Bars), ASTM A304 (for bars subject to hardenability requirements) ### **Approximate International Equivalents:** *Note: These are grades with similar compositions and applications. Exact chemical ranges may differ.* | Country/Standard | Designation | Notes | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Europe (EN)** | 1.5528 / 1.7131 | 16B16Cr1 / 16MnCrB5 (Similar boron-chromium steels) | | **Germany (DIN/W-Nr.)** | 1.5528 / 1.7131 | 16B16Cr1 / 16MnCrB5 | | **Japan (JIS)** | — | No direct equivalent. SCM435/440 or SNCM220 are common medium-alloy alternatives. | | **United Kingdom** | 530H17 / 527M17 | Similar boron-treated steels. | | **ISO** | — | No direct ISO designation. | --- ## **7. ADVANTAGES AND CONSIDERATIONS** ### **Advantages:** - **Excellent Hardenability/Cost Ratio:** Achieves deep hardening more economically than many Cr-Mo or Ni-Cr-Mo steels. - **Versatility:** Can be used for both through-hardening and case hardening applications. - **Good Machinability:** Favorable for producing complex parts. - **Wide Availability:** Commonly stocked by steel service centers in various forms. ### **Considerations / Limitations:** - **Boron Embrittlement Risk:** Requires careful control of heat treatment parameters to avoid overheating. - **Welding:** Generally **not recommended** for fabrication. If welding is unavoidable, it requires extensive precautions: pre-heat, low-hydrogen electrodes, and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). - **Fatigue Performance:** While adequate for many uses, it may not match the very high fatigue strength of cleaner, more highly alloyed steels like 4340 or 4140 in the most critical applications. - **Temperature Limitation:** The beneficial effect of boron on hardenability is lost at temperatures above approximately **400-450°C (750-840°F)**, limiting its use in high-temperature service. ### **Comparison with Similar Grades:** - **vs. 1045 / 1050:** 94B17 has significantly better hardenability, allowing oil quenching of larger sections and providing better core properties in case-hardened parts. - **vs. 4140 / 4142:** 94B17 is more cost-effective and has comparable (or slightly better) hardenability but generally lower toughness and tempering resistance. 4140 is often preferred for more critical, high-integrity components. - **vs. 94B15:** 94B17 has higher carbon content, resulting in higher core strength and hardness after heat treatment, but slightly lower toughness and case hardenability. **Conclusion:** AISI 94B17 is a **robust, economical workhorse steel** ideally suited for a wide array of components where a balance of strength, hardenability, and cost is paramount. Its performance is particularly valuable in automotive, agricultural, and general industrial sectors for parts like shafts, gears, and fasteners that do not require the ultimate performance of premium alloy steels. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 94B17 Steel Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5780 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 94B17 Steel Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 94B17 Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 94B17 Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 94B17 Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2251 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition