AISI Type M3 Class 1 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel Flange (UNS T11313)

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type M3 Class 1 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel Flange (UNS T11313) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type M3 Class 1 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel Flange (UNS T11313) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI Type M3 Class 1 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel (UNS T11313) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: AISI Type M3 Class 1 High-Vanadium Molybdenum High-Speed Tool Steel (UNS T11313)** ## **Overview** AISI Type M3 Class 1 is a **high-vanadium, molybdenum-tungsten high-speed steel** belonging to the AISI M-series. Characterized by its **elevated vanadium content (2.25-2.75%)**, this grade represents a **balanced high-performance HSS** designed to provide **superior wear resistance** while maintaining good toughness and grindability. Positioned between standard M2 and ultra-high-vanadium grades, M3 Class 1 offers an optimal compromise for applications requiring enhanced abrasion resistance without the extreme processing challenges of higher-vanadium steels. **Key Advantages:** - **Enhanced Wear Resistance:** Higher vanadium content provides improved abrasion resistance over M2 - **Good Hot Hardness:** Maintains cutting performance at elevated temperatures - **Reasonable Grindability:** More grindable than higher-vanadium grades (M4, M15) - **Good Toughness Balance:** Maintains adequate impact resistance for demanding applications - **Versatile Performance:** Suitable for a wide range of demanding cutting applications **Primary Considerations:** - Reduced grindability compared to M2 - Higher cost than standard M2 - Requires more careful heat treatment control - Not suitable for extreme abrasion conditions requiring maximum wear resistance ## **International Designations & Standards** | Standard System | Designation | Note | |----------------|-------------|------| | **AISI/SAE (USA)** | M3 Class 1 | Primary specification | | **UNS (USA)** | T11313 | Unified numbering system | | **ASTM (USA)** | A600 | High-Speed Tool Steel Standard | | **ISO (International)** | ~**HS6-5-3** | Similar high-vanadium composition | | **DIN (Germany)** | 1.3344 | Equivalent high-vanadium HSS | | **JIS (Japan)** | SKH52 | Japanese high-vanadium HSS | | **BS (UK)** | ~**BM3** | High-vanadium HSS | | **GB (China)** | W6Mo5Cr4V3 | Chinese high-vanadium HSS | *Note: M3 Class 1 is distinguished from M3 Class 2 by its slightly lower carbon and vanadium content, providing better grindability and toughness.* --- ## **1. Chemical Composition (Typical, Weight %)** M3 Class 1 features moderately elevated vanadium within a balanced tungsten-molybdenum matrix. | Element | Content (%) | Role & Metallurgical Effect | |---------|-------------|-----------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 1.00 - 1.10 | Higher than M2 to support increased vanadium carbide formation. Balanced for optimal hardness-toughness combination. | | **Vanadium (V)** | 2.25 - 2.75 | **Key wear element.** Forms hard vanadium carbides (VC, V₄C₃) that provide exceptional abrasion resistance. Higher than M2 but lower than M3 Class 2. | | **Tungsten (W)** | 5.00 - 6.75 | Provides hot hardness through tungsten carbide formation and solid solution strengthening. Slightly adjusted from M2 balance. | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 4.75 - 6.50 | Enhanced from M2 to compensate for tungsten adjustment. Provides cost-effective hot hardness and hardenability. | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 3.75 - 4.50 | Standard HSS level for hardenability, oxidation resistance, and carbide formation. | | **Cobalt (Co)** | 0.0 - 1.00 (Optional) | Sometimes added for specific applications requiring enhanced hot hardness. | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.20 - 0.45 | Deoxidizer and matrix strengthener. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.15 - 0.40 | Enhances hardenability. | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤0.030 | Residual impurity. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤0.030 | Residual impurity. | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Matrix element. | **Key Metallurgical Features:** - **Vanadium Carbide Volume:** ~8-12% (higher than M2's 6-10%) - **Primary Carbides:** MC (V-rich), M₆C (W/Mo-rich), M₂₃C₆ (Cr-rich) - **Carbide Distribution:** Finer and more uniform than in higher-vanadium grades - **Austenitizing Temperature:** 1190-1230°C (2175-2245°F) --- ## **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties** ### **Physical Properties** | Property | Typical Value | Conditions/Notes | |----------|---------------|------------------| | **Density** | 8.10 - 8.20 g/cm³ | At 20°C (68°F) | | **Melting Range** | 1360 - 1410°C (2480 - 2570°F) | | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 22 - 27 W/m·K | At 20°C (68°F) | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 420 - 460 J/kg·K | At 20°C (68°F) | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 10.8 - 11.6 × 10⁻⁶/K | 20-600°C (68-1110°F) range | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.54 - 0.62 μΩ·m | At 20°C (68°F) | | **Elastic Modulus** | 205 - 215 GPa (29.7 - 31.2 × 10⁶ psi) | At room temperature | | **Thermal Diffusivity** | 6.0 - 7.0 mm²/s | At 20°C (68°F) | ### **Mechanical Properties (Properly Heat-Treated)** | Property | Value Range | Heat Treatment Condition | |----------|-------------|--------------------------| | **Hardness (Annealed)** | 235 - 277 HB | Annealed condition | | **Hardness (Hardened)** | 64 - 66 HRC | Triple tempered condition | | **Hot Hardness (600°C)** | 56 - 59 HRC | After 4 hours at temperature | | **Transverse Rupture Strength** | 3200 - 3800 MPa (464 - 551 ksi) | At 65 HRC | | **Compressive Strength** | 3700 - 4300 MPa (537 - 624 ksi) | At 65 HRC | | **Impact Toughness (Charpy)** | 18 - 26 J (13.3 - 19.2 ft·lb) | At 65 HRC | | **Young's Modulus** | 205 - 215 GPa (29.7 - 31.2 × 10⁶ psi) | At room temperature | | **Fatigue Strength** | 750 - 900 MPa (109 - 131 ksi) | Rotating bending, 10⁷ cycles | ### **Performance Comparison with M2** | Property | M3 Class 1 | M2 | Improvement | |----------|------------|----|-------------| | **Wear Resistance** | Very Good | Good | 20-40% better | | **Hot Hardness** | Similar | Good | Comparable | | **Toughness** | Good | Very Good | 10-20% lower | | **Grindability** | Fair | Good | 30-40% more difficult | | **Cost** | 1.2-1.4x | 1.0x | 20-40% higher | ### **Wear Resistance Characteristics** - **Abrasive Wear Resistance:** 30-50% better than M2 - **Adhesive Wear Resistance:** 20-30% better than M2 - **Edge Retention:** 25-40% longer than M2 in abrasive conditions - **Crater Wear Resistance:** Similar to M2 ### **Grindability Characteristics** - **Relative Grindability:** 60-70% (compared to M2 = 100%) - **Wheel Selection:** Premium aluminum oxide or CBN recommended - **Wheel Life:** 40-60% of M2 grinding - **Power Requirement:** 20-30% higher than M2 - **Surface Finish:** Requires careful technique --- ## **3. Product Applications** ### **Primary Application Areas** **1. Abrasive Material Machining:** - Cutting tools for cast iron and malleable iron - Tools for composite materials and fiber-reinforced plastics - Woodworking tools for abrasive hardwoods - Cutting tools for non-ferrous alloys with abrasive constituents **2. Production Tools Requiring Extended Life:** - Gear hobs and shaper cutters for production environments - Broaches for high-volume operations - Form tools and profile cutters - Milling cutters for continuous abrasive conditions **3. Specialized Cutting Applications:** - Tools for heat-treated materials (up to 45 HRC) - Cutting tools for stainless steels with abrasive additives - Tools for welding and cladding removal - Cutting tools for abrasive non-metallic materials ### **Industry-Specific Applications** | Industry | Typical M3 Class 1 Components | Performance Benefit | |----------|------------------------------|---------------------| | **Automotive** | Gear cutters, camshaft machining tools | Extended tool life in cast iron | | **Aerospace** | Cutting tools for composites, titanium with abrasive surface | Better edge retention | | **General Machining** | End mills, drills for abrasive materials | Reduced tool changes | | **Woodworking** | Router bits, planer knives for hardwoods | Longer sharpening intervals | | **Mold & Die** | Cutting tools for abrasive mold materials | Improved wear resistance | ### **Recommended Cutting Parameters** | Work Material | Cutting Speed (m/min) | Feed (mm/tooth) | Depth of Cut | Application Notes | |---------------|----------------------|-----------------|--------------|------------------| | **Gray Cast Iron** | 50-80 | 0.20-0.40 | 1-6 mm | Dry or air blast | | **Malleable Iron** | 45-75 | 0.15-0.35 | 1-5 mm | Standard coolant | | **Abrasive Composites** | 60-100 | 0.10-0.25 | 0.5-3 mm | Specialized coolants | | **Stainless Steel** | 30-50 | 0.10-0.25 | 1-4 mm | Enhanced coolant | | **Hardwoods** | 150-300 | 0.20-0.50 | 2-10 mm | Appropriate lubrication | --- ## **4. Heat Treatment Guidelines** ### **Annealing** - **Temperature:** 850-880°C (1560-1615°F) - **Soaking Time:** 3-4 hours - **Cooling Rate:** ≤15°C/hr to 540°C, then air cool - **Resulting Hardness:** 235-277 HB - **Atmosphere:** Protective atmosphere recommended ### **Stress Relieving** - **After Rough Machining:** 600-650°C (1110-1200°F), 2 hours - **After Rough Grinding:** 550-600°C (1020-1110°F), 1 hour - **Cooling:** Slow furnace cool ### **Hardening Process** 1. **Preheating (Essential):** - **First Stage:** 450-550°C (840-1020°F) - **Second Stage:** 800-850°C (1470-1560°F) 2. **Austenitizing:** - **Temperature:** 1190-1220°C (2175-2230°F) - **Soaking Time:** 2-5 minutes per 25mm thickness - **Atmosphere:** Controlled atmosphere or vacuum recommended - **Protection:** Salt bath or pack methods acceptable 3. **Quenching:** - **Oil Quench:** Fast oil, 40-60°C, good agitation - **Salt Bath Marquench:** 540-590°C, equalize, then air cool - **Air Cooling:** Limited to simple shapes ### **Tempering** - **Temperature:** 540-570°C (1000-1060°F) - **Cycles:** Minimum 3 tempers required - **Duration:** 1-2 hours per temper - **Cooling:** Air cool completely between tempers - **Final Hardness:** 64-66 HRC - **Retained Austenite:** <8% after proper treatment ### **Sub-Zero Treatment** - **Recommendation:** Beneficial but not essential - **Temperature:** -70 to -100°C (-95 to -150°F) - **Duration:** 2-4 hours - **Timing:** After quenching, before first temper - **Benefits:** Improved dimensional stability, slight hardness increase --- ## **5. Manufacturing & Processing** ### **Machinability (Annealed Condition)** - **Relative Machinability:** 35-45% (1% carbon steel = 100%) - **Tool Requirements:** Carbide tools essential - **Cutting Parameters:** - Turning: 20-35 m/min (65-115 SFM) with carbide - Milling: 15-25 m/min (50-80 SFM) with carbide - Drilling: 8-12 m/min (25-40 SFM) with carbide - **Chip Control:** Aggressive chip breakers recommended - **Coolant:** Heavy-duty soluble oil or synthetic ### **Grinding Operations** - **Abrasive Selection:** - **Primary:** Premium aluminum oxide A46-K8-V - **Alternative:** CBN for high-precision work - **Parameters:** - Wheel Speed: 25-30 m/s (5000-6000 SFPM) for aluminum oxide - Infeed: 0.003-0.012 mm/pass - Crossfeed: 1-3 mm/pass - Spark-out: 2-3 passes recommended - **Coolant:** High-volume water-based synthetic - **Dressing:** Frequent dressing for optimal results ### **Surface Treatments** - **Recommended Coatings:** TiN, TiCN, TiAlN - **Coating Benefits:** 2-4x tool life improvement - **Pre-coating Preparation:** Surface finish <0.4 μm Ra - **Edge Preparation:** Honing (0.03-0.07mm radius) - **Coating Thickness:** 2-4 microns optimal --- ## **6. Comparative Analysis** ### **vs. Other High-Vanadium HSS Grades** | Property | M3 Class 1 | M2 | M3 Class 2 | M4 | |----------|------------|----|------------|----| | **Vanadium Content** | 2.25-2.75% | 1.75-2.20% | 2.75-3.25% | 3.75-4.25% | | **Carbon Content** | 1.00-1.10% | 0.78-0.88% | 1.15-1.25% | 1.25-1.40% | | **Wear Resistance** | Very Good | Good | Excellent | Outstanding | | **Hot Hardness** | Good | Good | Good | Very Good | | **Toughness** | Good | Very Good | Fair | Fair | | **Grindability** | Fair | Good | Poor | Very Poor | | **Cost Factor** | 1.3-1.5x | 1.0x | 1.5-1.7x | 1.8-2.2x | ### **Performance Positioning** | Application Requirement | M3 Class 1 Suitability | Alternative Considerations | |------------------------|-----------------------|---------------------------| | **Moderate abrasion improvement over M2** | Excellent | M2 if wear not critical | | **Production tools for cast iron** | Very Good | M3 Class 2 for more severe conditions | | **Balanced wear/toughness** | Excellent | M4 for maximum wear resistance | | **General purpose with better wear** | Very Good | M2 for better grindability | | **Cost-effective wear improvement** | Excellent | Powder HSS for better consistency | ### **Economic Analysis** - **Material Cost:** 30-50% premium over M2 - **Tool Life Improvement:** 25-50% over M2 in abrasive conditions - **Grinding Cost:** 30-50% higher than M2 - **Total Cost Benefit:** Positive when abrasive wear is limiting factor - **Optimal Application Range:** Moderate to severe abrasive conditions --- ## **7. Quality Standards & Specifications** ### **Material Quality Requirements** - **Chemical Composition:** Must meet AISI specified ranges - **Decarburization Limit:** Maximum 0.10mm per side - **Hardness Uniformity:** ±1.5 HRC across tool - **Microstructure:** Uniform carbide distribution, appropriate size - **Surface Quality:** Free from defects per ASTM standards ### **Testing & Certification** - **Chemical Analysis:** Full spectrographic analysis - **Hardness Testing:** Multiple point verification - **Microstructural Examination:** Carbide size and distribution - **Performance Testing:** Optional for critical applications - **Certification:** Mill test certificates with traceability ### **Industry Standards Compliance** - **ASTM A600:** Primary governing standard - **ISO 4957:** International tool steel standard - **Customer Specifications:** Often include additional requirements - **Industry Best Practices:** Adherence to established guidelines --- ## **8. Technical Recommendations** ### **Selection Guidelines** **Choose M3 Class 1 When:** - M2 wear resistance is insufficient for application - Moderate abrasion improvement is needed without extreme cost - Good balance of wear resistance and toughness required - Grindability is still important consideration - Production volumes justify material cost premium **Consider Alternatives When:** - Maximum wear resistance needed (M4 or higher vanadium grades) - Extreme abrasion conditions exist (specialized grades) - Cost is primary driver (M2) - Maximum toughness required (lower vanadium grades) - Powder metallurgy benefits needed (PM HSS) ### **Application Best Practices** 1. **Parameter Optimization:** - Start with M2 parameters, adjust based on performance - Monitor wear patterns and tool life - Optimize coolant type and delivery 2. **Tool Design Considerations:** - Adequate core strength for expected loads - Optimized geometry for specific materials - Proper edge preparation and honing 3. **Process Integration:** - Machine condition assessment - Workholding optimization - Coolant system evaluation ### **Limitations and Constraints** - **Not for:** Extreme high-temperature applications (>600°C continuously) - **Avoid:** Severe interrupted cutting without proper tool design - **Limit:** Use in applications requiring maximum toughness - **Monitor:** Edge condition regularly in abrasive conditions ### **Troubleshooting Guide** | Problem | Potential Causes | Corrective Actions | |---------|-----------------|-------------------| | **Excessive Flank Wear** | Insufficient hardness, improper parameters | Verify heat treatment, optimize cutting parameters | | **Edge Chipping** | Excessive feed, poor edge preparation | Reduce feed rates, improve edge honing | | **Catastrophic Failure** | Overload, vibration, tool deflection | Improve rigidity, reduce cutting forces | | **Poor Surface Finish** | Dull tool, improper geometry | Regrind tool, optimize tool geometry | | **Inconsistent Performance** | Heat treatment variations, material inconsistency | Implement process control, batch testing | ### **Economic Optimization** - **Life Cycle Cost Analysis:** Include all relevant cost factors - **Performance Monitoring:** Track key performance indicators - **Preventive Maintenance:** Scheduled inspection and regrinding - **Supplier Collaboration:** Technical support for optimization --- ## **Disclaimer** This technical datasheet provides comprehensive information about AISI Type M3 Class 1 high-speed tool steel based on industry standards, technical literature, and application experience. Actual properties and performance may vary depending on: **Critical Performance Factors:** 1. **Material Quality:** Manufacturer's specific processes and quality control 2. **Heat Treatment Precision:** Control of time, temperature, atmosphere 3. **Tool Design & Geometry:** Optimization for specific applications 4. **Application Conditions:** Complete machining environment 5. **Operating Parameters:** Appropriate optimization for conditions **Important Implementation Guidelines:** - M3 Class 1 represents a specific performance niche between standard and high-vanadium HSS - Proper application engineering is essential for success - Performance should be validated under actual production conditions - Regular maintenance and monitoring maximize tool life and performance **Reference Standards:** - ASTM A600: Standard Specification for Tool Steel High Speed - ISO 4957: Tool steels - Manufacturer's technical data and processing guidelines This information represents current industry knowledge and best practices. As technology evolves, users should: - Verify current specifications with materials suppliers - Conduct application-specific testing for critical applications - Consult with technical specialists for unique requirements - Stay informed about developments in tool materials and coatings Always prioritize safety in all aspects of tool handling, operation, and maintenance, adhering to all applicable industry standards and regulations. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type M3 Class 1 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel (UNS T11313) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6724 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type M3 Class 1 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel (UNS T11313) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI Type M3 Class 1 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel Flange (UNS T11313) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI Type M3 Class 1 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel Flange (UNS T11313) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI Type M3 Class 1 Molybdenum High Speed Tool Steel Flange (UNS T11313) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3195 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition