AISI Type P5 Low carbon Mold Steel Flange (UNS T51605)

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type P5 Low carbon Mold Steel Flange (UNS T51605) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type P5 Low carbon Mold Steel Flange (UNS T51605) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI Type P5 Low carbon Mold Steel (UNS T51605) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: AISI Type P5 Low-Carbon Mold Steel (UNS T51605)** ## **Overview** **AISI P5 (UNS T51605)** is a **low-carbon, chromium-molybdenum carburizing mold steel** representing a middle ground within the traditional P-series. It combines the **moderate alloy content of P2 with a higher chromium level**, creating a steel designed for **general-purpose plastic injection molds and die casting dies** requiring a good balance of wear resistance, core strength, and toughness. Like other early P-series grades, P5 is supplied in a soft-annealed condition and must undergo **carburizing (case hardening)** to develop its final wear-resistant surface and strengthened core. ## **1. Chemical Composition (Nominal %)** P5's composition provides enhanced hardenability and wear potential compared to P1/P2 through increased chromium. | Element | Content (%) | Primary Function | |---------|------------|------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | ≤ 0.10 | **Very low.** Ensures excellent machinability and weldability in the annealed state, allowing for deep carburization. | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 2.00 - 2.50 | **Key element.** Significantly enhances hardenability of both core and case. Forms chromium carbides in the carburized layer for improved wear resistance over P1/P2. | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 0.35 - 0.55 | Increases hardenability (especially in heavier sections), improves toughness, and enhances tempering resistance. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.30 - 0.70 | Improves core hardenability and acts as a deoxidizer. | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.20 - 0.50 | Deoxidizer. | | **Nickel (Ni)** | ≤ 0.25 | May be present in trace amounts but is not a specified key element in P5. | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.03 | Residual impurity (kept low). | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.03 | Residual impurity (kept low). | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Base metal. | **Key Chemistry Note:** P5 is characterized by its **"C-Mo-Cr" system**, similar to many low-alloy engineering steels. The **~2.25% chromium content** is its defining feature, placing it between the low-chromium P2 and the high-chromium P4. This provides better through-hardenability than P2, allowing for a stronger core after heat treatment, and better wear resistance in the carburized case due to chromium carbide formation. It is a **general-purpose carburizing steel** optimized for reliable heat treatment response. ## **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties** Final properties are defined by the carburizing and subsequent heat treatment. | Property | Typical Value / Condition | |----------|--------------------------| | **Density** | ~7.85 g/cm³ | | **Melting Point** | ~1505°C (2740°F) | | **Thermal Conductivity** | ~42 W/m·K (Moderate) | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | ~11.8 × 10⁻⁶/K (20-100°C) | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 205 GPa (29.7 × 10⁶ psi) | | **Supplied Condition (Annealed)** | **~125-150 HB** (Soft, excellent machinability). | | **Core Hardness (After Carburize & HT)** | **30-40 HRC** (Moderately hard and tough low-alloy martensite). | | **Case Hardness (After Carburize & HT)** | **58-62 HRC** (High-carbon martensite with fine chromium-molybdenum carbides). | | **Effective Case Depth** | Typically 0.75mm to 2.0mm (0.030" to 0.080"). | | **Core Tensile Strength** | ~900-1150 MPa | | **Core Toughness (Impact)** | **Good.** Adequate for most mold applications, though not as high as nickel-bearing grades like P2 or P3. | | **Wear Resistance (Case)** | **Good to Very Good.** Superior to P1/P2 due to chromium carbides. | | **Dimensional Stability During HT** | **Fair.** The higher alloy content allows for oil quenching (reducing distortion vs. water), but carburizing inherently causes size changes. | ## **3. International Standards & Cross-References** P5 is a defined but largely historical carburizing mold steel. | Standard | Designation | Notes | |----------|------------|-------| | **UNS** | T51605 | | | **AISI/ASTM (USA)** | P5 (ASTM A681) | | | **ISO (International)** | **~20CrMo5** (ISO 4957) is a close functional equivalent for carburizing engineering steels. | | | **DIN (Germany)** | **~1.7262** (15CrMo5) or similar Cr-Mo carburizing steels. | | | **JIS (Japan)** | No direct equivalent in JIS mold steel series. Similar to SCM series carburizing steels (e.g., SCM415/418/420). | | | **GB (China)** | No direct common equivalent in tool steel standards. | | | **Common Name** | **Chromium-Molybdenum Carburizing Mold Steel** | | ## **4. Product Applications** P5 was intended as a versatile, general-purpose carburizing steel for a wide range of medium-duty mold applications. **Historical & General Applications:** * **Medium to Large Plastic Injection Molds:** For automotive components, appliance parts, and general industrial products. * **Zinc Die-Casting Dies:** For cavity inserts, cores, and ejector pins. * **Compression and Transfer Molds** for rubber and thermosets. * **Extrusion Dies** for plastics. * **General Tooling and Fixtures** requiring a hard wear surface over a strong core. **Typical Application Process:** 1. **Rough Machine** the soft P5 to near-final shape. 2. **Carburize** using pack or gas carburizing. 3. **Heat Treat:** Harden from ~830-860°C (1525-1580°F) with an **oil quench**. The alloy content makes it a good oil-hardening steel. 4. **Temper** at 150-200°C (300-390°F) for high case hardness, or higher for stress relief. 5. **Finish Machine/Grind** the hardened case to final dimensions. **Modern Context:** Like other carburizing P-series steels, P5 has been **almost entirely replaced by pre-hardened mold steels**. The process of machining soft steel, then carburizing and heat treating (with associated distortion), and finally machining the hardened case is economically and technically inferior to machining a pre-hardened block of **P20 (1.2311)** or similar steel to final dimensions in a single step. ## **5. Heat Treatment (Carburizing & Hardening)** * **Carburizing:** * **Method:** Gas carburizing preferred for control. * **Temperature:** 900-925°C (1650-1700°F). * **Goal:** Achieve a surface carbon content of 0.70-0.85%. * **Hardening (Post-Carburize):** * **Austenitize:** **830-860°C (1525-1580°F).** This temperature hardens the medium-carbon core and the high-carbon case. * **Quench:** **Oil quench.** The chromium and molybdenum content provide excellent oil hardenability. * Cool to hand-warm. * **Tempering:** * **Temper immediately.** * For molds: Temper at **150-200°C (300-390°F)** for 2+ hours to achieve high case hardness (~60-62 HRC). * **Double tempering** is recommended. ## **6. Key Advantages & Limitations** **Advantages (Historical Context):** * **Good Balance of Properties:** Offered better wear resistance than P1/P2 and better hardenability than P1. * **Reliable Oil Hardenability:** Reduced risk of cracking and distortion compared to water-quenched grades. * **Good Machinability** in the annealed state. **Limitations & Reasons for Obsolescence:** * **Obsolete Manufacturing Process:** The carburizing route is no longer competitive. * **Distortion:** Inherent in the carburizing and quenching process. * **No Advantage Over Pre-Hardened Steels:** Modern **P20 (1.2311)** at ~30 HRC offers similar or better machinability, no heat treatment distortion, and sufficient wear resistance for the vast majority of applications P5 was designed for. For more wear resistance, **pre-hardened 420 stainless steel (1.2083)** is a superior choice. * **No Corrosion Resistance.** --- **Disclaimer:** **AISI P5 is a historical grade of primarily academic and metallurgical interest.** It represents a step in the evolution of mold steels towards higher alloy content for better performance. For any contemporary mold or tooling application, **pre-hardened mold steels (P20, 420SS, H13) or through-hardening steels (D2, S7)** should be evaluated. Specifying P5 for a new project would be highly unusual and economically unjustifiable, given the superior alternatives available. The information provided is for historical reference and understanding the development of tool steel technology. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type P5 Low carbon Mold Steel (UNS T51605) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6751 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI Type P5 Low carbon Mold Steel (UNS T51605) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI Type P5 Low carbon Mold Steel Flange (UNS T51605) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI Type P5 Low carbon Mold Steel Flange (UNS T51605) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI Type P5 Low carbon Mold Steel Flange (UNS T51605) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3222 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition