1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
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AISI Type T4 Tungsten High Speed Tool Steel Flange (UNS T12004) Product Information
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AISI Type T4 Tungsten High Speed Tool Steel Flange (UNS T12004) Synonyms
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AISI Type T4 Tungsten High Speed Tool Steel (UNS T12004) Product Information
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# **Product Introduction: AISI Type T4 Tungsten High-Speed Tool Steel (UNS T12004)**
## **Overview**
**AISI T4 (UNS T12004)** is a **cobalt-enriched, tungsten-based high-speed steel (HSS)** designed to deliver **superior red-hardness and hot wear resistance**. As a direct evolution from the classic T1, T4 incorporates a **significant cobalt addition (4.25-5.00%)** to dramatically enhance its ability to maintain hardness and cutting edge integrity at elevated temperatures. It represents the entry point into the family of **cobalt-bearing super high-speed steels** within the T-series, offering a balanced performance upgrade for machining tough and high-temperature alloys where standard HSS grades like T1 or M2 begin to soften.
## **1. Chemical Composition (Nominal %)**
T4 builds upon the T1 foundation with a strategic cobalt alloying.
| Element | Content (%) | Primary Function |
|---------|------------|------------------|
| **Carbon (C)** | 0.70 - 0.80 | Provides matrix hardness and supports carbide formation. Slightly higher than T1 to balance the composition. |
| **Tungsten (W)** | 17.50 - 19.00 | **Primary element.** Forms stable tungsten carbides, providing the fundamental red-hardness and hot strength. |
| **Chromium (Cr)** | 3.75 - 4.50 | Ensures hardenability and provides oxidation resistance. |
| **Vanadium (V)** | 0.80 - 1.20 | Forms hard vanadium carbides for wear resistance; content is similar to T1. |
| **Cobalt (Co)** | **4.25 - 5.00** | **Key differentiating element.** Does not form carbides but dissolves in the matrix, dramatically increasing red-hardness, tempering resistance, and hot hardness through solid solution strengthening. |
| **Molybdenum (Mo)** | ≤ 0.50 (Residual) | Not a primary alloying element. |
| **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Base metal. |
**Key Chemistry Note:** T4's composition is essentially **"T1 + 4.5% Co"**. The **cobalt addition is its defining characteristic**. Cobalt raises the transformation temperatures and strengthens the ferrite matrix, allowing the tool to retain its hardness much more effectively when the cutting edge becomes hot during high-speed or heavy-duty machining. This comes at a slight cost to toughness and a significant increase in material cost due to the strategic nature of cobalt. The wear resistance is driven by the same tungsten and vanadium carbides as T1, but they are now supported by a thermally more stable matrix.
## **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties**
| Property | Typical Value / Condition |
|----------|--------------------------|
| **Density** | ~8.75 g/cm³ (High, due to W and Co) |
| **Melting Point** | ~1420°C (2590°F) |
| **Thermal Conductivity** | Low (~24 W/m·K) |
| **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | ~10.6 × 10⁻⁶/K (20-600°C) |
| **Modulus of Elasticity** | ~215 GPa (31.2 × 10⁶ psi) |
| **Annealed Hardness** | 241-285 HB |
| **Hardened & Tempered Hardness** | **64-66 HRC** (Can achieve and maintain high hardness). |
| **Red Hardness** | **Excellent to Outstanding.** Significantly better than T1. Maintains usable hardness well above **600°C (1110°F)**, suitable for high-speed machining of difficult materials. |
| **Abrasion Resistance** | **Very Good.** Comparable to T1; relies on the tungsten-vanadium carbide network. |
| **Toughness** | **Moderate.** Slightly lower than cobalt-free T1 due to the cobalt-strengthened matrix, which can be more brittle. Requires stable cutting conditions. |
| **Tempering Temperature** | 540-600°C (1000-1110°F), **triple tempering is essential**. |
| **Grindability** | **Poor** (~30-35% relative to M2). Difficult due to hard carbides; cobalt can increase work hardening during grinding. |
## **3. International Standards & Cross-References**
| Standard | Designation |
|----------|------------|
| **UNS** | T12004 |
| **AISI/ASTM (USA)** | T4 (ASTM A600) |
| **ISO (International)** | **HS 18-1-1-5** (ISO 4957: Tool steels) |
| **DIN (Germany)** | **1.3255** |
| **JIS (Japan)** | **SKH4** |
| **GB (China)** | **W18Cr4VCo5** (The "Co5" denotes the cobalt content) |
| **Common Name** | **5% Cobalt Tungsten High-Speed Steel** |
## **4. Product Applications**
T4 is selected for applications that generate high cutting temperatures, where thermal softening is the primary limit on tool life for standard HSS.
**Primary Applications:**
* **High-Speed Machining of Difficult Materials:**
* **Heat-resistant alloys** (some stainless steels, high-temperature alloys).
* **High-strength and high-hardness steels.**
* **Malleable and abrasive cast irons.**
* **Heavy-Duty Cutting Tools:**
* **Single-point turning and planing tools** for severe, high-speed cuts.
* **End mills, drills, and reamers** for tough materials in production environments.
* **Gear hobs and broaches** for long production runs where tool temperature rises.
* **Tools for Interrupted Cuts** on hard materials, where the cutting edge is subjected to thermal cycling.
**Application Rationale:** T4 is chosen over T1 or M2 when the cutting operation consistently pushes the tool into the temperature range where those grades begin to lose hardness rapidly. Its cobalt content "buys" additional speed or feed rate before thermal softening occurs. It is often compared to **M35 (Co5%)**, which offers similar red-hardness benefits but with the grindability and toughness advantages of the molybdenum-based series.
## **5. Processing & Heat Treatment Guidelines**
Heat treatment of T4 is similar to T1 but requires careful control to fully realize the cobalt's benefits.
* **Forging:** Heat slowly to **1100-1150°C (2010-2100°F)**. Do not forge below **950°C (1740°F)**. Cool very slowly.
* **Annealing:** Heat to **850-870°C (1565-1600°F)**, hold, then furnace cool slowly to **500°C (930°F)**.
* **Hardening (Austenitizing):**
1. **Preheating is critical:** Use two stages (e.g., 550-650°C then 800-850°C).
2. **Austenitize:** **1270-1290°C (2320-2355°F).** The high temperature is still required to dissolve tungsten carbides. Cobalt does not lower this requirement.
3. **Quench:** In salt bath, oil, or vacuum/gas.
* **Tempering:**
* **Temper immediately.**
* Temper at **550-570°C (1020-1060°F)** for 2+ hours per cycle.
* **Triple tempering is mandatory.** Cobalt promotes secondary hardening, and multiple tempers ensure maximum hardness and dimensional stability.
## **6. Comparative Position & Modern Context**
* **vs. T1:** T4 provides **significantly better red-hardness and hot wear performance**, allowing for higher productivity on difficult materials. It is a direct performance upgrade.
* **vs. M35 (Co5%):** These are **functional equivalents** in terms of red-hardness enhancement. M35 generally offers **better grindability, toughness, and more consistent carbide distribution** due to its molybdenum base, making it the more common choice in modern industry.
* **vs. Higher-Cobalt Grades (T5, T6, M42):** T4 has lower cobalt content, so its maximum red-hardness is less than these grades. It represents a middle tier of performance.
**Conclusion:** AISI T4 is a well-defined, capable cobalt-bearing tungsten HSS that successfully addresses the thermal softening limitations of the original T-series. While its use has declined in favor of more manufacturable molybdenum-cobalt grades like M35 and M42, it remains a standardized grade with a clear performance niche. It is a reliable choice for applications demanding the specific high-temperature performance profile of a tungsten-cobalt HSS, particularly in contexts where this traditional composition is specified or trusted.
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**Disclaimer:** T4 is a premium material requiring precise high-temperature heat treatment and presents grinding challenges. Its performance and economic justification depend heavily on the specific machining application generating sufficient heat to leverage its cobalt advantage. For general-purpose HSS needs, M2 or M35 are typically more cost-effective. Always consult the material producer's specific heat treatment guidelines and consider application testing.
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AISI Type T4 Tungsten High Speed Tool Steel (UNS T12004) Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6769 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
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AISI Type T4 Tungsten High Speed Tool Steel (UNS T12004) Properties
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Applications of AISI Type T4 Tungsten High Speed Tool Steel Flange (UNS T12004)
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Chemical Identifiers AISI Type T4 Tungsten High Speed Tool Steel Flange (UNS T12004)
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Packing of AISI Type T4 Tungsten High Speed Tool Steel Flange (UNS T12004)
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Standard Packing:
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Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3240 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
