JIS SK4M Water-Hardening Tool Steel Flange

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: JIS SK4M Water-Hardening Tool Steel Flange Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: JIS SK4M Water-Hardening Tool Steel Flange Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

JIS SK4M Water-Hardening Tool Steel Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ### **Product Technical Datasheet: JIS SK4M Water-Hardening Tool Steel** --- #### **1. Product Overview** **JIS SK4M** is a high-carbon **water-hardening tool steel** compliant with the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) G 4404. It is a **molybdenum-modified** variant of the standard SK4 grade, where the addition of molybdenum enhances **hardenability** and slightly improves **toughness** compared to conventional SK4 steel. SK4M maintains the fundamental characteristic of achieving very high surface hardness through water or brine quenching but offers better control over quenching severity and reduced risk of cracking in moderately thicker sections. It remains a cost-effective choice for tools requiring extreme hardness and wear resistance without the need for high-temperature performance. --- #### **2. International Standard Cross-Reference** SK4M is primarily defined under JIS, with functional equivalents in other major standards. | Standard System | Equivalent / Similar Grade | Note | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **JIS G 4404 (Japan)** | **SK4M** | Defining standard (Molybdenum-type) | | **ASTM (USA)** | W2-1.0C (Mo variant) | Similar high-carbon water-hardening grade with Mo | | **DIN (Germany)** | ~1.2002 (Modified) | Not a direct equivalent, but similar purpose | | **BS (UK)** | **BW1B (Mo-modified)** | Water-hardening grade with Mo addition | | **ISO** | ~TC105 (Modified) | Similar in application | | **GB (China)** | **~T10Mo (T10A modified)** | High-carbon tool steel with Mo | --- #### **3. Chemical Composition (Typical, weight % JIS G 4404)** The key difference from SK4 lies in the intentional addition of Molybdenum. | Element | Carbon (C) | Silicon (Si) | Manganese (Mn) | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | Phosphorus (P) | Sulfur (S) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Content (%)** | 0.90 - 1.00 | 0.10 - 0.30 | 0.30 - 0.60 | **0.10 - 0.25** | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 0.030 | **Key Impact of Molybdenum (Mo):** * Increases **hardenability**, allowing slightly deeper hardening than SK4. * Promotes a finer grain structure during heat treatment, improving **toughness**. * Enables the use of slightly less severe quenchants (e.g., warm water or brine) in some cases, reducing **distortion and cracking risk**. --- #### **4. Physical & Mechanical Properties** * **Density:** ~7.85 g/cm³ * **Thermal Conductivity:** Moderate. * **Machinability (Annealed State):** Fair to Good. Similar to SK4; the Mo addition does not significantly affect machinability in the annealed state. * **Hardenability:** **Low to Moderate (Improved over SK4).** The Mo addition allows for a marginally deeper hardened zone and more consistent through-hardening in medium sections. * **Primary Quenching Medium:** **Water or Brine.** The presence of Mo provides a slightly wider safety margin during quenching. * **Typical Achievable Hardness:** * **Annealed State:** ~ 192 HB Max * **Hardened & Tempered State:** **63 - 66 HRC** (Can achieve the same peak surface hardness as SK4). --- #### **5. Heat Treatment Guidelines** * **Forging:** Heat to 1050-850°C. Cool slowly (in ashes or furnace). * **Annealing:** Heat to 750-780°C, slow furnace cool. Produces a spheroidized structure for optimal machinability. * **Hardening:** 1. **Preheat:** 650-700°C (essential). 2. **Austenitizing Temperature:** **790-820°C.** Soak adequately. 3. **Quench:** Vigorous agitation in **water or brine.** The Mo addition may allow for quenching in mildly agitated warm water for certain geometries to minimize stress. * **Tempering:** **Must be performed immediately** after quenching. Typical range: **150-200°C** for 1-2 hours to relieve internal stresses while retaining high hardness. Avoid tempering above 200°C for extended periods to prevent excessive softening. --- #### **6. Product Applications** SK4M is used for applications similar to SK4 but where slightly better control over heat treatment or marginally improved performance in thicker sections is desired. * **Cutting & Shearing Tools:** **Blades for woodworking planes, heavy-duty chisels, shear blades** for metal, paper, and leather. * **Stamping & Forming Tools:** **Punches, dies, and perforators** for mild steel, brass, and aluminum. * **Measuring Tools:** **High-wear gauge parts, scribers, and precision rules.** * **Agricultural & Garden Tools:** **High-wear components of mowers, heavy-duty pruner blades.** * **Miscellaneous Tools:** **Springs, lathe center points, and knurling tools** requiring high surface hardness. --- #### **7. Advantages & Limitations** | Advantages | Limitations | | :--- | :--- | | • **Improved hardenability and toughness** over SK4 due to Mo addition.
• Capable of achieving **very high surface hardness (63-66 HRC).**
• **Cost-effective** compared to alloy tool steels.
• **Finer grain structure** for slightly better wear performance. | • **Still requires severe water quenching** with associated risks.
• **Poor deep-section hardenability** compared to oil-hardening or high-alloy steels.
• **Low red-hardness;** unsuitable for high-speed or hot-work applications.
• **Limited shock resistance** at full hardness. | --- #### **8. Comparison with SK4 and Selection Guide** * **vs. JIS SK4:** SK4M offers **better hardenability control and slightly improved toughness** due to the molybdenum addition. It is a **preferred upgrade** for applications where standard SK4 exhibits excessive brittleness or inconsistent hardening in critical sections. * **Selection Advice:** Choose **SK4M over SK4** when manufacturing tools with moderate cross-sections or complex shapes where the risk of quenching cracks with plain SK4 is a concern. For very simple, thin-section tools, SK4 may be sufficient. For even better hardenability and much lower distortion, consider **oil-hardening steels like SKS93 or SKS31.** **Conclusion:** JIS SK4M represents an optimized version of traditional water-hardening steel, balancing the **ultra-high hardness capability** of plain carbon steel with the **processing benefits of a minor alloy addition.** It is an excellent material choice for toolmakers seeking a performance upgrade from SK4 without moving to significantly more expensive alloy steel grades. Success depends on **precise heat treatment practice** tailored to the specific tool geometry. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: JIS SK4M Water-Hardening Tool Steel Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6791 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: JIS SK4M Water-Hardening Tool Steel Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of JIS SK4M Water-Hardening Tool Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers JIS SK4M Water-Hardening Tool Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of JIS SK4M Water-Hardening Tool Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3262 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition