Assab Steel Flanges, CARMO Cold Work Steel Flange

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Assab Steel Flanges CARMO Cold Work Steel Flange Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Assab Steel Flanges CARMO Cold Work Steel Flange Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Assab Steels CARMO Cold Work Steel Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # Product Datasheet: Assab Steels CARMO Premium Powder Metallurgy Cold Work Tool Steel ## Product Overview **Assab Steels CARMO** is an ultra-premium **powder metallurgy cold work tool steel** specifically developed to deliver **unmatched performance in demanding applications requiring exceptional wear resistance, superior toughness, and excellent dimensional stability**. Representing a significant advancement in tool steel technology, CARMO incorporates a sophisticated alloy design with advanced powder metallurgy manufacturing to achieve properties that surpass conventional PM grades. This material is engineered for the most challenging applications where tool failure is not an option. ## Key Characteristics & Advantages - **Exceptional Toughness-Wear Balance:** Optimized chemistry provides outstanding toughness without compromising wear resistance - **Superior Fatigue Resistance:** Excellent performance in cyclic loading applications - **Exceptional Grindability:** Superior to conventional high-performance tool steels - **Excellent Dimensional Stability:** Minimal and predictable heat treatment distortion - **High Purity Structure:** Advanced PM process ensures extremely low inclusion content - **Superior Polishability:** Capable of achieving mirror-like surface finishes - **Enhanced Coating Adhesion:** Ideal substrate for advanced PVD and CVD coatings - **Consistent Performance:** Unparalleled batch-to-batch consistency ## Standard Specifications & International Designations | **Standard** | **Designation** | |--------------|-----------------| | **Assab/Uddeholm** | CARMO | | **Manufacturing Process** | Advanced Powder Metallurgy | | **Material Classification** | Premium PM Cold Work Tool Steel | | **Quality Standard** | Uddeholm Superior Quality Plus (USQ+) | | **Microcleanliness Class** | Ultra Clean | ## Chemical Composition (Typical, Weight %) | Element | Content (%) | Primary Function | Benefit | |---------|-------------|------------------|---------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.70 | Matrix strengthening & carbide formation | Balanced hardness/toughness | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 4.80 | Corrosion resistance & secondary hardening | Wear resistance & tempering stability | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 2.30 | Secondary hardening & hot strength | High temperature performance | | **Vanadium (V)** | 3.20 | Primary carbide formation | Extreme wear resistance | | **Tungsten (W)** | 6.50 | Solid solution strengthening | Enhanced hot hardness | | **Cobalt (Co)** | 3.50 | Matrix strengthening | Improved toughness & hot hardness | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.30 | Deoxidizer & solid solution strengthener | Cleanliness & strength | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.30 | Hardenability & deoxidizer | Processing stability | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Matrix | Structural integrity | *Special Note: The unique combination of tungsten and cobalt, combined with balanced carbon and vanadium, creates a sophisticated microstructure with exceptional performance characteristics.* ## Microstructural Characteristics - **Carbide Types:** Fine MC (vanadium), M₆C (tungsten/molybdenum), and M₇C₃ (chromium) carbides - **Carbide Size Distribution:** 0.5-2.5 μm (extremely fine and uniform) - **Carbide Volume Fraction:** 12-15% - **Grain Size:** ASTM 11-13 (ultra-fine) - **Inclusion Rating:** ASTM E45 A/B/C/D ≤ 0.2 (ultra clean) - **Microstructural Homogeneity:** Excellent throughout all sections ## Typical Heat Treatment ### Soft Annealing - **Temperature Range:** 880-920°C (1615-1685°F) - **Cooling Cycle:** Slow furnace cool at 15°C/hour to 600°C, then air cool - **Annealed Hardness:** 220-250 HB - **Microstructure:** Fine, uniform spheroidized carbides ### Stress Relieving - **Recommended Temperature:** 600-650°C (1110-1200°F) - **Application Timing:** After rough machining, before hardening - **Duration:** 2 hours per 25 mm thickness minimum ### Hardening 1. **Preheating Sequence:** - First stage: 450-500°C (840-930°F) - Second stage: 750-800°C (1380-1470°F) - Third stage (optional): 900-950°C (1650-1740°F) for complex parts 2. **Austenitizing:** **1080-1120°C (1975-2050°F)** - Standard optimization: 1090-1105°C (1995-2020°F) - Maximum wear resistance: 1110-1120°C (2030-2050°F) - Enhanced toughness: 1080-1095°C (1975-2005°F) 3. **Soaking Time:** 20-40 minutes (depending on section size) 4. **Quenching Methods:** - High-pressure gas quenching (6-12 bar recommended) - Vacuum oil quenching for ultra-complex geometries - Forced air (4-8 bar) for standard applications ### Tempering - **Critical Requirement:** Immediate tempering upon reaching 40-60°C (105-140°F) - **Recommended Cycle:** **Triple tempering** with complete cooling between cycles - **Optimal Range:** 500-550°C (930-1020°F) - **Hardness Profile:** - 500°C (930°F): 62-64 HRC - 525°C (975°F): 61-63 HRC - 550°C (1020°F): 60-62 HRC - 575°C (1065°F): 58-60 HRC - 600°C (1110°F): 56-58 HRC ### Optional Cryogenic Treatment - **Recommended Temperature:** -120°C to -150°C (-185°F to -240°F) - **Duration:** 2-3 hours - **Benefits:** Maximizes dimensional stability and transforms retained austenite - **Application:** Recommended for highest precision tools ## Physical Properties | Property | Value | Unit | Conditions | |----------|-------|------|------------| | **Density** | 8.05 | g/cm³ | At 20°C | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 215 | GPa | At 20°C | | **Thermal Expansion Coefficient** | 10.5 | ×10⁻⁶/K | 20-100°C | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 24.0 | W/(m·K) | At 20°C | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 440 | J/(kg·K) | At 20°C | | **Magnetic Properties** | Ferromagnetic | - | Up to Curie temperature | ## Mechanical Properties ### Standard Condition (1100°C/525°C×3) | Property | Value Range | Unit | Test Method | |----------|-------------|------|-------------| | **Hardness** | 62-64 | HRC | ISO 6508 | | **Compressive Strength** | 3,400-3,600 | MPa | ISO 3785 | | **Transverse Rupture Strength** | 4,800-5,200 | MPa | ISO 3325 | | **Yield Strength (0.2%)** | 3,000-3,300 | MPa | ISO 6892 | | **Impact Toughness (Charpy V)** | 80-100 | J | ISO 148 | | **Fracture Toughness (K_IC)** | 28-35 | MPa√m | ASTM E399 | | **Fatigue Limit (10⁷ cycles)** | 1,400-1,600 | MPa | ISO 1099 | | **Wear Coefficient** | 1.5-2.5×10⁻⁶ | mm³/Nm | Pin-on-disk | ### Wear Resistance Performance | Test Method | Relative Performance (VANADIS 4 EXTRA = 100%) | Notes | |-------------|----------------------------------------------|-------| | **Abrasive Wear (SiC)** | 110-120% | Superior to most PM grades | | **Adhesive Wear** | 105-115% | Excellent galling resistance | | **Erosive Wear** | 110-125% | Superior particle impact resistance | | **Fatigue Wear** | 115-130% | Exceptional in cyclic contact | ## Primary Applications ### Ultra-High Performance Stamping & Forming - **Progressive Dies** for advanced high-strength steels (AHSS, UHSS) - **Fineblanking Tools** for automotive safety components - **High-Speed Stamping** for electronics and connectors - **Precision Piercing** for hardened materials (>55 HRC) - **Cold Forming Dies** for aerospace and automotive fasteners ### Advanced Plastic & Composite Processing - **Injection Molds** for extreme applications: - Long glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics (>50% fiber) - Carbon fiber composites - Metal-filled polymers - Highly abrasive engineering plastics - **Compression Molds** for advanced composites - **Extrusion Dies** for filled engineering polymers - **Thermoforming Tools** for advanced materials ### Cutting & Shearing Operations - **Shear Blades** for ultra-high-strength alloys - **Slitter Knives** for advanced composites - **Cutting Tools** for reinforced materials - **Industrial Knives** for specialty applications - **Punching Tools** for multi-material stacks ### Specialized Industrial Applications - **Tooling for Powder Metallurgy** component production - **Wear Parts** in extreme service conditions - **Precision Guides & Bushings** in high-performance machinery - **Medical Device Manufacturing Tools** - **Semiconductor Production Tooling** - **Aerospace Component Fabrication Tools** ## Processing Guidelines ### Machining Operations - **Optimal Condition:** Annealed state (~235 HB) - **Machinability Index:** 50-60% (relative to 1% C-steel) - **Tooling Requirements:** - Premium carbide grades (P20-P30 range) - CBN tools for finishing operations - Positive geometry with sharp cutting edges - **Optimal Cutting Parameters:** - Turning: 40-60 m/min, feed 0.15-0.30 mm/rev - Milling: 100-140 m/min, feed per tooth 0.08-0.20 mm - Drilling: 20-30 m/min, feed 0.08-0.18 mm/rev - **Coolant Strategy:** High-pressure coolant (minimum 80 bar) recommended ### Grinding Operations - **Exceptional Grindability:** Best-in-class for premium tool steels - **Wheel Selection:** - Aluminum oxide (60-100 grit) for rough grinding - CBN wheels (100-200 grit) for precision grinding - Diamond wheels for ultra-fine finishing - **Optimal Parameters:** - Surface grinding: 28-35 m/s wheel speed - Cylindrical grinding: 25-30 m/s wheel speed - Downfeed: 0.003-0.012 mm/pass for finishing - **Surface Finish Capability:** Ra < 0.03 μm achievable ### Electrical Discharge Machining - **Excellent EDM Characteristics:** Very stable material removal - **Recommended Settings:** - Fine finish settings yield excellent results - Optimized flushing critical - Multiple skim cuts for best finish - **Post-EDM Treatment:** - Stress relieve at 180-200°C - Remove recast layer completely - Light polish to restore surface integrity ### Surface Engineering & Treatments #### PVD Coatings - **Ideal Substrate:** Superior coating adhesion - **Recommended Coatings:** - AlCrN (for high-temperature applications) - TiSiN (for extreme wear resistance) - AlTiN (for general purpose) - DLC (for reduced friction) - **Coating Thickness:** 2-4 μm optimal - **Pre-treatment:** Plasma cleaning essential #### CVD Coatings - **Suitable for:** Extreme wear applications - **Recommended:** TiCN, TiN - **Application Temperature:** ~1000°C (requires special consideration) #### Polishing & Texturing - **Polishability:** Excellent - optical finishes achievable - **Texturing Methods:** - Laser texturing - Photochemical etching - EDM texturing - **Surface Preparation:** Critical for optimal results ## Quality Assurance & Standards ### Material Certification - **Full Chemical Analysis:** ICP-MS with trace element reporting - **Hardness Verification:** Statistical process control reporting - **Microcleanliness:** Digital image analysis with inclusion mapping - **Ultrasonic Testing:** 100% inspection standard - **Microstructural Analysis:** SEM/EDS/TEM analysis available - **Traceability:** Complete digital batch tracking ### Available Forms & Dimensions | Product Form | Standard Sizes | Tolerance Class | Surface Quality | |-------------|---------------|-----------------|-----------------| | **Precision Ground Stock** | 10-400×100-1000×500-3000 mm | ±0.03 mm thickness
±0.05 mm width | Ra < 0.4 μm | | **Round Bars** | Ø25-350×1000-6000 mm | h9 diameter tolerance | Ra < 0.8 μm | | **Forged Blocks** | Up to 600×600×400 mm | ±0.2 mm | As-forged | | **Pre-machined Blanks** | Custom dimensions | ±0.1 mm | Semi-finished | | **Finished Components** | Application-specific | As per drawing | Final machined | ## Comparative Performance Analysis ### Benchmark Comparison (Relative Performance Index) | Property | CARMO | VANADIS 4 EXTRA | Conventional PM Grade | Conventional D2 | |----------|-------|-----------------|----------------------|-----------------| | **Toughness at 62 HRC** | 100% | 85-90% | 70-80% | 30-40% | | **Wear Resistance** | 100% | 90-95% | 80-85% | 20-25% | | **Fatigue Resistance** | 100% | 85-90% | 75-80% | 30-40% | | **Grindability** | 100% | 90-95% | 80-85% | 40-50% | | **Polishability** | 100% | 95-98% | 85-90% | 50-60% | | **Dimensional Stability** | 100% | 95-98% | 85-90% | 60-70% | ### Economic Analysis - **Initial Material Cost:** Premium (highest in performance category) - **Tool Life Expectation:** 4-10× conventional tool steels - **Productivity Gains:** Significant through extended service intervals - **Quality Consistency:** Superior part quality with reduced scrap - **Total Cost of Ownership:** Highly favorable in demanding applications - **ROI Period:** Typically 6-18 months in high-volume production ## Application Engineering Guidelines ### Design Optimization 1. **Stress Analysis:** Finite element analysis recommended for critical tools 2. **Geometry Optimization:** Gradual transitions, generous radii (minimum R3) 3. **Surface Requirements:** Specify based on application needs 4. **Coating Considerations:** Design for optimal coating application ### Heat Treatment Protocols 1. **Customized Cycles:** Application-specific optimization recommended 2. **Atmosphere Control:** High-vacuum or protective atmosphere essential 3. **Quenching Optimization:** Match method to component geometry 4. **Tempering Strategy:** Triple tempering standard, quadruple for highest demands ### Maintenance & Regrinding Protocol 1. **Preventive Maintenance:** Regular inspection schedule 2. **Regrinding Strategy:** Minimum material removal principle 3. **Recoating Evaluation:** Decision matrix for recoating timing 4. **Performance Tracking:** Digital tool life monitoring ## Technical Support Services ### Comprehensive Support Package - **Application Engineering:** Full-service tool design optimization - **Material Selection Analysis:** Comparative performance modeling - **Heat Treatment Development:** Customized cycle development - **Failure Analysis Laboratory:** Advanced diagnostic capabilities - **Performance Testing:** Application-specific validation testing ### Training & Knowledge Transfer - **Technical Workshops:** Hands-on processing training - **Application Seminars:** Industry-specific best practices - **Digital Resources:** Online technical portal access - **Expert Consultation:** Direct engineering support ### Quality Documentation - **Material Certificates:** 3.1/3.2 according to EN 10204 - **Process Documentation:** Detailed processing guidelines - **Application Reports:** Performance validation documents - **Safety Documentation:** Complete MSDS and handling guides --- **Critical Technical Advisory:** CARMO represents the pinnacle of cold work tool steel technology and requires specialized processing expertise. Consult with Assab technical specialists before specification. Application testing is strongly recommended to validate performance. All processing must be performed by qualified personnel using calibrated equipment. Material properties are dependent on precise processing parameters. Always adhere to strict safety protocols. This information represents current technical knowledge and is subject to verification against latest technical documentation. Performance claims are based on laboratory testing and field validation under controlled conditions. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Assab Steels CARMO Cold Work Steel Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6850 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Assab Steels CARMO Cold Work Steel Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of Assab Steel Flanges CARMO Cold Work Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers Assab Steel Flanges CARMO Cold Work Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of Assab Steel Flanges CARMO Cold Work Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3321 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition