1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
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Bohler-Uddeholm UDDEHOLM CORRAX® Precipitation Hardening Stainless Mold Steel Flange Product Information
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Bohler-Uddeholm UDDEHOLM CORRAX® Precipitation Hardening Stainless Mold Steel Flange Synonyms
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Bohler-Uddeholm UDDEHOLM CORRAX® Precipitation Hardening Stainless Mold Steel Product Information
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# **Böhler-Uddeholm UDDEHOLM CORRAX® Precipitation Hardening Stainless Mold Steel**
## **Product Overview**
**UDDEHOLM CORRAX®** is a revolutionary **precipitation hardening (PH) stainless mold steel** that uniquely combines **exceptional corrosion resistance with high strength and excellent dimensional stability**. Unlike conventional tool steels that require high-temperature quenching, CORRAX® achieves its final properties through a low-temperature aging treatment (approximately 500°C/930°F) after solution annealing. This process results in minimal distortion, making it ideally suited for manufacturing highly complex, close-tolerance molds and components, particularly in corrosive environments or for plastics that release aggressive decomposition products.
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## **1. Key Characteristics & Advantages**
* **Superior Corrosion Resistance:** Excellent resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking, comparable to many stainless steels (e.g., 17-4 PH).
* **Minimal Distortion:** Low-temperature aging treatment (<550°C) after machining causes negligible size change (typically <0.05%), allowing for "machine-then-harden" production of intricate parts.
* **High Strength and Hardness:** Achieves a typical hardness of **42-48 HRC** after aging, providing excellent wear resistance and polishability.
* **Excellent Polishability and Texturing:** Can be polished to a superb mirror finish (A1/A2) and is highly suitable for various texturing processes (EDM, laser, chemical).
* **Good Machinability:** Offers very good machinability in the soft, solution-annealed condition (~30 HRC), significantly easier than pre-hardened tool steels of similar hardness.
* **Good Weldability:** Can be repaired or modified using standard welding techniques for mold steels.
* **Thermal Conductivity:** Higher than many conventional tool steels, improving cycle times in molding applications.
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## **2. Typical Chemical Composition (Weight %)**
| Element | Carbon (C) | Chromium (Cr) | Nickel (Ni) | Molybdenum (Mo) | Aluminum (Al) | Copper (Cu) |
| :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| **Content** | ≤ 0.03 | 11.5 - 13.5 | 8.5 - 10.5 | 1.30 - 1.70 | 0.80 - 1.30 | 1.30 - 1.70 |
**Alloying Rationale:**
* **Low Carbon (<0.03%):** Minimizes carbide formation, maximizing corrosion resistance and improving machinability and weldability.
* **Chromium (12.5%):** Provides the primary corrosion resistance by forming a passive oxide layer.
* **Nickel (9.5%) & Aluminum (1.0%):** The primary precipitation hardening system. During aging, the formation of NiAl intermetallic particles (Ni₃Al) strengthens the matrix.
* **Molybdenum (1.5%):** Enhances corrosion resistance, particularly against chlorides, and contributes to strength.
* **Copper (1.5%):** Provides additional precipitation hardening and improves corrosion resistance in certain media.
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## **3. Physical & Mechanical Properties**
### **Physical Properties:**
* **Density:** ~7.8 g/cm³
* **Thermal Conductivity:** ~25 W/(m·K) at 20°C
* **Modulus of Elasticity:** ~190 GPa
* **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** ~10.5 x 10⁻⁶/K (20-100°C)
* **Magnetic Properties:** Slightly magnetic in aged condition.
### **Heat Treatment & Mechanical Data:**
* **Solution Annealed Condition (Delivery):** Hardness ~30 HRC. **All machining and EDM should be completed in this state.**
* **Aging Treatment:** Heat to **500 - 520°C (930 - 970°F)** for 2-4 hours per inch of thickness, then air cool.
* **Final Hardness (Aged):** **42 - 48 HRC** (Typically 44-46 HRC is specified for mold applications).
* **0.2% Yield Strength:** ~1250 MPa (at 44 HRC)
* **Tensile Strength:** ~1400 MPa (at 44 HRC)
* **Impact Toughness (Charpy V):** ~35 J (at 44 HRC)
* **Dimensional Change:** Typically +0.03% to +0.05% after aging.
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## **4. Primary Applications**
CORRAX® is the material of choice for complex, high-precision molds and components operating in corrosive environments.
* **Plastic Injection Molds:**
* For PVC, flame-retardant plastics, polyacetals, and other plastics releasing corrosive acids (HCl, HF, acetic acid).
* Molds for polyurethane (PU) processing.
* Optical lens molds requiring supreme polishability and no risk of rust.
* **Aerospace & Chemical Components:** Valves, fittings, and pump parts exposed to corrosive media.
* **Medical Device Molds:** For implants and devices requiring biocompatible, corrosion-resistant tooling.
* **Food & Packaging Industry Molds:** Where corrosion resistance and easy cleaning are critical.
* **Die Casting:** Ejector pins and cores for aluminum and magnesium, where soldering and corrosion can be issues.
* **General Precision Engineering:** Components requiring high strength, stability, and corrosion resistance after complex machining.
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## **5. Relevant International Standards & Comparable Grades**
CORRAX® is a proprietary alloy. The closest generic equivalents are other precipitation hardening stainless steels, though none offer the identical combination of properties tailored for mold making.
| Standard | Grade / Designation | Similarity / Key Difference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Proprietary (Uddeholm)** | **CORRAX®** | The reference material with optimized mold-making properties. |
| **UNS / AISI** | **S17400 (17-4 PH)** | Similar corrosion class and PH mechanism. CORRAX has lower C, different hardening system (Ni-Al vs. Cu), better polishability, and is specifically engineered for mold performance. |
| **DIN / Werkstoff** | **1.4542 (X5CrNiCuNb16-4)** | The European 17-4 PH variant. Same key differences as above apply. |
| **Other PH Stainless** | **Custom 450, 455** | Similar alloy family, but CORRAX composition is unique. |
| **Stainless Tool Steel** | **M300 / M310 Series** | Other stainless mold steels (e.g., Stavax). These are typically martensitic stainless steels hardened by quenching, not precipitation hardening, leading to greater distortion. |
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## **6. Processing & Fabrication Guidelines**
* **Machining:** Perform **all heavy machining, drilling, and EDM in the soft, solution-annealed condition (~30 HRC)**. It machines similarly to a pre-hardened 300-series stainless steel. Use sharp carbide tools with positive rake angles and good coolant.
* **Aging (Hardening):** Conduct aging **only after all machining and EDM are complete**. The process is simple: heat uniformly to 500-520°C, hold, and air cool. No rapid quenching or special atmospheres are typically required. Stress relieving is not needed afterward.
* **Finishing:** After aging, only light finishing (polishing, texturing) should be done. It offers **excellent polishability** directly to a mirror finish.
* **Welding:** Use matching or similar PH stainless filler wire (e.g., 17-4 PH). Pre-heat is generally not required. The welded area will be softened and must be re-aged to restore full hardness and corrosion resistance.
* **Corrosion Performance:** For maximum corrosion resistance, a **passivation treatment** (e.g., nitric acid) is recommended after the final polishing and cleaning.
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## **7. Conclusion**
**UDDEHOLM CORRAX®** is a groundbreaking material that fundamentally simplifies the manufacturing of high-performance, corrosion-resistant molds. Its unique precipitation hardening mechanism allows for complete machining of intricate geometries in a soft state, followed by a simple, low-distortion aging process to achieve final properties. This eliminates the risks and costs associated with heat treatment distortion, secondary machining of hardened steel, and potential scrapping of complex parts.
For mold makers facing challenges from corrosive plastics, demanding optical surface finishes, or the need for extreme dimensional accuracy in stainless tooling, CORRAX® provides a reliable, efficient, and high-performance solution unmatched by conventional quench-hardened stainless or tool steels. It represents a superior choice where corrosion resistance, dimensional stability, and manufacturability are paramount.
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Bohler-Uddeholm UDDEHOLM CORRAX® Precipitation Hardening Stainless Mold Steel Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6882 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
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Bohler-Uddeholm UDDEHOLM CORRAX® Precipitation Hardening Stainless Mold Steel Properties
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Applications of Bohler-Uddeholm UDDEHOLM CORRAX® Precipitation Hardening Stainless Mold Steel Flange
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Chemical Identifiers Bohler-Uddeholm UDDEHOLM CORRAX® Precipitation Hardening Stainless Mold Steel Flange
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Packing of Bohler-Uddeholm UDDEHOLM CORRAX® Precipitation Hardening Stainless Mold Steel Flange
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Standard Packing:
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Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3353 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
