1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
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Crucible Steel Flange REX® TMO High Speed Steel Flange, AISI M1 Product Information
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Crucible Steel Flange REX® TMO High Speed Steel Flange, AISI M1 Synonyms
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Crucible Steel REX® TMO High Speed Steel, AISI M1 Product Information
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# **Product Introduction: Crucible Steel REX® TMO (AISI M1) High Speed Steel**
Crucible Steel REX® TMO is a high-performance, molybdenum-tungsten high-speed steel (HSS) that conforms to the classic AISI M1 specification. As a foundational member of the M-series, M1 is renowned for providing **an excellent balance of hot hardness (red hardness), wear resistance, and toughness at a lower cost than more highly alloyed grades like M2 or M7**. The "TMO" designation underscores its primary alloying focus on **Tungsten (T) and Molybdenum (Mo)**, which work synergistically to deliver robust cutting performance for a wide range of general-purpose machining applications.
REX® TMO represents Crucible's high-quality production of this standard alloy, ensuring consistent chemistry and a refined microstructure through controlled melting and rolling practices. It is engineered to maintain a sharp cutting edge at the elevated temperatures generated during high-speed machining of steels, cast irons, and non-ferrous alloys. M1 serves as a cost-effective and reliable entry point into the world of high-speed steels, offering a significant performance upgrade over carbon and intermediate alloy tool steels for demanding production environments.
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## **1. Chemical Composition (Weight %)**
M1's chemistry is characterized by a moderate tungsten content and a significant molybdenum content, making it a more economical alternative to tungsten-rich grades.
| **Element** | **Carbon (C)** | **Tungsten (W)** | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | **Chromium (Cr)** | **Vanadium (V)** |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Content** | 0.78 - 0.88 | 1.40 - 2.10 | 8.00 - 9.50 | 3.50 - 4.50 | 1.00 - 1.50 |
| **Role** | Provides base hardness and participates in carbide formation for wear resistance. | Contributes to hot hardness and secondary hardening. Forms stable carbides. | **Primary alloying element.** A potent hardenability agent that provides the majority of the hot hardness and wear resistance. More cost-effective per unit of hardenability than tungsten. | Imparts deep hardenability, improves oxidation resistance, and contributes to wear resistance. | Forms hard vanadium carbides (VC) that enhance abrasion resistance at the cutting edge and refine grain size. |
*Note: Iron (Fe) constitutes the remainder. Cobalt is not a standard component of M1. The high molybdenum content is the defining feature.*
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## **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties**
*Typical properties after proper heat treatment to a working hardness of 63-65 HRC.*
* **Density:** ~8.00 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³) – Slightly lower than tungsten-heavy grades like M2.
* **Modulus of Elasticity:** ~215 GPa (31.2 x 10⁶ psi)
* **Thermal Conductivity:** Moderate.
* **Hot Hardness (Red Hardness):** **Good.** Capable of maintaining a hardness above 58 HRC at temperatures around 500-550°C (930-1020°F), enabling efficient high-speed machining.
* **Hardness (Typical Working Range):** **62 - 66 HRC.** Most commonly used at **63-65 HRC**, balancing edge retention and resistance to chipping.
* **Abrasion Resistance:** **Good.** Adequate for a wide range of machining operations. Superior to carbon tool steels but generally lower than higher-vanadium grades like M2 or M7.
* **Toughness:** **Very Good for a HSS.** M1 is known for offering better toughness than M2, making it more resistant to chipping in interrupted cuts or less rigid setups.
* **Grindability:** **Fair to Good.** Generally easier to grind than M2 due to its lower vanadium and tungsten carbide content.
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## **3. Heat Treatment**
Heat treatment follows standard HSS protocols, requiring precise temperature control.
* **Annealing:** Heat to 850-870°C (1560-1600°F), slow cool in furnace. Annealed hardness: 215-255 HB.
* **Stress Relieving:** 600-650°C (1110-1200°F), hold, then slow cool.
* **Preheating:** **Critical.** Employ a double preheat: First at 540-650°C (1000-1200°F), then at 815-870°C (1500-1600°F).
* **Austenitizing:** **1190-1220°C (2175-2230°F).** A common temperature is **1205°C (2200°F)**. The high molybdenum content allows for effective hardening at these temperatures.
* **Quenching:** Air quench (for most tools), salt bath quench, or controlled gas quench.
* **Tempering:** **Mandatory Multiple Tempers.** Temper immediately after quenching. **Two to three tempers**, each for 2 hours, are standard. **Typical tempering range: 540-570°C (1000-1060°F).** Exhibits a secondary hardening response.
* **Sub-Zero Treatment:** Often applied between quenching and tempering to transform retained austenite and maximize hardness/stability.
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## **4. Key Applications**
REX® TMO (M1) is a versatile, general-purpose high-speed steel for a broad spectrum of machining tasks.
* **General-Purpose Cutting Tools:** Drills, taps, reamers, end mills, and milling cutters for machining carbon steels, alloy steels, and cast irons.
* **Saw Blades:** Teeth for high-speed metal cutting band saws and circular cold saws.
* **Woodworking Tools:** Router bits and shaper cutters where heat build-up is a concern.
* **Punches and Forming Tools:** For cold work applications requiring better wear resistance than carbon steels.
* **Machine Components:** Wear parts such as guides and bearings that benefit from its hardness and toughness.
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## **5. International Standards & Cross-References**
Crucible REX® TMO conforms to the AISI M1 specification.
* **AISI/SAE:** **M1**
* **UNS:** T11301
* **European (EN):** HS 1-8-1 / **1.3345**
* **Japanese (JIS):** **SKH 2** (Note: SKH2 is typically lower in Mo; a closer equivalent might be SKH 3, but M1 is its own standard).
* **ISO:** HS1-8-1
* **Common Trade Names:** M1 HSS, Molybdenum High Speed Steel.
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## **6. Advantages & Limitations**
**Advantages:**
* **Excellent Cost-to-Performance Ratio:** Provides genuine high-speed steel capabilities (hot hardness) at a lower cost than M2 or cobalt grades.
* **Good Toughness:** More resistant to chipping and shock than many other HSS grades, beneficial for interrupted cuts.
* **Good Grindability:** Relatively easier to sharpen and fabricate.
* **Proven Reliability:** A time-tested grade with well-understood properties and processing.
**Limitations:**
* **Lower Wear Resistance than M2/M7:** The lower vanadium content means it may wear faster in highly abrasive machining conditions.
* **Lower Hot Hardness than Cobalt Grades:** Not suitable for the most severe high-temperature machining (e.g., superalloys).
* **Anisotropic Properties:** As a conventionally wrought steel, transverse toughness is lower than longitudinal toughness.
* **Not the Highest Performance:** Serves as a base-level HSS; for extreme demands, higher alloys like M4, M7, or cobalt grades are preferred.
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## **7. Summary**
**Crucible Steel REX® TMO (AISI M1) is the quintessential, economical high-speed steel that brought the benefits of molybdenum-based alloys to mainstream metalworking.** It delivers a solid, reliable performance upgrade over non-HSS tools, enabling higher machining speeds and longer tool life in a wide array of general machining applications. Its balanced properties—particularly its good toughness—make it a forgiving and practical choice for job shops and production environments. While not designed for the most extreme cutting challenges, REX® TMO remains a fundamental and highly cost-effective workhorse in the world of high-speed steel, providing exceptional value for a vast range of cutting and wear applications.
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Crucible Steel REX® TMO High Speed Steel, AISI M1 Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6983 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
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Crucible Steel REX® TMO High Speed Steel, AISI M1 Properties
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Applications of Crucible Steel Flange REX® TMO High Speed Steel Flange, AISI M1
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Chemical Identifiers Crucible Steel Flange REX® TMO High Speed Steel Flange, AISI M1
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Packing of Crucible Steel Flange REX® TMO High Speed Steel Flange, AISI M1
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Standard Packing:
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Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3454 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
