1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
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Crucible Steel Flange REX® M2 S 1.0C High Speed Steel Flange, AISI M2 Product Information
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Crucible Steel Flange REX® M2 S 1.0C High Speed Steel Flange, AISI M2 Synonyms
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Crucible Steel REX® M2 S 1.0C High Speed Steel, AISI M2 Product Information
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# **Product Introduction: Crucible Steel REX® M2 S 1.0C High Speed Steel (AISI M2)**
Crucible Steel REX® M2 S 1.0C is a specialized, high-sulfur, free-machining variant of the industry-standard AISI M2 high-speed steel (HSS), distinguished by a carbon content controlled to the lower end of the M2 specification. This material is engineered to optimize the **manufacturability of complex M2 tooling** while maintaining the essential performance characteristics of the M2 grade. The "S" denotes a controlled sulfur addition for superior machinability, and the "1.0C" specifies a carbon content targeting approximately 1.0%, which favors a balance of toughness and wear resistance.
This grade addresses a specific production challenge: the fabrication of intricate tool geometries from M2 HSS, which is notoriously difficult to machine in its annealed state. By incorporating sulfur (forming manganese sulfide inclusions that act as chip breakers) and fine-tuning the carbon content, REX M2 S 1.0C allows for **dramatically improved machining speeds, better surface finishes, and extended tool life during the manufacturing process** of the cutting tool itself. It is a solution for high-volume production of complex drills, taps, and formed tools where machining cost and efficiency are paramount.
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## **1. Chemical Composition (Weight %)**
The composition adheres to the AISI M2 framework with specific modifications for machinability and controlled carbon.
| **Element** | **Carbon (C)** | **Tungsten (W)** | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | **Chromium (Cr)** | **Vanadium (V)** | **Sulfur (S)** |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Content** | **~1.00** (Target) | 5.90 - 6.40 | 4.70 - 5.20 | 3.80 - 4.40 | 1.75 - 2.05 | **0.10 - 0.20** |
| **Role** | Controlled at the lower end of the M2 range (~1.0% vs. typical 0.85-0.95%). This slightly prioritizes toughness over extreme wear resistance/hardness, creating a more balanced and forgiving base for free-machining modification. | Primary contributor to hot hardness (red hardness) and abrasion resistance. | Major agent for hardenability and hot hardness; improves toughness. | Ensures deep hardenability and provides moderate oxidation resistance. | Forms hard vanadium carbides (VC) for wear resistance. The level remains standard for M2 performance. | **Primary Modifier.** Forms soft manganese sulfide (MnS) inclusions that act as internal lubricants and chip breakers during machining, drastically improving machinability in the annealed state. |
*Note: Iron (Fe) constitutes the remainder. Manganese (Mn) content is typically adjusted to balance the sulfur. This is a conventional ingot-cast/wrought steel, not a PM grade.*
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## **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties**
*After heat treatment, properties are very similar to standard M2 HSS, with the key difference being its behavior in the annealed, pre-hardened state.*
* **Density:** ~8.16 g/cm³ (0.295 lb/in³)
* **Hot Hardness (Red Hardness):** **Good.** Comparable to standard M2, maintaining hardness at temperatures exceeding 500°C (930°F).
* **Hardness (Typical Working Range):** **61 - 65 HRC.** Due to the slightly lower carbon target, the maximum achievable hardness may be at the lower end of the standard M2 range. Commonly heat treated to **63-64 HRC**.
* **Abrasion Resistance:** **Good to Very Good.** Slightly lower than a higher-carbon M2 variant but still provides excellent wear resistance for high-speed steel applications.
* **Toughness:** **Good to Very Good.** The controlled lower carbon content inherently provides better toughness compared to higher-carbon M2, which is beneficial for tools subject to intermittent cutting or mild shock. The sulfur inclusions have a minimal impact on the **hardened** mechanical properties.
* **Machinability (Annealed State):** **Excellent (for a HSS).** This is the defining characteristic. REX M2 S 1.0C can be machined significantly faster than standard M2 with superior chip control, lower cutting forces, and better surface finish, enabling economical production of complex tool shapes via automatic screw machines or CNC.
* **Grindability (Hardened State):** **Fair.** Comparable to standard M2.
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## **3. Heat Treatment**
Heat treatment follows standard AISI M2 protocols closely.
* **Annealing:** Heat to 850-870°C (1560-1600°F), slow cool. Annealed hardness: 215-240 HB.
* **Preheating:** **Critical.** Double preheat: First at 540-650°C (1000-1200°F), then at 815-870°C (1500-1600°F).
* **Austenitizing:** **1190-1220°C (2175-2230°F).** A typical temperature is **1205°C (2200°F)**.
* **Quenching:** Air quench, salt bath, or controlled gas quench.
* **Tempering:** **Mandatory Multiple Tempers.** Temper immediately. **Two to three tempers** at **540-570°C (1000-1060°F)**, each for 2 hours.
* **Sub-Zero Treatment:** Commonly applied between quenching and tempering to maximize hardness and dimensional stability.
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## **4. Key Applications**
This grade is specifically designed for **high-volume, precision manufacturing of complex M2 cutting tools**.
* **Automatically Machined Cutting Tools:** Complex drills (e.g., step drills, deep hole drills), taps, reamers, end mills, and form tools produced on multi-spindle automatics or CNC lathes.
* **Intricate Form Tools and Cutters:** Tools with profiles that are expensive to grind from solid bar but can be economically machined from this free-machining stock.
* **High-Volume Production of Standard M2 Tools:** Any application requiring large quantities of identical M2 tools where reducing unit machining cost is critical.
* **General-Purpose M2 HSS Tools:** All applications where standard M2 performance is adequate, but the tool geometry benefits from being machined rather than ground to shape.
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## **5. International Standards & Cross-References**
REX M2 S 1.0C is a free-machining, controlled-carbon variant of AISI M2.
* **AISI/SAE:** **M2 (Free-Machining, Lower Carbon Variant)**
* **UNS:** T11302 (same base UNS as M2)
* **European (EN):** A free-machining variant of **HS 6-5-2 / 1.3343**.
* **Japanese (JIS):** **SKH51 (with S additive, controlled C)**.
* **Common Trade Names:** M2 Free-Machining, M2 Screw Stock, M2 High-Sulfur.
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## **6. Advantages & Limitations**
**Advantages:**
* **Superior Machinability:** Enables fast, cost-effective production of complex M2 tool blanks, reducing manufacturing time and expense.
* **Balanced M2 Performance:** After heat treatment, delivers the reliable hot hardness and wear resistance expected from M2, with a slight toughness benefit from controlled carbon.
* **Excellent for Automated Production:** Ideal for high-volume screw machine and CNC turning operations.
* **Improved Chip Control & Surface Finish:** During the machining of the tool blank itself.
**Limitations:**
* **Directional Properties:** Exhibits anisotropy typical of wrought steels; machining should align with grain flow where possible.
* **Slightly Lower Wear Resistance/Hardness:** The ~1.0% carbon target may result in slightly lower maximum hardness and wear resistance compared to higher-carbon M2 variants.
* **Not a Powder Metallurgy Grade:** Does not offer the isotropic toughness, supreme grindability, or ultra-clean microstructure of CPM M2.
* **Specific Use Case:** Its advantages are purely realized in the **manufacturing phase** of the tool, not in its end-use cutting performance.
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## **7. Summary**
**Crucible Steel REX® M2 S 1.0C is a production-optimized material designed to solve the economic challenge of manufacturing complex M2 high-speed steel tools.** By combining free-machining characteristics with a carefully controlled carbon content, it allows tool manufacturers to leverage the performance of M2 while drastically reducing the cost and difficulty of fabricating intricate tool geometries. It is the strategic choice for companies engaged in high-volume production of drills, taps, and formed tools, where the savings in machining time and improved yields directly translate to a stronger competitive advantage. This grade embodies the principle that the right material for the job must consider not only the end-use performance but also the efficiency and cost of its own manufacture.
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Crucible Steel REX® M2 S 1.0C High Speed Steel, AISI M2 Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6984 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
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Crucible Steel REX® M2 S 1.0C High Speed Steel, AISI M2 Properties
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Applications of Crucible Steel Flange REX® M2 S 1.0C High Speed Steel Flange, AISI M2
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Chemical Identifiers Crucible Steel Flange REX® M2 S 1.0C High Speed Steel Flange, AISI M2
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Packing of Crucible Steel Flange REX® M2 S 1.0C High Speed Steel Flange, AISI M2
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Standard Packing:
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Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3455 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
