1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
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ASTM A356/A356M-9 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V Steel Flange CASTINGS FOR STEAM TURBINE CASINGS (ASTM A356/A356M-9) Product Information
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ASTM A356/A356M-9 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V Steel Flange CASTINGS FOR STEAM TURBINE CASINGS (ASTM A356/A356M-9) Synonyms
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ASTM A356/A356M-9 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V STEEL CASTINGS FOR STEAM TURBINE CASINGS (ASTM A356/A356M-9) Product Information
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## **Product Datasheet: ASTM A356 / A356M Grade 9 (1Cr-1Mo-0.25V) Steel Castings for Steam Turbine Casings**
**Product Overview**
ASTM A356 Grade 9 is a premium, high-strength **1% Chromium - 1% Molybdenum - 0.25% Vanadium (1Cr-1Mo-0.25V) low-alloy steel** specification for **heavy-section steel castings** used in critical high-temperature components of steam turbines. Specifically designed to match the performance of forged rotor steels (like ASTM A470 Class 8), this grade is engineered to provide exceptional **creep strength, fracture toughness, and thermal fatigue resistance** in complex geometries that cannot be forged, such as turbine casings, valve bodies, and steam chests. Its chemistry and heat treatment are optimized to ensure reliable, long-term performance under high pressure and temperature gradients, making it a cornerstone material for advanced fossil-fuel and nuclear power generation systems.
**Key International Standards**
* **Primary Standard:** **ASTM A356 / A356M** - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines.
* **Governing Specification:** This product conforms to the requirements for **Grade 9** within ASTM A356/A356M.
* **ASME Designation:** **SA-356 Grade 9** - The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code designation for code-stamped components.
* **Mandatory Heat Treatment:** Castings are supplied in the **normalized, tempered, and stress-relieved** condition. For Grade 9, a **double normalizing and tempering** or **quenching and tempering** process is typically required to refine the coarse as-cast microstructure and achieve uniform properties throughout thick sections.
* **Key Application:** Primarily for **stationary components** operating under high pressure/temperature, complementing the rotating A470-8 material.
**Chemical Composition (Weight % - ASTM A356 Grade 9 Requirements)**
The chemistry is tightly controlled to balance hardenability, creep strength, and weldability, with very low residuals to prevent embrittlement.
| Element | ASTM A356 Grade 9 Requirement | Typical Range / Aim |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Carbon (C)** | 0.18 - 0.23% | 0.18 - 0.21% |
| **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.40 - 0.70% | 0.50 - 0.65% |
| **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.025% max | ≤ 0.015% |
| **Sulfur (S)** | 0.025% max | ≤ 0.012% |
| **Silicon (Si)** | 0.20 - 0.60% | 0.25 - 0.40% |
| **Chromium (Cr)** | **0.90 - 1.25%** | 1.00 - 1.20% |
| **Molybdenum (Mo)** | **1.00 - 1.50%** | 1.10 - 1.25% |
| **Vanadium (V)** | **0.20 - 0.30%** | 0.22 - 0.28% |
| **Nickel (Ni)** | 0.50% max (residual) | ≤ 0.25% |
| **Copper (Cu)** | 0.20% max (residual) | ≤ 0.15% |
| **Key Tramp Elements** | Strict limits on Sn, Sb, As (typical). | Controlled to minimize temper embrittlement. |
**Physical & Mechanical Properties**
*Properties are determined from separately cast test blocks or integral extensions heat-treated with the casting.*
| Property | Requirement (ASTM A356 Grade 9) | Typical Performance & Significance |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Tensile Strength** | 90 ksi (620 MPa) min | 95 - 110 ksi (655 - 760 MPa) |
| **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)** | 70 ksi (485 MPa) min | 75 - 85 ksi (517 - 586 MPa) |
| **Elongation in 2" (Min)** | 18% | 18 - 22% |
| **Reduction of Area (Min)** | 35% | 40 - 50% |
| **Charpy V-Notch Toughness** | Often specified (e.g., 40 ft-lb min @ 70°F / 21°C). | Must exhibit good fracture toughness to resist crack initiation from stress concentrations and thermal fatigue. |
| **Creep & Stress Rupture Strength** | Defined by long-term data; comparable to A470-8. | Vanadium carbides provide outstanding long-term creep resistance at temperatures up to ~1050°F (566°C). |
| **Brinell Hardness** | 200 - 240 HB typical | Controlled for machinability and to ensure proper heat treatment. |
| **Key Feature** | **Heavy-Section Casting Integrity for High-Temperature Service:** Provides the high-temperature strength and microstructural stability of 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V alloy in the intricate, thick-walled shapes necessary for turbine stationary components, ensuring pressure integrity over a 30+ year design life. |
**Product Applications**
ASTM A356 Grade 9 castings are specified for the most critical stationary pressure-containing parts in high-performance steam turbines.
* **High-Pressure (HP) & Intermediate-Pressure (IP) Turbine Casings/Shells:** The main pressure vessels containing the rotor and stages.
* **Steam Chests & Valve Bodies:** For main stop and control valves handling high-pressure/temperature steam.
* **Inner Casing Components and Diaphragm Carriers.**
* **Turbine Inlet Nozzle Blocks and Exhaust Hoods** for high-temperature sections.
* **Compressor Casings** for high-temperature gas turbines (in certain designs).
**Advantages & Fabrication Notes**
* **Complex Geometry Capability:** Enables the production of near-net-shape components with complex internal passages and flanges that are impossible or prohibitively expensive to forge and machine.
* **Demanding Welding & Repair:** Repair welding of defects is common but highly controlled:
* **Preheat:** 400-500°F (204-260°C) minimum.
* **Low-Hydrogen Process:** GTAW or SMAW with E9018-B3/B3L electrodes.
* **Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT):** **Mandatory.** Must follow the original tempering cycle to restore properties. **Slow cooling through the 1200-800°F (649-427°C) range is critical to prevent reheat cracking.**
* **Resistance to Temper Embrittlement:** Like its forged counterpart, it relies on low residual elements to maintain toughness after long-term exposure to service temperatures.
* **Microstructural Homogeneity:** The double normalizing or quenching heat treatment is essential to break down the coarse dendritic as-cast structure and achieve a uniform tempered bainitic/martensitic microstructure with fine vanadium carbides.
* **Rigorous Quality Assurance:** Castings undergo extensive non-destructive examination (NDE), including radiographic testing (RT), ultrasonic testing (UT), magnetic particle testing (MT), and liquid penetrant testing (PT) to ensure internal and surface soundness.
**Disclaimer:**
This datasheet describes a **specialized, high-integrity casting alloy** for critical power generation components. Procurement of A356 Grade 9 castings is a complex process involving detailed technical specifications and collaboration with accredited foundries. Specifications must include **heat treatment parameters, mechanical property requirements (including impact toughness), NDE acceptance criteria (RT, UT levels), and weld repair procedures**. Design and material selection must be performed by engineers specializing in high-temperature turbine technology. The long-term creep and fatigue behavior are based on extensive historical data and testing. This material is not for general-purpose applications and requires expert handling throughout manufacturing, machining, and installation.
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ASTM A356/A356M-9 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V STEEL CASTINGS FOR STEAM TURBINE CASINGS (ASTM A356/A356M-9) Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4701 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
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ASTM A356/A356M-9 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V STEEL CASTINGS FOR STEAM TURBINE CASINGS (ASTM A356/A356M-9) Properties
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Applications of ASTM A356/A356M-9 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V Steel Flange CASTINGS FOR STEAM TURBINE CASINGS (ASTM A356/A356M-9)
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Chemical Identifiers ASTM A356/A356M-9 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V Steel Flange CASTINGS FOR STEAM TURBINE CASINGS (ASTM A356/A356M-9)
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Packing of ASTM A356/A356M-9 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V Steel Flange CASTINGS FOR STEAM TURBINE CASINGS (ASTM A356/A356M-9)
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Standard Packing:
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Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1172 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
