AISI 1038 Steel, hot rolled round

AISI 1038 Steel, hot rolled round, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1038 Steel, hot rolled round, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1038 Steel, hot rolled round, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Data Sheet: AISI 1038 Steel Round Bar** ## **Condition: Hot Rolled (As-Rolled)** ## **Size Range: 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) Diameter** ## **UNS Designation: G10380** --- ### **1. Product Overview** This specification covers **hot rolled round bars** of AISI 1038 medium-carbon steel in the practical diameter range of **19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 inches)** supplied in the **as-rolled condition**. The material is produced through conventional hot rolling processes above the recrystallization temperature, typically finishing at 870-925°C (1600-1700°F), followed by controlled air cooling. This size range represents one of the most commonly used and stocked sizes for industrial applications, offering an optimal balance of strength, machinability, and cost-effectiveness. With a carbon content of approximately 0.38%, AISI 1038 provides enhanced strength and wear resistance compared to lower-carbon grades, making it ideal for shafts, fasteners, and structural components requiring good mechanical properties without additional heat treatment. --- ### **2. Chemical Composition (% by Weight)** | Element | AISI/SAE Specification | UNS G10380 Range | Typical Hot Rolled Analysis | Metallurgical Significance | |---------|------------------------|------------------|-----------------------------|---------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.35 - 0.42 | 0.35 - 0.42 | 0.36 - 0.40 | Primary strengthening element; determines hardenability | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.60 - 0.90 | 0.60 - 0.90 | 0.70 - 0.85 | Enhances hardenability; improves strength and wear resistance | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.040 | ≤ 0.040 | ≤ 0.025 | Residual impurity; controlled for ductility | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.050 | ≤ 0.050 | 0.020 - 0.035 | Improves machinability via manganese sulfide formation | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.30 | 0.15 - 0.30 | 0.20 - 0.25 | Deoxidizer; strengthens ferrite matrix | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Balance | Balance | Base metal | **Quality Note:** Material in this size range is typically produced from carefully controlled heats to ensure consistent rolling behavior and mechanical properties across the diameter spectrum. --- ### **3. Physical Properties** | Property | Typical Value | Units | Conditions/Notes | |----------|---------------|-------|-----------------| | **Density** | 7.85 | g/cm³ | At 20°C | | **Melting Point** | 1,425 - 1,510 | °C | Approximate range | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 49.0 - 52.0 | W/m·K | At 100°C | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 470 - 480 | J/kg·K | At 20°C | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 11.5 - 12.2 | ×10⁻⁶/°C | 20-100°C range | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.18 - 0.20 | μΩ·m | At 20°C | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 29,000 - 30,000 ksi | 200 - 207 GPa | Room temperature | | **Shear Modulus** | 11,500 ksi | 79.3 GPa | Room temperature | | **Poisson's Ratio** | 0.29 - 0.30 | - | Room temperature | | **Magnetic Properties** | Ferromagnetic | - | Up to Curie temperature (~770°C) | --- ### **4. Mechanical Properties (Hot Rolled Condition)** #### **A. Guaranteed Minimum Mechanical Properties** *Per ASTM A29 for hot rolled carbon steel bars* | Property | Imperial Units | Metric Units | Test Standard | |----------|----------------|--------------|---------------| | **Tensile Strength, min** | 75 ksi | 515 MPa | ASTM E8 / ISO 6892-1 | | **Yield Strength (Rp0.2), min** | 50 ksi | 345 MPa | ASTM E8 / ISO 6892-1 | | **Elongation in 2", min** | 20% | 20% | ASTM E8 / ISO 6892-1 | | **Reduction of Area, min** | 40% | 40% | ASTM E8 / ISO 6892-1 | | **Brinell Hardness Range** | 170 - 210 HBW | 170 - 210 HBW | ASTM E10 | | **Rockwell Hardness** | B85 - B95 | B85 - B95 | ASTM E18 | #### **B. Typical Mechanical Properties by Diameter** | Diameter | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Elongation | Hardness (HBW) | Weight per Meter | |----------|------------------|----------------|------------|----------------|-------------------| | **19 mm (0.75")** | 77-83 ksi / 530-570 MPa | 52-58 ksi / 360-400 MPa | 21-26% | 180-195 | 2.23 kg | | **22 mm (0.875")** | 76-82 ksi / 525-565 MPa | 51-57 ksi / 350-395 MPa | 21-26% | 175-190 | 3.00 kg | | **25 mm (1.0")** | 75-81 ksi / 515-560 MPa | 50-56 ksi / 345-385 MPa | 20-25% | 170-185 | 3.85 kg | | **28 mm (1.1")** | 74-80 ksi / 510-550 MPa | 49-55 ksi / 340-380 MPa | 20-25% | 165-180 | 4.83 kg | | **32 mm (1.25")** | 73-79 ksi / 505-545 MPa | 48-54 ksi / 330-370 MPa | 20-25% | 160-175 | 6.31 kg | #### **C. Hardenability Data (Jominy End-Quench)** | Distance from Quenched End | Typical Hardness (HRC) | Notes | |----------------------------|-------------------------|-------| | **1/16" (1.6 mm)** | 50-55 | Surface hardness after water quench | | **1/4" (6.4 mm)** | 40-45 | Good hardenability for this carbon level | | **1/2" (12.7 mm)** | 30-35 | Suitable for through-hardening of moderate sections | | **1" (25.4 mm)** | 22-28 | Moderate hardenability depth | #### **D. Impact Properties** - **Charpy V-Notch (20°C):** 25-40 J - **Ductile-to-Brittle Transition:** Approximately -20°C to -40°C - **Notch Sensitivity Factor (q):** 0.7-0.8 --- ### **5. Processing Characteristics** #### **A. Hot Rolled Condition Attributes** - **Surface Finish:** Characteristic blue-black mill scale (Fe₃O₄) - **Surface Roughness (Ra):** 12.5 - 25 μm (500 - 1000 μin) - **Decarburization Depth:** ≤ 0.40 mm total (surface + subsurface) - **Dimensional Tolerance:** Standard hot rolled tolerances per ASTM A29 - **Straightness:** Commercial straightness (typically ≤ 1.0 mm/m) - **Out-of-Roundness:** ≤ 0.3 mm for diameters ≤ 32 mm #### **B. Machinability** - **Rating:** 55-60% (relative to AISI 1212 steel as 100%) - **Optimum Condition:** Good in as-rolled state; improves with annealing - **Cutting Speeds:** 25-40 m/min (80-130 SFM) with HSS tools - **Feed Rates:** 0.15-0.30 mm/rev (0.006-0.012 in/rev) - **Tool Materials:** Carbide or coated carbide recommended for production - **Chip Formation:** Continuous chips; chip breakers recommended - **Surface Finish:** Good with proper tooling and parameters #### **C. Weldability** - **Rating:** Fair (requires specific procedures) - **Pre-heat Recommended:** 150-200°C (300-400°F) for sections >12 mm - **Post-Weld Heat Treatment:** Stress relief at 590-650°C (1100-1200°F) recommended - **Filler Metals:** E7018, ER70S-6 or equivalent low-hydrogen electrodes - **Cracking Sensitivity:** Moderate; requires controlled cooling #### **D. Heat Treatment Response** - **Normalizing Temperature:** 900-925°C (1650-1700°F), air cool - **Annealing Temperature:** 830-860°C (1525-1580°F), furnace cool - **Hardenability:** Good; suitable for through-hardening of sections up to ~25 mm - **Quenching Media:** Water or oil depending on section size and hardness requirements - **Tempering Range:** 200-650°C (400-1200°F) #### **E. Forgeability & Hot Working** - **Hot Forging Temperature:** 1150-900°C (2100-1650°F) - **Hot Working Temperature:** 1100-850°C (2010-1560°F) - **Forgeability Rating:** Excellent - **Scale Formation:** Moderate; controlled atmosphere reduces scale loss --- ### **6. Microstructural Characteristics** - **As-Rolled Structure:** Ferrite-pearlite with possible mild banding - **Pearlite Content:** ~50-60% (depending on exact carbon content and cooling rate) - **Grain Size:** ASTM 5-7 (typical) - **Inclusion Rating:** ASTM E45 Method A: Thin series ≤ 2.0 - **Decarburization:** Surface ferrite layer typically 0.2-0.4 mm - **Microcleanliness:** Controlled sulfide shape and distribution --- ### **7. Product Applications** #### **Automotive & Transportation** - **Drivetrain Components:** Transmission shafts, axle shafts (light-medium duty) - **Steering Components:** Tie rods, drag links, pitman arms - **Suspension Parts:** Leaf spring clips, U-bolts, shackle pins - **Fasteners:** High-strength bolts (Grade 5-8.8), studs, wheel bolts #### **General Machinery & Equipment** - **Power Transmission:** Line shafts, counter shafts, drive shafts - **Agricultural Equipment:** Implement pins, PTO shafts, linkage components - **Material Handling:** Conveyor rollers, pulley shafts, hoist components - **Machine Components:** Spindles, arbors, feed screws, guide rods #### **Construction & Heavy Equipment** - **Earth-Moving Equipment:** Bucket pins, hinge pins, linkage arms - **Mining Equipment:** Non-critical shafts, pins, and bushings - **Crane Components:** Sheave pins, boom foot pins, load blocks - **Scaffolding:** High-strength coupling pins, drop-forged fittings #### **Tooling & Manufacturing** - **Die Components:** Punches, die buttons, guide posts - **Fixture Components:** Locating pins, drill bushings, wear strips - **Machine Tool Elements:** Tool holders, collets, mandrels - **Wear Components:** Bushings, bearings, wear plates #### **Industrial Fasteners** - **Structural Bolts:** Grade 5 (SAE J429) and Grade 8.8 (ISO 898-1) - **Studs & Pins:** For machinery assembly and construction - **Specialty Fasteners:** High-strength applications requiring 0.38% carbon - **Anchor Bolts:** For concrete and structural connections --- ### **8. International Standards Compliance** #### **Direct Standards:** | Standard System | Standard Number | Grade Designation | Condition/Notes | |-----------------|----------------|-------------------|-----------------| | **AISI/SAE** | - | 1038 | Hot Rolled | | **UNS** | - | G10380 | Unified numbering system | | **ASTM** | A29/A29M | Grade 1038 | Hot rolled bars | | **ASTM** | A576 | Grade 1038 | Special quality bars | #### **International Equivalents (Approximate):** | Country/Region | Standard | Grade/Designation | Comparison Notes | |----------------|----------|-------------------|------------------| | **ISO** | 683-18 | Type 1.0538 | Technically equivalent | | **EN** | 10083-2 | C38 (1.0506) | +U (Untreated) | | **Germany** | DIN 17200 | C38 | Warmgewalzt (hot rolled) | | **Japan** | JIS G4051 | S38C | As-rolled condition | | **China** | GB/T 699 | 38 | Hot Rolled | | **UK** | BS 970-1 | 080M38 | Condition A (As-rolled) | | **France** | NF A35-551 | XC38 | Hot rolled condition | | **India** | IS 5517 | C38, 40C8 | Similar grade | --- ### **9. Available Specifications & Sizes** #### **Standard Diameters in This Range:** - **Primary Sizes:** 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 28, 30, 32 mm - **Inch Equivalents:** 0.75, 0.875, 1.0, 1.1, 1.125, 1.25 inches - **Lengths:** Standard random lengths 3-6 meters; cut-to-length available - **Tolerances:** Standard hot rolled per ASTM A29 Table 4 #### **Surface Conditions Available:** - Hot rolled with mill scale (standard) - Pickled and oiled (descaled) - Shot blasted or grit blasted - Rough turned (for improved surface finish) #### **Quality Designations:** - Commercial quality - Drawing quality - Forging quality - Special quality (with additional testing) --- ### **10. Heat Treatment Guidelines** #### **Normalizing (Recommended for Best Consistency):** - **Temperature:** 900-925°C (1650-1700°F) - **Soaking Time:** 1 hour per inch of thickness - **Cooling:** Still air - **Resulting Hardness:** 170-210 HBW #### **Annealing (for Maximum Machinability):** - **Temperature:** 830-860°C (1525-1580°F) - **Soaking Time:** 1-2 hours per inch of thickness - **Cooling:** Slow furnace cooling (≤25°C/hour to 315°C) - **Resulting Hardness:** 150-175 HBW #### **Hardening & Tempering:** - **Austenitizing:** 830-860°C (1525-1580°F) - **Quenching:** Water for sections ≤20 mm, oil for larger sections - **Tempering:** 200-650°C (400-1200°F) based on desired hardness - **Typical Applications:** - 425°C temper: High strength (≈35-40 HRC) - 540°C temper: Optimal balance (≈28-33 HRC) - 650°C temper: High toughness (≈22-26 HRC) --- ### **11. Quality Assurance & Testing** #### **Standard Testing Protocol:** 1. **Chemical Analysis:** Spectrographic method on drillings 2. **Tensile Testing:** One test per heat/lot 3. **Hardness Testing:** Brinell method at representative locations 4. **Dimensional Verification:** To specified tolerances 5. **Visual Inspection:** For surface defects #### **Optional Testing Services:** - Impact testing (Charpy V-notch) - Hardenability testing (Jominy) - Microstructure examination - Non-destructive testing (UT, MT, PT) - Decarburization measurement #### **Certification Available:** - **EN 10204 2.1:** Declaration of compliance - **EN 10204 3.1:** Mill Test Certificate with test results - **EN 10204 3.2:** Inspection Certificate with specific test data - **Material Traceability:** Full heat number traceability --- ### **12. Design & Engineering Considerations** #### **Strength Properties for Design:** - **Allowable Tensile Stress:** 0.60 × Yield Strength = 30 ksi (207 MPa) - **Allowable Shear Stress:** 0.40 × Yield Strength = 20 ksi (138 MPa) - **Fatigue Endurance Limit:** ~230-260 MPa (polished, R=-1, 10⁷ cycles) - **Recommended Safety Factors:** - Static loading: 3.0-4.0 - Dynamic/fatigue loading: 5.0+ - Impact loading: 6.0+ #### **Temperature Limitations:** - **Maximum Service Temperature:** 400°C (750°F) for continuous service - **Minimum Service Temperature:** -20°C (-4°F) without impact testing - **Thermal Cycling:** Good resistance below 350°C (660°F) #### **Corrosion Protection:** - **Atmospheric Corrosion:** Poor to fair (similar to other carbon steels) - **Recommended Protection:** Painting, galvanizing, plating - **Special Environments:** Not recommended for corrosive service without protection --- ### **13. Storage, Handling & Safety** #### **Storage Requirements:** - Store in dry, covered area with adequate ventilation - Keep off ground using proper dunnage (wood or plastic) - Protect from excessive moisture and corrosive environments - Stack bars properly with adequate support to prevent bending - Separate by grade, size, and heat number for traceability #### **Handling Precautions:** - Use appropriate lifting equipment (c-hooks, magnets, slings) - Avoid dropping or impacting bars to prevent surface damage - Wear appropriate PPE (gloves, safety shoes, eye protection) - Follow standard safety procedures for heavy material handling #### **Safety Information:** - **MSDS Classification:** Non-hazardous solid metal product - **Fire Safety:** Non-combustible in bulk form - **Machining Dust:** May be irritant; use local exhaust ventilation - **Disposal:** 100% recyclable as ferrous scrap - **Environmental Impact:** No special environmental concerns --- ### **14. Comparison with Similar Grades** | Grade | Carbon % | Typical Tensile (HR) | Relative Cost | Primary Applications | |-------|----------|----------------------|---------------|----------------------| | **AISI 1035** | 0.32-0.38 | 70-80 ksi | Slightly lower | General purpose, good machinability | | **AISI 1038** | 0.35-0.42 | 75-85 ksi | Base | Optimal balance of strength and machinability | | **AISI 1040** | 0.37-0.44 | 80-90 ksi | Similar | Higher strength, slightly less ductile | | **AISI 1045** | 0.43-0.50 | 85-95 ksi | Slightly higher | Higher wear resistance, less machinable | **AISI 1038 Advantage:** Provides an excellent compromise between strength (from 0.38% carbon) and machinability, making it one of the most versatile medium-carbon steels for general engineering applications. --- **Disclaimer:** The information provided represents typical properties and characteristics for AISI 1038 hot rolled steel round bars in the 19-32 mm diameter range. Actual properties may vary within standard specification limits. For critical applications, prototype testing under actual service conditions is strongly recommended. Users should consult with technical experts for application-specific recommendations and verification testing. **Revision:** 2.0 **Effective Date:** January 2025 **Document Control:** DS-1038-HR-19-32-EN **UNS Designation:** G10380 **AISI/SAE Designation:** 1038 **Product Form:** Hot Rolled Round Bar -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1038 Steel, hot rolled round, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6055 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1038 Steel, hot rolled round, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1038 Steel, hot rolled round, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1038 Steel, hot rolled round, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1038 Steel, hot rolled round, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2526 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition