AISI 1090 Steel, hot rolled

AISI 1090 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1090 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI 1090 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ### **Product Data Sheet: AISI 1090 Steel, Hot-Rolled Round Bar (19-32 mm / 0.75-1.25 in)** #### **1. Overview** AISI 1090 (UNS G10900) is a very high-carbon, non-alloy steel supplied in the standard hot-rolled round bar form. Representing the upper extreme of the standard carbon steel series, it is renowned for its exceptional potential to achieve maximum hardness, strength, and wear resistance after proper heat treatment. In its as-rolled condition, it features a characteristic mill-scaled surface and a pearlitic microstructure, providing moderate strength and fair machinability. This product serves as the fundamental, cost-effective raw material for components that will be forged, machined, and critically, heat-treated to unlock legendary performance in edge retention and durability. --- #### **2. Chemical Composition (AISI/SAE Standard)** | Element | Content (%) | | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | **0.85 - 0.98** | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.60 - 0.90 | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.040 | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.050 | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.35 | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | **Key Distinction:** With a carbon content approaching 1.0%, AISI 1090 sits at the pinnacle of the standard 10xx series. This chemistry enables it to reach the highest possible hardness (~66-68 HRC) of any common non-alloy steel, but also makes it more sensitive to processing parameters than lower-carbon grades. --- #### **3. Typical Physical & Mechanical Properties (As-Hot Rolled)** *Properties are for the "black," as-rolled state prior to any further processing.* | Property | Typical Value / Description | | :--- | :--- | | **Condition** | Hot-Rolled (Pearlitic Microstructure, often with grain boundary cementite) | | **Density** | 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 190-210 GPa (27.5-30.5 x 10⁶ psi) | | **Tensile Strength** | **700 - 870 MPa (102 - 126 ksi)** | | **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)** | **380 - 500 MPa (55 - 73 ksi)** | | **Elongation (in 50 mm)** | **~ 9 - 12%** | | **Reduction in Area** | **~ 20 - 25%** | | **Hardness** | **207 - 255 HB** (Brinell) | | **Machinability** | **Fair to Poor (~40% of AISI 1212).** The high carbon and abrasive pearlitic/cementite structure significantly reduce tool life. Machinability improves after annealing. | | **Surface Finish** | Standard hot-rolled finish with adherent mill scale. | --- #### **4. Key Characteristics & Heat Treatment Response** * **Ultimate Hardenability:** The defining feature. AISI 1090 can achieve the maximum hardness possible for a plain carbon steel, resulting in exceptional wear resistance and superior edge-holding capability for cutting tools. * **High Elastic Limit:** When properly quenched and tempered (e.g., to a spring temper of ~45-50 HRC), it develops an extremely high yield strength, suitable for the most demanding spring applications. * **Processing Sensitivity:** Requires precise control during heat treatment. The high carbon content increases risks of: * **Quench Cracking:** High susceptibility due to severe martensitic transformation stresses. * **Retained Austenite:** If not quenched sufficiently or tempered properly. * **Grain Growth:** Overheating during austenitizing must be avoided. * **Inherent Brittleness:** Exhibits low ductility and impact toughness. Not suitable for shock loading without careful tempering. * **Very Poor Weldability:** **Not recommended for welding.** Extreme susceptibility to heat-affected zone cracking. If unavoidable, requires stringent procedures (high preheat >400°C, post-heat, specialized fillers). --- #### **5. Primary Product Applications** AISI 1090 hot-rolled bar is a specialized feedstock for components where maximum performance from a simple steel chemistry is required. * **High-Performance Cutting Tools & Blades:** The premier choice for **premium knives (hunting, tactical, custom), machetes, plane blades, and industrial shear blades** where supreme edge retention is critical. * **Heavy-Duty Springs:** For the most demanding **coil springs, leaf springs, and torsion bars** in automotive, rail, and heavy machinery where the highest possible elastic limit is needed. * **Striking & Impact Tools:** **Chisels, punches, and cold chisels** that require extreme surface hardness to resist deformation. * **Severe Wear Parts:** Components subjected to intense abrasion: **agricultural plow shares, cultivator points, and crusher liners**. * **Tooling Components:** For non-precision punches, die inserts, and wear parts that benefit from extreme hardness without the cost of alloy tool steels. --- #### **6. Relevant International & Industry Standards** | Standard System | Standard Designation | Title / Scope | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **AISI / SAE / UNS (USA)** | **1090, SAE J403, UNS G10900** | Standard Grade Designation | | **ASTM (USA)** | **ASTM A29/A29M** | Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought | | **ASTM (USA)** | **ASTM A576** | Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality | | **ASTM (USA)** | **ASTM A689** | Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars for Springs | | **DIN / EN (Germany/EU)** | **1.1274 / C90W2** | EN 10083-2: Steels for quenching and tempering. A direct equivalent. | | **JIS (Japan)** | **SWRH87A / SWRH90A** | High Carbon Steel Wire Rods (similar composition). | | **GB (China)** | **90# / T9(A)** | Quality Carbon Structural Steel (GB/T 699) or Tool Steel equivalent. | --- ### **Manufacturing Pathway & Selection Guide** 1. **Material Selection:** Choose AISI 1090 when the application demands the **absolute maximum hardness, wear resistance, or elastic limit achievable with a standard carbon steel**. 2. **Forming:** Shape via **hot forging, machining, or hot bending**. **Cold forming is not feasible** without an intermediate spheroidizing anneal. 3. **Heat Treatment (Critical & Requires High Expertise):** * **Austenitize:** Heat uniformly and precisely to **~770-790°C (1420-1455°F)**. **Avoid overheating.** Use a controlled atmosphere if possible. * **Quench:** **Warm, agitated oil (40-60°C)** is strongly recommended to balance hardness attainment with crack prevention. Water quenching is for experts on simple shapes only and carries very high risk. * **Temper:** **Immediately and fully.** Often requires double tempering. Temperatures range from **150-200°C (300-400°F) for maximum hardness** to **300-450°C (575-840°F) for springs/tough tools**. 4. **Finishing:** Final grinding, polishing, or shot peening (for springs). **Summary:** **AISI 1090 hot-rolled round bar is the definitive high-carbon steel for ultimate performance.** It is selected by knifemakers, spring designers, and tooling engineers who seek to exploit the **outer limits of what plain carbon steel can achieve**. Its successful use is entirely dependent on skilled, precise, and often meticulous heat treatment. This material offers no compromises on hardness potential but demands the highest level of processing respect. It is the benchmark against which other high-carbon steels are measured for sheer performance in hardness and strength. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1090 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <4898 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1090 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI 1090 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1090 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1090 Steel, hot rolled, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1369 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition