AISI E9310H Steel, normalized

AISI E9310H Steel, normalized at 890°C (1635°F) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI E9310H Steel, normalized at 890°C (1635°F) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

AISI E9310H Steel, normalized at 890°C (1635°F) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Data Sheet: AISI E9310H Steel** **Condition:** Normalized at 890°C (1635°F) --- ## **1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW** **AISI E9310H** is a premium-grade, nickel-chromium-molybdenum carburizing steel supplied in the normalized condition at **890°C (1635°F)**. This specific heat treatment refines the grain structure, homogenizes the microstructure, and provides optimal mechanical properties for subsequent manufacturing operations and final heat treatment. The normalization process at 890°C ensures complete austenitization followed by controlled air cooling, resulting in a fine, uniform ferrite-pearlite structure that offers excellent machinability while maintaining the material's inherent hardenability characteristics. This condition represents the **ideal starting state** for manufacturing critical components requiring subsequent case hardening, particularly in aerospace, defense, and high-performance industrial applications where consistent material response and predictable dimensional changes are paramount. --- ## **2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION** **Compliance:** SAE J404, AMS 6260H, ASTM A534 (Hardenability Controlled) | Element | Minimum (%) | Maximum (%) | Typical (%) | Metallurgical Function | |---------|------------|-------------|-------------|------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.10 | Establishes core strength foundation for carburizing | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.45 | 0.65 | 0.55 | Enhances hardenability and deoxidization | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.22 | Deoxidizer, improves strength and temper resistance | | **Nickel (Ni)** | 3.00 | 3.50 | 3.25 | **Primary contributor to exceptional core toughness and fatigue resistance** | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 1.00 | 1.40 | 1.20 | Forms hard carbides, enhances wear resistance and hardenability | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.12 | Refines grain structure, prevents temper embrittlement | | **Phosphorus (P)** | — | 0.025 | 0.015 | Residual element (strictly controlled) | | **Sulfur (S)** | — | 0.025 | 0.015 | Controlled for optimal machinability | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | — | Balance | Base metal | **Hardenability Certification:** Material complies with **SAE J1268 H-band requirements**, ensuring predictable and consistent response to subsequent quenching operations across all production batches and section sizes. --- ## **3. NORMALIZATION PROCESS SPECIFICATION** ### **Heat Treatment Parameters:** - **Normalizing Temperature:** 890°C ± 15°C (1635°F ± 25°F) - **Soak Time:** 60 minutes minimum at temperature (for sections up to 50 mm) - **Cooling Method:** Still air cooling in uniform environment - **Atmosphere:** Protective or controlled atmosphere to minimize oxidation - **Purpose:** To refine grain structure, relieve internal stresses, and improve uniformity ### **Microstructural Characteristics:** - **Primary Structure:** Fine, uniform mixture of ferrite and pearlite - **Grain Size:** ASTM 5-7 (fine-grained structure) - **Prior Austenite Grain Size:** Refined and consistent throughout cross-section - **Microcleanliness:** Meets AMS 2300/2301 aircraft quality standards - **Carbide Distribution:** Uniformly dispersed fine carbides ### **Advantages of 890°C Normalization:** 1. **Complete Austenitization:** Ensures full transformation of microstructure 2. **Grain Refinement:** Produces optimal grain size for both machinability and final properties 3. **Homogenization:** Eliminates chemical segregation from prior processing 4. **Stress Relief:** Reduces residual stresses from casting, forging, or rolling 5. **Property Consistency:** Creates uniform starting condition for machining operations --- ## **4. MECHANICAL & PHYSICAL PROPERTIES** ### **Mechanical Properties (Typical Values - Normalized Condition):** | Property | Value Range | Typical Value | Test Standard | |----------|------------|---------------|---------------| | **Hardness (Brinell)** | 207-255 HB | 223 HB | ASTM E10 | | **Hardness (Rockwell)** | 95-103 HRB | 98 HRB | ASTM E18 | | **Tensile Strength** | 690-860 MPa | 760 MPa | ASTM E8 | | **Yield Strength (0.2%)** | 480-620 MPa | 550 MPa | ASTM E8 | | **Elongation (50mm)** | 18-25% | 22% | ASTM E8 | | **Reduction of Area** | 40-55% | 48% | ASTM E8 | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 200-205 GPa | 203 GPa | ASTM E111 | | **Shear Modulus** | 80 GPa | 80 GPa | — | | **Poisson's Ratio** | 0.29 | 0.29 | — | **Note:** Properties may vary slightly based on section size and cooling conditions. ### **Physical Properties:** - **Density:** 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) - **Melting Point:** 1420-1465°C (2590-2670°F) - **Thermal Conductivity:** 42.5 W/m·K at 100°C - **Specific Heat:** 460 J/kg·K at 100°C - **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** 12.3 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-300°C) - **Electrical Resistivity:** 0.22 µΩ·m at 20°C - **Magnetic Properties:** Ferromagnetic ### **Machinability Characteristics:** - **Machinability Rating:** 60-65% (relative to 1212 steel as 100%) - **Recommended Cutting Speed:** 30-45 m/min (100-150 ft/min) for turning - **Tool Material:** Coated carbide or high-speed steel - **Surface Finish:** Excellent achievable finish (Ra 1.6-3.2 µm typical) --- ## **5. SUBSEQUENT HEAT TREATMENT RESPONSE** ### **Core Properties After Final Heat Treatment:** *When properly carburized and hardened:* - **Core Hardness:** 38-45 HRC (depending on section size and quench severity) - **Core Tensile Strength:** 1100-1400 MPa (160-200 ksi) - **Core Toughness:** Excellent due to nickel content ### **Case Properties (After Carburizing & Hardening):** - **Surface Hardness:** 58-65 HRC (depending on tempering temperature) - **Case Depth:** Typically 0.5-2.0 mm (0.020-0.080 in) based on application - **Case Carbon Content:** 0.70-0.90% ### **Distortion Characteristics:** - **Predictable Response:** Normalized structure minimizes distortion during final heat treatment - **Dimensional Stability:** Superior to as-rolled or forged conditions - **Repeatability:** Consistent lot-to-lot performance --- ## **6. PRODUCT APPLICATIONS** ### **Primary Application Areas:** **Aerospace Components:** - **Aircraft Engine Gears:** Critical transmission and accessory drive gears - **Helicopter Transmission:** Main and tail rotor drive components - **Landing Gear Components:** High-stress pins, bushings, and gears - **Flight Control Systems:** Actuator gears and drive mechanisms **Defense & Military:** - **Vehicle Transmission:** Tank and armored vehicle drive components - **Weapon Systems:** Gearing and drive components - **Naval Applications:** Shipboard gearbox components **High-Performance Automotive:** - **Racing Transmissions:** Gearbox and differential gears - **Performance Components:** High-stress drivetrain parts **Industrial Machinery:** - **Heavy-Duty Gearboxes:** Industrial power transmission components - **Mining Equipment:** Crusher gears and drive components - **Oil & Gas:** Pump gears and drilling equipment components - **Wind Turbines:** Gearbox components for renewable energy ### **Typical Component Types:** - Gears and pinions of all types (spur, helical, bevel, worm) - Splined shafts and axles - Bearing races and rollers - High-strength fasteners and studs - Heavy-duty pins and bushings - Wear-resistant components requiring case hardening ### **Manufacturing Advantages:** 1. **Optimal Machinability:** Ideal hardness for efficient material removal 2. **Predictable Dimensional Changes:** Consistent response during heat treatment 3. **Superior Surface Finish:** Fine grain structure enables excellent machined surfaces 4. **Reduced Tool Wear:** Lower hardness than hardened material extends tool life 5. **Minimal Distortion:** Uniform properties reduce warping during machining --- ## **7. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS COMPLIANCE** ### **Primary Governing Standards:** **Material Standards:** - **AMS 6260H:** Steel Bars, Forgings, and Tubing (0.08C - 0.13C) - **Primary Aerospace Specification** - **SAE J404:** Chemical Compositions of SAE Alloy Steels - **SAE J1268:** Hardenability Bands for Carburizing Steels - **ASTM A534:** Carburizing Steels for Anti-Friction Bearings - **UNS G93106:** Unified Numbering System Designation **Processing Standards:** - **AMS 2759/1:** Heat Treatment of Steel Parts, General Requirements - **AMS 2300:** Premium Aircraft-Quality Steel Cleanliness (Magnetic Particle Method) - **AMS 2301:** Aircraft Quality Steel Cleanliness (Magnetic Particle Method) **Testing Standards:** - **ASTM E10:** Brinell Hardness Test - **ASTM E18:** Rockwell Hardness Test - **ASTM E45:** Inclusion Content Determination - **ASTM E112:** Grain Size Determination - **ASTM E1019:** Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen ### **International Equivalents:** | Country/Standard | Designation | Notes | |-----------------|-------------|-------| | **United States** | AMS 6260H, SAE 9310H | Primary specifications | | **Europe (EN)** | 1.6657 | 14NiCrMo13-4 (Close equivalent) | | **Germany (DIN/WNr.)** | 1.6651 | 14NiCr14 (Similar composition) | | **Japan (JIS)** | SNCM815 | Approximate equivalent | | **United Kingdom** | 817M40 | Modified equivalent | | **France** | 14NCD13 | Similar characteristics | | **ISO** | 14NiCrMo13-4 | International designation | --- ## **8. QUALITY ASSURANCE & TESTING** ### **Standard Testing Protocol:** 1. **Chemical Analysis:** Complete ladle and product analysis 2. **Hardenability Testing:** End-quench test per SAE J1268 3. **Hardness Testing:** Multiple point testing across sections 4. **Microstructural Examination:** Grain size and inclusion rating 5. **Ultrasonic Testing:** Available for critical applications 6. **Macroetch Testing:** For internal soundness assessment ### **Certification Requirements:** - **Mill Test Certificate 3.1:** Per EN 10204 with full traceability - **Heat Treatment Records:** Complete normalization process documentation - **Hardenability Report:** Certified end-quench curve for each heat - **Chemical Analysis Certificate:** Ladle and product analysis - **Traceability:** Complete chain from melt to finished product ### **Optional Enhanced Testing:** - **Fracture Toughness Testing:** K₁C determination for critical applications - **Fatigue Testing:** Axial and bending fatigue characterization - **Residual Stress Analysis:** X-ray diffraction measurement - **Non-Destructive Testing:** 100% MPI, FPI, or ultrasonic inspection --- ## **9. PROCESSING GUIDELINES** ### **Machining Recommendations:** - **Cutting Speed:** 30-45 m/min (100-150 ft/min) for turning operations - **Feed Rate:** 0.15-0.25 mm/rev (0.006-0.010 in/rev) - **Depth of Cut:** 1.5-3.0 mm (0.060-0.120 in) for roughing - **Tool Material:** Coated carbide (PVD/TiCN) recommended - **Coolant:** Required for optimal tool life and surface finish - **Machinability Rating:** 60% (relative to 1212 steel as 100%) ### **Subsequent Heat Treatment:** 1. **Carburizing:** 925-940°C (1700-1725°F) with 0.80-0.90% carbon potential 2. **Hardening:** 815-845°C (1500-1550°F) austenitizing, oil quench 3. **Tempering:** 150-230°C (300-450°F) based on application requirements 4. **Optional:** Cryogenic treatment for retained austenite transformation ### **Forming & Fabrication:** - **Hot Working:** 1150-900°C (2100-1650°F) - excellent hot workability - **Forging:** 1150-950°C (2100-1740°F) - **Cold Forming:** Limited to moderate deformation - **Welding:** Not recommended for finished components; requires special procedures - **Stress Relieving:** 595-650°C (1100-1200°F) after cold working --- ## **10. COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE** ### **Comparison with Other Conditions:** | Property | Normalized (890°C) | Annealed (845°C) | As-Rolled | |----------|-------------------|------------------|-----------| | **Hardness (HB)** | 207-255 | 187-229 | 269-321 | | **Tensile Strength** | 690-860 MPa | 620-760 MPa | 790-930 MPa | | **Machinability** | Good (60%) | Excellent (65%) | Fair (55%) | | **Grain Structure** | Fine, uniform | Spheroidized | Variable, elongated | | **Subsequent HT Response** | Excellent | Very Good | Good | | **Dimensional Stability** | Very Good | Excellent | Fair | ### **Application Selection Guide:** - **Choose Normalized for:** Optimal balance of machinability and heat treatment response - **Choose Annealed for:** Maximum machinability and formability - **Choose As-Rolled for:** Cost-sensitive applications with less critical requirements --- ## **11. STORAGE & HANDLING** ### **Storage Conditions:** - **Environment:** Dry, covered storage to prevent corrosion - **Temperature:** Ambient temperature storage - **Humidity:** <60% relative humidity recommended - **Stacking:** Proper support to prevent bending - **Identification:** Clear marking of heat numbers, grade, and condition - **Shelf Life:** Unlimited with proper storage conditions ### **Safety Considerations:** - **Material Handling:** Use appropriate lifting equipment - **Machining Safety:** Standard steel machining precautions apply - **Personal Protective Equipment:** Safety glasses, hearing protection, gloves - **Disposal:** Recyclable as ferrous scrap material --- ## **12. ORDERING INFORMATION** ### **Standard Supply Specification:** ``` Material: AISI 9310H Normalized Condition: Normalized at 890°C (1635°F) Forms Available: Round bars, flat bars, forgings, billets Sizes: Various diameters and thicknesses available Surface Finish: As-normalized, descaled, or machined Certification: AMS 6260H with full traceability ``` ### **Available Options:** - **Sizes:** 10 mm to 300 mm diameter rounds - **Lengths:** Random lengths or cut-to-size - **Surface Conditions:** Hot-rolled, turned, ground, or polished - **Special Testing:** Enhanced quality verification packages - **Custom Processing:** Special normalization cycles available ### **Lead Time Guidelines:** - **Stock Material:** 1-2 weeks - **Mill Production:** 4-6 weeks - **Special Processing:** Additional 2-3 weeks - **International Orders:** Additional shipping time --- ## **13. TECHNICAL SUPPORT** ### **Engineering Services Available:** - Material selection and application analysis - Heat treatment process optimization - Machining parameter recommendations - Failure analysis and troubleshooting - Application-specific consultation ### **Documentation Provided:** - Complete material certification packages - Heat treatment process records - Test reports and analysis certificates - Safety data sheets - Technical data sheets and application notes --- ## **CONCLUSION** **AISI E9310H steel normalized at 890°C (1635°F)** represents the optimal starting material for manufacturing high-performance case-hardened components. This specific condition provides: 1. **Consistent Quality:** Uniform properties throughout material cross-sections 2. **Manufacturing Efficiency:** Optimal hardness for machining with excellent tool life 3. **Predictable Performance:** Reliable response to subsequent heat treatment operations 4. **Versatile Application:** Suitable for a wide range of critical components The material's compliance with stringent aerospace standards (AMS 6260H) and its proven performance in demanding applications make it the preferred choice for engineers and manufacturers seeking reliable, high-quality material for components where failure is not an option. For applications requiring exceptional toughness, fatigue resistance, and reliability—particularly in aerospace, defense, and high-performance industrial sectors—AISI E9310H in the normalized condition provides the material foundation for components that must perform under the most demanding conditions. --- **DISCLAIMER:** The information contained in this technical datasheet is based on typical values and industry standards. Actual properties may vary based on specific processing parameters, testing methods, and application requirements. For critical applications, consultation with materials engineering specialists and appropriate testing validation are recommended. All information subject to change without notice. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI E9310H Steel, normalized at 890°C (1635°F) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5775 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI E9310H Steel, normalized at 890°C (1635°F) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of AISI E9310H Steel, normalized at 890°C (1635°F) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI E9310H Steel, normalized at 890°C (1635°F) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI E9310H Steel, normalized at 890°C (1635°F) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2246 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition