EN 1.0144 High Manganese, Quality Steel Flange

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: EN 1.0144 High Manganese, Structural, Hot Rolled, Quality Steel Flange Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: EN 1.0144 High Manganese, Structural, Hot Rolled, Quality Steel Flange Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

EN 1.0144 High Manganese, Structural, Hot Rolled, Quality Steel Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Technical Datasheet: EN 1.0144 (S275JR) High Manganese Structural Steel** **Designation: S275JR (Under EN 10025-2) | Condition: Hot Rolled, Base Material** ## **1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW** **EN 1.0144**, commercially designated **S275JR**, is a **medium-strength, high manganese structural steel** serving as the **fundamental workhorse grade** within the S275 strength category. With a minimum yield strength of **275 MPa** (approximately 17% higher than S235 grades), this steel provides an **economical strength upgrade** for general structural applications where certified low-temperature toughness is not a mandatory requirement but enhanced load-carrying capacity is desired. The "JR" designation indicates it is a **general-purpose structural steel** with optional impact testing at +20°C when specified. Its optimized **manganese-to-carbon ratio** (typically 5:1 to 7:1) delivers improved strength and ductility compared to lower-strength steels while maintaining excellent weldability and formability. As the **most commonly specified S275 grade**, S275JR offers designers a **cost-effective balance** between the widespread availability of S235 and the higher strength of S355, making it ideal for a broad range of structural applications in temperate climates. **Key Characteristics:** - **Enhanced Load Capacity:** 275 MPa minimum yield strength for improved structural efficiency - **Economic Strength Upgrade:** Cost-effective alternative to higher alloy steels for many applications - **Excellent Fabricability:** Superior weldability and cold forming characteristics - **Wide Availability:** Commonly stocked in various forms and sizes - **Code Compliance:** Fully compliant with international structural design standards --- ## **2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION** **Compliance:** EN 10025-2:2019 - Hot rolled products of structural steels *Standard composition limits for general structural applications* | Element | Maximum (%) | Typical Range (%) | Metallurgical Function | |---------|------------|------------------|------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | **0.21** | 0.14-0.18 | Primary strength contributor; balanced for weldability | | **Manganese (Mn)** | **1.50** | 1.20-1.40 | **Key strengthening element**; enhances hardenability and toughness | | **Phosphorus (P)** | **0.035** | ≤0.025 | Residual impurity; strictly limited | | **Sulfur (S)** | **0.035** | ≤0.020 | Controlled for improved hot workability | | **Silicon (Si)** | **0.55** | 0.25-0.45 | Deoxidizer; contributes to strength | | **Nitrogen (N)** | **0.012** | ≤0.009 | Controlled to prevent aging effects | | **Aluminum, total (Alt)** | — | **≥0.020** (min) | Grain refiner; ensures fine-grained structure | | **Copper (Cu)** *optional* | 0.55 | ≤0.30 | May be present as residual or added for weathering resistance | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 0.30 | ≤0.15 | Residual element; limited for weldability | | **Nickel (Ni)** | 0.30 | ≤0.15 | Residual element; limited for cost control | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Balance | Base metal | **Critical Chemical Parameters:** - **Carbon Equivalent (CEV):** 0.36-0.42% (CEV = C + Mn/6) - **Cracking Parameter (Pcm):** 0.20-0.25% - **Manganese-to-Carbon Ratio:** Typically 6:1 to 8:1, optimizing strength-ductility balance - **Deoxidation Practice:** Fully aluminum-killed, fine-grained steel (ASTM 5-7) - **Quality Level:** Standard structural steel quality with good consistency --- ## **3. PHYSICAL & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES** ### **A. Physical Properties (Typical at 20°C):** - **Density:** 7.85 g/cm³ - **Modulus of Elasticity (E):** 210 GPa - **Shear Modulus (G):** 81 GPa - **Poisson's Ratio (ν):** 0.30 - **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** 12.0 × 10⁻⁶/K (20-100°C) - **Thermal Conductivity:** 50 W/(m·K) - **Specific Heat Capacity:** 450 J/(kg·K) - **Electrical Resistivity:** 0.15 μΩ·m - **Magnetic Properties:** Ferromagnetic ### **B. Standard Mechanical Properties (EN 10025-2):** *Minimum values for nominal thickness t ≤ 16 mm* | Property | Symbol | Minimum Value | Test Standard | Condition | |----------|--------|---------------|---------------|-----------| | **Yield Strength** | ReH | **275 MPa** | EN ISO 6892-1 | Upper yield strength or Rp0.2 | | **Tensile Strength** | Rm | **370-530 MPa** | EN ISO 6892-1 | Must fall within specified range | | **Minimum Elongation** | A₅ | **22%** | EN ISO 6892-1 | For t ≤ 40 mm; Lo=5.65√So | | **Impact Energy** | KV | *Optional at +20°C* | EN ISO 148-1 | Only if specified in order | ### **C. Thickness-Dependent Property Adjustments:** | Thickness Range (mm) | Yield Strength Min (MPa) | Tensile Strength Range (MPa) | Impact Test Requirement | |----------------------|--------------------------|------------------------------|--------------------------| | **t ≤ 16** | 275 | 370-530 | Optional (+20°C) | | **16 < t ≤ 40** | 265 | 370-530 | Optional (+20°C) | | **40 < t ≤ 63** | 255 | 360-520 | Optional (+20°C) | | **63 < t ≤ 80** | 245 | 360-520 | Optional (+20°C) | | **80 < t ≤ 100** | 235 | 350-510 | Optional (+20°C) | ### **D. Typical Achieved Properties (t = 10-20 mm):** | Property | Typical Range | Average | Performance Notes | |----------|---------------|---------|-------------------| | **Yield Strength** | 290-340 MPa | 315 MPa | Typically 10-25% above minimum | | **Tensile Strength** | 400-470 MPa | 435 MPa | Consistent production range | | **Elongation (A₅)** | 24-32% | 28% | Good formability maintained | | **Hardness (HB)** | 130-150 | 140 | Suitable for standard fabrication | | **Bend Test** | d=2a to 3a | Pass | Good cold bending capability | | **Fatigue Strength** | 170-210 MPa | 190 MPa | At 2×10⁶ cycles (as-rolled) | ### **E. Fabrication Properties:** - **Formability:** Good cold forming characteristics with proper tooling - **Weldability:** Excellent with CEV typically 0.38-0.42% - **Machinability:** Fair to good (~50% of free-cutting steel 1212) - **Surface Quality:** Standard hot-rolled finish with mill scale --- ## **4. FABRICATION & PROCESSING** ### **A. Forming & Cutting:** - **Cold Bending:** Minimum inside radius = **1.0 × t** (parallel to rolling), **1.5 × t** (perpendicular) - **Hot Forming:** Suitable at 850-1100°C when required for complex shapes - **Cutting Methods:** - **Plasma/Laser:** Excellent for precision cutting - **Oxy-fuel:** Standard method with good results - **Waterjet:** Ideal for complex geometries - **Mechanical:** Shearing and sawing suitable for most applications - **Springback Compensation:** 2-3° typical for 90° cold bends ### **B. Welding Procedures:** **General Guidelines (for t < 25 mm):** - **Preheating:** Generally not required for t < 25 mm at ambient >5°C - **Interpass Temperature:** Maximum 250°C - **Heat Input:** 0.8-2.5 kJ/mm optimal range - **Post-Weld Treatment:** Usually not required for general applications **Recommended Welding Consumables:** | Process | Consumable (EN ISO) | AWS Equivalent | Application Notes | |---------|---------------------|----------------|-------------------| | **SMAW** | E 42 0 R C 12 | E7018 | Most common for structural work | | **GMAW** | G 42 4 M G3Si1 | ER70S-6 | General fabrication welding | | **FCAW** | T 42 2 P C 1 H5 | E71T-1 | Suitable for outdoor applications | | **SAW** | S 42 2 + appropriate flux | F7A2-EM12K | For long seams in thicker material | **Welding Characteristics:** - **Weldability Classification:** Good (Group 1.1 per IIW classification) - **Crack Sensitivity:** Low with proper procedures - **HAZ Properties:** Generally acceptable for most applications - **Filler Matching:** Strength matching consumables recommended ### **C. Machining Parameters:** - **Turning:** 100-160 m/min, feed 0.2-0.4 mm/rev - **Milling:** 80-130 m/min, feed 0.15-0.3 mm/tooth - **Drilling:** 25-45 m/min with standard drill geometry - **Surface Finish:** Ra 3.2-6.3 μm readily achievable - **Tool Life:** Approximately 50-60% of free-cutting steel --- ## **5. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS** ### **A. Building & Construction:** - **Commercial Buildings:** Office buildings, retail centers, light industrial structures - **Residential Construction:** Multi-story apartments, mixed-use developments - **Industrial Facilities:** Warehouse structures, light manufacturing buildings - **Agricultural Buildings:** Storage facilities, equipment shelters, processing plants ### **B. Infrastructure & Transportation:** - **Road Infrastructure:** Sign supports, lighting columns, noise barriers - **Railway Structures:** Station buildings, equipment shelters, platform roofs - **Utilities:** Electrical substation structures, transmission line supports - **Bridges:** Light to medium-span bridge components (non-fracture critical) ### **C. Industrial Equipment & Machinery:** - **Material Handling:** Conveyor frames, storage rack systems, loading docks - **Processing Equipment:** Support structures, platforms, walkways - **Manufacturing:** Machine guards, work platforms, safety structures - **Agricultural:** Equipment frames, implement supports, storage systems ### **D. General Fabrication:** - **Structural Framing:** Beams, columns, bracing members - **Connection Elements:** Gusset plates, brackets, cleats - **Fabricated Assemblies:** Staircases, handrails, access platforms - **Miscellaneous Structures:** Canopies, shelters, temporary structures **Application Advantages:** - **Strength Efficiency:** 17% higher yield strength than S235 allows lighter sections - **Economic Optimization:** Better value than S355 when full strength not required - **Fabrication Simplicity:** Well-understood material behavior for most fabricators - **Availability:** Readily available from steel service centers - **Versatility:** Suitable for wide range of structural applications --- ## **6. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS & EQUIVALENTS** ### **Primary Designations:** - **EN Standard:** EN 10025-2:2019 - **Material Number:** 1.0144 - **Steel Name:** S275JR - **Former Designation:** Fe 430 A (EN 10025:1990) ### **Global Structural Steel Equivalents:** | Country/Standard | Equivalent Grade | Key Comparison Notes | |-----------------|------------------|----------------------| | **ISO** | ISO 630-2: E275A | Similar strength requirements | | **USA (ASTM)** | ASTM A36 | Higher carbon allowed; no mandatory impact | | **USA (ASTM)** | ASTM A529 Gr. 55 | Similar strength concept | | **Germany (DIN)** | DIN EN 10025-2: S275JR | Direct adoption | | **UK (BS)** | BS 4360: 43A | Historical equivalent | | **Japan (JIS)** | JIS G3101: SS400 | Similar strength (245 MPa min yield) | | **China (GB)** | GB/T 700: Q275A | Similar strength grade | | **Australia** | AS/NZS 3678: 300 | 300 MPa yield strength grade | ### **Comparison within EN 10025 S275 Family:** | Grade | Impact Test | Min Impact Energy | Typical Applications | Relative Cost | |-------|-------------|-------------------|----------------------|---------------| | **S275JR** | **Optional at +20°C** | **N/A** | **General structural work** | **Base** | | **S275J0** | Mandatory at 0°C | 27J | Moderate climate structures | +5-10% | | **S275J2** | Mandatory at -20°C | 27J | Cold climate applications | +15-20% | | **S275JRG2** | Mandatory at +20°C | 27J | Quality-conscious projects | +3-5% | ### **Strength Category Comparison:** | Grade | Yield Strength (MPa) | Strength Advantage | Typical Use Cases | |-------|---------------------|-------------------|-------------------| | **S235JR** | 235 | Base | Light structures, general fabrication | | **S275JR** | **275** | **+17%** | **Medium-duty structures, optimal value** | | **S355JR** | 355 | +51% | Heavy structures, weight-sensitive designs | --- ## **7. QUALITY ASSURANCE & TESTING** ### **Standard Testing (EN 10025-2):** 1. **Tensile Test:** One test per batch ≤ 40 tonnes 2. **Bend Test:** If specified in purchase order 3. **Visual Inspection:** Surface quality per standard requirements 4. **Dimensional Checks:** Compliance with product standard tolerances ### **Optional Testing (When Specified):** - **Impact Test:** At +20°C per customer request - **Ultrasonic Testing:** For critical applications - **Hardness Testing:** Multiple location verification - **Chemical Analysis:** Product analysis verification ### **Certification Requirements:** - **EN 10204 2.2 Certificate:** Declaration of compliance with order - **3.1 Certificate:** Available with test results - **Traceability:** Basic heat number identification - **Test Reports:** When testing is specified and performed ### **Quality Standards:** - **Dimensional Tolerances:** EN 10029 (plates), EN 10034 (sections) - **Surface Quality:** Standard hot-rolled finish - **Straightness:** Standard commercial tolerances - **Marking:** Basic identification per standard requirements --- ## **8. DESIGN & SPECIFICATION CONSIDERATIONS** ### **Design Advantages:** 1. **Cost-Effective Strength:** Optimal balance between material cost and structural capacity 2. **Design Flexibility:** Allows lighter sections than S235 for same load capacity 3. **Fabrication Efficiency:** Well-established welding and forming procedures 4. **Material Availability:** Widely stocked in various shapes and sizes 5. **Code Recognition:** Accepted in all major structural design codes ### **Design Limitations:** - **No Guaranteed Toughness:** Impact properties not certified unless specified - **Temperature Limitations:** Not for low-temperature applications without testing - **Strength Ceiling:** Lower than S355 for weight-critical designs - **Standard Quality:** No enhanced through-thickness properties ### **Specification Guidelines:** **Standard Specification:** ```plaintext EN 10025-2 S275JR Product Form: [e.g., Universal beams, plates, etc.] Dimensions: [as required] Quantity: [as required] ``` **With Additional Requirements:** ```plaintext EN 10025-2 S275JR With impact testing at +20°C Certification: EN 10204 3.1 [Other specific requirements] ``` ### **Design Recommendations:** 1. **Select S275JR when:** - General structural applications in temperate climates - Enhanced strength over S235 is beneficial - Certified low-temperature toughness is not required - Cost optimization is important 2. **Consider alternatives when:** - Design temperatures may fall below 0°C (consider S275J0/J2) - Weight reduction is critical (consider S355) - Enhanced toughness is specified (consider S275JRG2) - Through-thickness loading is significant (consider Z-quality steels) --- ## **9. ENVIRONMENTAL & SUSTAINABILITY** ### **Corrosion Protection:** - **Painting:** Standard protective coating systems - **Galvanizing:** Hot-dip galvanizing suitable with proper surface preparation - **Weathering Variants:** S275J0W/J2W available for atmospheric corrosion resistance - **Maintenance:** Standard steel maintenance practices apply ### **Environmental Performance:** - **Recyclability:** >95% at end of life - **Embodied Carbon:** Approximately 1.8-2.2 tCO₂/t - **Production Impact:** Standard carbon steel environmental profile - **Sustainable Sourcing:** Available with responsible sourcing certification ### **Life Cycle Considerations:** - **Design Life:** 25-50 years with proper maintenance - **Maintenance Cycle:** Standard steel maintenance intervals - **End-of-Life Value:** High scrap value - **Environmental Management:** Standard industry practices --- ## **10. TECHNICAL SUMMARY** **EN 1.0144 (S275JR)** represents the **core medium-strength structural steel** in the European classification system, providing an **optimal balance of strength, cost, and availability** for general construction applications. As the **default S275 grade**, it offers meaningful strength advantages over S235 steels while maintaining the fabrication characteristics and economic benefits of non-alloy carbon-manganese steels. **Market Position:** S275JR accounts for approximately 40-50% of S275 category usage, reflecting its status as the workhorse grade for: - General building construction - Light to medium industrial structures - Infrastructure projects not requiring certified toughness - Fabrication shops and general steel construction **Industry Application Trends:** - **Commercial Construction:** Increasing use in cost-conscious projects - **Light Industrial:** Preferred over S235 for improved efficiency - **Infrastructure:** Growing adoption in temperate climate regions - **Renewable Energy:** Support structures where weight optimization is moderate **Selection Rationale:** - **Strength vs. Cost:** Optimal when S235 is marginal but S355 is excessive - **Fabrication Simplicity:** Well-understood material behavior - **Supply Chain Efficiency:** Widely available with short lead times - **Design Flexibility:** Allows optimization without premium material costs **Economic Considerations:** - **Material Cost:** Typically 5-8% premium over S235JR - **Fabrication Cost:** Similar to other carbon structural steels - **Total Project Cost:** Can reduce overall costs through optimized designs - **Value Proposition:** Excellent strength-to-cost ratio for many applications **Final Recommendation:** **S275JR should be specified as the default structural steel** for general construction projects in temperate climates where enhanced strength over S235 provides design benefits but certified low-temperature toughness is not required. Its combination of **improved load capacity, excellent fabricability, and economic efficiency** makes it an intelligent choice for a wide range of structural applications. --- **Important Notice:** This technical datasheet provides general information based on standard specifications. For specific projects: 1. Consult the latest edition of EN 10025-2 2. Consider project-specific requirements including loading, environment, and service conditions 3. Verify local availability and supply chain capabilities 4. Engage qualified structural engineers for design and specification S275JR is suitable for general structural applications but may require additional testing or alternative grades for specialized applications involving low temperatures, dynamic loading, or other demanding conditions. Always confirm that material properties meet specific project requirements. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: EN 1.0144 High Manganese, Structural, Hot Rolled, Quality Steel Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5795 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: EN 1.0144 High Manganese, Structural, Hot Rolled, Quality Steel Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of EN 1.0144 High Manganese, Structural, Hot Rolled, Quality Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers EN 1.0144 High Manganese, Structural, Hot Rolled, Quality Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of EN 1.0144 High Manganese, Structural, Hot Rolled, Quality Steel Flange -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2266 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition