Crucible Steel Flange,REX® M3-1 High Speed Steel Flange, AISI M3-1

1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types: 1:Forging, 2:Casting, 3:Cutting, 4:Rolling. 2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards. Standards: GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards). Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others. The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160. The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500. Flange Classification 1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)). 2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation). 3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows: Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange. 4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows: Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc. 5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges. 6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges. A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts." -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel Flange REX® M3-1 High Speed Steel Flange, AISI M3-1 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel Flange REX® M3-1 High Speed Steel Flange, AISI M3-1 Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Crucible Steel REX® M3-1 High Speed Steel, AISI M3-1 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: Crucible Steel REX® M3-1 (AISI M3 Class 1) High Speed Steel** Crucible Steel REX® M3-1 is a premium high-speed steel (HSS) conforming to the AISI M3 Class 1 specification. It represents a significant evolution from the standard M2 grade, engineered to deliver **substantially enhanced wear resistance and hot hardness** for the most demanding machining applications. Positioned between M2 and the more specialized M4, M3-1 achieves its superior performance through a strategic increase in carbon and vanadium content, creating a higher volume of hard, wear-resistant carbides within the matrix. As a conventionally manufactured (ingot-cast and wrought) alloy, REX® M3-1 provides a reliable and cost-effective performance upgrade over M2 for applications where tool wear is the primary failure mode. It is specifically designed for machining **abrasive materials, high-strength alloys, and for operations requiring extended tool life under severe cutting conditions**. The "Class 1" designation distinguishes it from M3 Class 2, with Class 1 having a lower vanadium content, which results in better grindability and slightly higher toughness compared to its Class 2 counterpart, while still offering a major wear resistance improvement over M2. --- ## **1. Chemical Composition (Weight %)** The chemistry of M3-1 is a balanced, high-performance modification of the M2 baseline. | **Element** | **Carbon (C)** | **Tungsten (W)** | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | **Chromium (Cr)** | **Vanadium (V)** | **Cobalt (Co)** | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Content** | **1.00 - 1.10** | 5.75 - 6.50 | 4.75 - 5.50 | 3.75 - 4.50 | **2.30 - 2.80** | - | | **Role** | Increased level (vs. M2) enables the formation of more vanadium and molybdenum carbides, directly boosting wear resistance and attainable hardness. | Contributes to hot hardness, abrasion resistance, and secondary hardening. | Primary agent for hardenability and hot hardness; works synergistically with tungsten. | Ensures deep hardenability and provides moderate oxidation resistance. | **Key differentiator.** The elevated vanadium content (2.3-2.8%) forms a significantly higher volume of extremely hard vanadium carbides (VC) than M2, providing **superior abrasion resistance**. | Not present in standard M3-1. (Cobalt-bearing variants exist as separate grades, e.g., M35, M36). | *Note: Iron (Fe) constitutes the remainder. The composition can be viewed as a bridge between M2 and M4, with vanadium content higher than M2 but lower than M4 Class 2 (~4-4.5% V).* --- ## **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties** *Typical properties after proper heat treatment to 64-66 HRC.* * **Density:** ~8.10 g/cm³ (0.292 lb/in³) * **Modulus of Elasticity:** ~215 GPa (31.2 x 10⁶ psi) * **Thermal Conductivity:** Moderate for a HSS. * **Hot Hardness (Red Hardness):** **Very Good to Excellent.** Maintains hardness effectively at elevated temperatures (above 550°C / 1020°F), suitable for high-speed and high-feed machining. * **Hardness (Typical Working Range):** **63 - 67 HRC.** Most commonly used at **64-66 HRC**, leveraging its high carbide content for maximum wear life. * **Abrasion Resistance:** **Excellent.** Significantly better than M2, often by 30-50% or more, due to the higher vanadium carbide volume. This is the primary reason for selecting M3-1 over M2. * **Toughness:** **Good for its wear resistance level.** Offers lower toughness than M2 but higher than M3 Class 2 or M4. It provides a practical balance, being more resistant to chipping than higher-vanadium steels while still offering much better wear resistance. * **Grindability:** **Fair to Difficult.** More challenging than M2 due to the increased volume of hard vanadium carbides, but easier than M3 Class 2 or M4. Requires appropriate grinding wheels and techniques. --- ## **3. Heat Treatment** Heat treatment is critical and requires precise control to optimize the carbide solutioning and achieve the desired balance of properties. * **Annealing:** Heat to 870-900°C (1600-1650°F), slow cool. Annealed hardness: 240-280 HB. * **Stress Relieving:** 650-675°C (1200-1250°F), hold, then slow cool. * **Preheating:** **Critical.** Use a double preheat: First at 540-650°C (1000-1200°F), then at 815-870°C (1500-1600°F). * **Austenitizing:** **1190-1220°C (2175-2230°F).** A common range is **1200-1210°C (2190-2210°F)**. Higher temperatures increase wear resistance but reduce toughness. * **Quenching:** Air quench, salt bath quench, or controlled gas quench. * **Tempering:** **Mandatory Multiple Tempers.** Temper immediately after quenching. **Minimum of two tempers** (three are often recommended), each for 2 hours. **Typical tempering range: 540-570°C (1000-1060°F).** Exhibits a strong secondary hardening response. * **Sub-Zero Treatment:** Commonly recommended between quenching and tempering to transform retained austenite, ensuring maximum hardness and dimensional stability. --- ## **4. Key Applications** REX® M3-1 is the material of choice for demanding applications where M2 tools wear out too quickly. * **Machining Abrasive Materials:** Gear hobs, broaches, and milling cutters for stainless steels, high-temperature alloys, and hardened cast irons. * **High-Performance Cutting Tools:** Form tools, end mills, and drills for production environments requiring extended tool life and reduced changeover frequency. * **Cold Work Tooling for Abrasive Materials:** Punches, dies, and forming tools used on stainless steel or other work-hardening alloys. * **Woodworking Tools for Processed Materials:** Knives and cutter heads for engineered wood products (MDF, particleboard) and abrasive hardwoods. * **Precision Wear Parts:** Components requiring a combination of high hardness and good wear resistance under load. --- ## **5. International Standards & Cross-References** Crucible REX® M3-1 conforms to the AISI M3 Class 1 (sometimes written as M3-1) specification. * **AISI/SAE:** **M3 Class 1** * **UNS:** T11313 * **European (EN):** **HS 6-5-3** (This EN grade broadly covers the M3 type composition). * **Japanese (JIS):** **SKH53** (SKH53 typically represents this level of vanadium content). * **ISO:** HS6-5-3 * **Common Trade Names:** M3-1 HSS, M3 Type 1. --- ## **6. Advantages & Limitations** **Advantages:** * **Significant Wear Resistance Upgrade:** Provides a major, cost-effective step up in tool life compared to M2 for abrasive applications. * **Good Balance of Wear and Toughness:** Offers a more practical balance for general severe service than the more wear-focused but brittle M3 Class 2 or M4. * **Maintains Good Hot Hardness:** Suitable for productive machining speeds. * **Proven, Standardized Grade:** A well-understood specification with predictable performance. **Limitations:** * **Lower Toughness than M2:** More susceptible to chipping under severe interrupted cuts or poor setup conditions. * **More Difficult to Grind:** Increases sharpening time and cost compared to M2. * **Anisotropic Properties:** As a wrought steel, transverse toughness is lower than longitudinal toughness. * **Not the Ultimate in Wear Resistance:** For the most extreme abrasive conditions, M3 Class 2, M4, or PM grades are more suitable. --- ## **7. Summary** **Crucible Steel REX® M3-1 is the definitive engineering solution for when M2 high-speed steel is no longer sufficient.** It delivers a substantial and reliable increase in wear resistance and tool life for machining abrasive and tough materials, filling the critical performance gap between the ubiquitous M2 and the more specialized high-vanadium grades. For manufacturing engineers seeking to boost productivity, reduce tooling costs per part, and tackle more challenging materials without moving to exotic alloys, M3-1 provides an optimal balance of enhanced performance, manufacturability, and cost. It is the logical and powerful next step for operations that have pushed M2 to its limits. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel REX® M3-1 High Speed Steel, AISI M3-1 Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6985 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel REX® M3-1 High Speed Steel, AISI M3-1 Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Applications of Crucible Steel Flange REX® M3-1 High Speed Steel Flange, AISI M3-1 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers Crucible Steel Flange REX® M3-1 High Speed Steel Flange, AISI M3-1 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of Crucible Steel Flange REX® M3-1 High Speed Steel Flange, AISI M3-1 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3456 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition