1,We Manufacturing processes are primarily classified into four types:
1:Forging,
2:Casting,
3:Cutting,
4:Rolling.
2,We can manufacture in accordance with these standards.
Standards:
GB Series (Chinese Standards), JB Series (Machinery Standards), HG Series (Chemical Industry Standards), ASME B16.5 (American Standards), BS4504 (British Standards), DIN (German Standards), and JIS (Japanese Standards).
Internationally, there are two primary systems of pipe flange standards: the European system, represented by the German DIN standards (including those of the former Soviet Union), and the American system, represented by the US ANSI pipe flange standards. Other common standards include: the Chinese Ministry of Machinery Industry standards (JB series), the Ministry of Chemical Industry standards (HG series), the Chinese National Standard *GB/T 9112–9124-2010 Steel Pipe Flanges*, as well as US standards (ASME B16.5), British standards (BS4504), German standards (DIN), Japanese standards (JIS), and marine standards (CBM), among others.
The nominal pressure ratings for the PN series are designated by "PN" and comprise the following nine levels: PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, and PN160.
The nominal pressure ratings for the Class series are designated by "Class" and comprise the following six levels: Class150, Class300, Class600, Class900, Class1500, and Class2500.
Flange Classification
1. **According to Chemical Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange (PL), Necked Flat Welding Flange (SO), Necked Butt Welding Flange (WN), Integral Flange (IF), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Threaded Flange (Th), Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/SE), Blind Flange (BL), Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange (PJ/PJ), and Lined Blind Flange (BL(s)).
2. **According to Petrochemical (SH) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Threaded Flange (PL), Butt Welding Flange (WN), Flat Welding Flange (SO), Socket Welding Flange (SW), Loose Flange (LJ), and Blind Flange (no specific designation).
3. **According to Machinery (JB) Industry Standards:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Integral Flange, Butt Welding Flange, Plate Flat Welding Flange, Butt Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Plate Loose Flange, Lap Joint Ring Plate Loose Flange, and Blind Flange.
4. **According to Connection Method/Type:** Flanges are classified as follows:
Plate Flat Welding Flange, Necked Flat Welding Flange, Necked Butt Welding Flange, Socket Welding Flange, Threaded Flange, Blind Flange, Necked Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, Flat Welding Ring Loose Flange, Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Flange and Blind Flange, Large-Diameter Plate Flange, Large-Diameter High-Neck Flange, Figure-8 Blind Plate, Butt Welding Ring Loose Flange, etc.
5. **According to the Component Being Connected:** Flanges can be classified into Vessel Flanges and Pipe Flanges.
6. **According to Structural Type:** Flanges include Integral Flanges, Threaded Flanges, Flat Welding Flanges, Butt Welding Flanges, Lap Joint (Loose/Swivel) Flanges, and Blind Flanges.
A flange—also referred to as a flange plate or rim—is a component used to connect shafts to one another, or, more commonly, to join the ends of pipes. Flanges are also utilized at the inlet and outlet ports of equipment to facilitate connections between two devices—for instance, the flange on a speed reducer. A "flange connection" or "flanged joint" refers to a detachable joint assembly comprising three interconnected elements—a flange, a gasket, and bolts—that together form a sealed structural unit. In the context of piping systems, a "pipe flange" specifically denotes a flange used for plumbing within the installation; when applied to equipment, it refers to the inlet or outlet flange of that specific device. Flanges feature a series of holes through which bolts are inserted to securely fasten the two flanges together, while a gasket placed between the flanges ensures a leak-proof seal. Flanges are broadly categorized into three types: threaded (screw-in) flanges, welded flanges, and clamp-type flanges. Flanges are invariably used in pairs; threaded flanges are suitable for low-pressure piping applications, whereas welded flanges are required for systems operating at pressures exceeding 4 kilograms per square centimeter. A sealing gasket is inserted between the two flange plates, which are then firmly secured using bolts. The thickness of a flange—as well as the specifications of the bolts used to fasten it—vary depending on the specific pressure rating required for the application. When connecting equipment such as water pumps or valves to piping systems, the corresponding connection points on these devices are often manufactured in the shape of a matching flange; this method of attachment is also referred to as a "flange connection." Generally, any connecting component that utilizes bolts to join and seal the perimeters of two flat surfaces—such as the joints in ventilation ducts—is termed a "flange"; such components may collectively be classified as "flange-type parts." However, since such a connection often constitutes merely a *portion* of a larger device—for instance, the interface between a flange and a water pump—it would be inappropriate to classify the entire water pump itself as a "flange-type part." Conversely, smaller components—such as valves—that feature such flanged interfaces may indeed be appropriately categorized as "flange-type parts."
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International Mold Steel Flange DHA-World Die Cast & Forging Steel Flange Product Information
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International Mold Steel Flange DHA-World Die Cast & Forging Steel Flange Synonyms
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International Mold Steel DHA-World Die Cast & Forging Steel Product Information
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# **Product Introduction: DHA-World Advanced Hot Work Die Steel for Die Casting and Forging**
## **1. Overview**
**DHA-World** is a premium, **maraging-type hot work die steel** specifically engineered for extreme applications in aluminum, magnesium, and copper alloy die casting, as well as precision hot forging. Unlike conventional H13-type steels that rely on secondary hardening through carbide precipitation, DHA-World utilizes a **maraging (martensite aging) hardening mechanism** based on intermetallic compound precipitation, delivering a unique combination of **exceptional toughness, high thermal conductivity, and superior dimensional stability** during heat treatment. This advanced steel is designed for large, complex dies requiring maximum resistance to heat checking, thermal shock, and catastrophic failure in high-pressure die casting and severe hot forging applications.
## **2. International Standards & Specifications**
DHA-World is a proprietary steel grade developed through specialized metallurgy, representing a distinct category within hot work die steels.
* **Primary Manufacturer Standard:**
* **International Mold Steel (IMS) DHA-World:** Proprietary specification for this maraging-type hot work die steel.
* **Material Classification & Comparative Grades:**
* **Type:** **Maraging-Type Hot Work Tool Steel** (Low-Carbon, High-Nickel-Cobalt-Molybdenum Alloy).
* **Performance Benchmark:** A specialized alternative to conventional hot work steels like H13, offering superior toughness and thermal conductivity. It is conceptually similar to other maraging-type die steels such as **DIN 1.2709** (18% Ni maraging steel) but optimized specifically for hot work applications with adjusted alloy content.
* **International Equivalents (Conceptual Similarity):**
* **QRO 90 Supreme (Uddeholm):** A high-performance hot work steel also known for high toughness and conductivity, though based on different metallurgy.
* **Dievar (Uddeholm):** Another premium hot work steel emphasizing thermal fatigue resistance.
* **Proprietary Maraging Grades:** Such as **Viking's MMR-40** or other manufacturer-specific maraging formulations for tooling.
* **Distinct Feature:** It does not have a direct AISI or standard DIN equivalent, occupying a niche performance category.
## **3. Chemical Composition (Weight %, Typical)**
The composition is characterized by very low carbon, high nickel and cobalt, and strategic additions of molybdenum and titanium for maraging precipitation.
| Element | Typical Range (%) | Role & Benefit |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Carbon (C)** | ≤ 0.03 (Very Low) | **Key differentiator.** Minimizes carbide formation, maximizing **toughness and thermal conductivity**. Eliminates coarse carbides that can act as crack initiators. |
| **Nickel (Ni)** | 15.0 – 19.0 | **Primary alloy.** Stabilizes a soft, tough, low-carbon martensite matrix upon air cooling from solution treatment. Essential for the maraging mechanism. |
| **Cobalt (Co)** | 8.0 – 12.0 | **Critical co-alloy.** Increases the martensite start (Ms) temperature, refines the martensitic structure, and promotes the formation of fine, intermetallic precipitates (e.g., Ni₃Mo, Ni₃Ti) during aging. |
| **Molybdenum (Mo)** | 4.0 – 5.0 | Forms fine, coherent intermetallic precipitates (with Ni) during aging, providing **precipitation hardening** without compromising toughness significantly. |
| **Titanium (Ti)** | 0.5 – 1.5 | Forms Ni₃Ti precipitates during aging, contributing to secondary hardening and strength. |
| **Aluminum (Al)** | 0.05 – 0.15 | Acts as a deoxidizer and may contribute to precipitation hardening. |
| **Other Elements:** Trace amounts of **Zirconium (Zr)** or **Boron (B)** may be present for grain boundary strengthening. |
## **4. Typical Physical & Mechanical Properties (Solution Treated & Aged)**
* **Standard Heat Treatment Cycle:**
* **Solution Treatment:** 820-850°C (1510-1560°F), followed by **air cooling**. Results in a soft, machinable, low-carbon martensite structure (~28-32 HRC).
* **Aging (Precipitation Hardening):** 480-510°C (900-950°F) for several hours. This relatively low-temperature process hardens the steel with **minimal dimensional change and distortion**.
* **Mechanical Properties (After Solution Treatment & Aging):**
* **Hardness:** 46 – 52 HRC (achievable via aging; typical operating range ~48-50 HRC).
* **Tensile Strength:** 1550 – 1850 MPa (225,000 – 268,000 psi)
* **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset):** 1450 – 1750 MPa (210,000 – 254,000 psi)
* **Elongation:** 8 – 12%
* **Impact Toughness (Charpy V-Notch):** **40 – 70 J (29 – 52 ft-lb)** – **Exceptionally high for its hardness level**, a primary advantage. Can be 2-3 times higher than conventional H13 at similar hardness.
* **Fracture Toughness (K1C):** Very high, providing outstanding resistance to crack propagation.
* **Key Performance Metrics:**
* **Thermal Conductivity:** **~ 30-35 W/m·K** – **Significantly higher (25-40%) than H13-type steels.** This allows heat to dissipate faster from the die surface, reducing thermal gradients and stresses, which is critical for thermal fatigue resistance.
* **Thermal Fatigue Resistance:** **Excellent.** The combination of high toughness, high thermal conductivity, and a uniform microstructure without stress-concentrating carbides provides superior resistance to heat check initiation and growth.
* **Thermal Shock Resistance:** Outstanding, due to high toughness and conductivity.
* **Dimensional Stability During Heat Treatment:** **Minimal distortion.** The aging process at low temperature causes negligible size change compared to the quenching and high-temperature tempering of conventional steels.
* **Physical Properties:**
* **Density:** ~8.0 g/cm³
* **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** ~11.0 x 10⁻⁶/K (20-100°C)
* **Modulus of Elasticity:** ~180-190 GPa (slightly lower than conventional tool steels)
## **5. Product Application**
DHA-World is ideal for highly demanding applications where thermal fatigue and catastrophic cracking are primary failure modes.
* **Large, Complex Aluminum & Magnesium Die Casting Dies:**
* **Cavities and Cores** for automotive structural components (e.g., large thin-wall parts, shock towers, battery housings for EVs).
* **Dies with intricate, deep ribs and thin walls** prone to heat checking.
* **Unit Dies** for high-volume production where reliability is paramount.
* **Copper Alloy (Brass, Bronze) Die Casting:**
* **Dies and Inserts** where operating temperatures are extremely high.
* **Precision Hot Forging (Steel, Titanium, Superalloys):**
* **Forging Dies and Inserts** subject to severe thermal shock.
* **Precision forging dies** requiring tight dimensional tolerances.
* **Other Severe Hot Work Applications:**
* **Glass Mold Tooling.**
## **6. Key Features & Advantages**
* **Unmatched Toughness at Operating Hardness:** Provides the highest impact and fracture toughness among commercial hot work die steels, dramatically reducing the risk of sudden, catastrophic die failure.
* **Superior Thermal Conductivity:** Rapid heat extraction from the die surface minimizes thermal gradients, lowers peak surface temperature, and reduces thermal stress, directly extending thermal fatigue life.
* **Excellent Thermal Fatigue & Shock Resistance:** The synergy of high toughness and high conductivity makes it the benchmark material for resisting heat checking in severe cyclic heating applications.
* **Minimal Distortion Heat Treatment:** The simple solution treat + age cycle offers great dimensional predictability and allows for near-net-shape machining before final hardening.
* **Good Machinability & Weldability:** In the solution-treated state, it machines relatively easily. It can also be welded and re-aged with proper procedures.
* **Uniform Microstructure:** Absence of large, hard carbides results in isotropic properties and smooth polishing characteristics.
## **7. Processing Guidelines**
* **Machining:** Perform bulk machining in the soft, solution-treated condition (~30 HRC). Final machining can be done after aging due to minimal distortion.
* **Heat Treatment:** The solution treatment and aging cycle is straightforward but requires precise temperature control. Aging temperature directly controls final hardness.
* **Welding:** Repairs are feasible using matching or nickel-based superalloy filler metals, followed by a full re-aging cycle.
* **Surface Treatment:** Responds well to **nitriding** and **PVD coatings** to further enhance surface hardness and resistance to soldering/erosion.
**Summary:**
International Mold Steel DHA-World represents a paradigm shift in hot work die steel technology, prioritizing ultimate toughness and thermal management over traditional carbide-based wear resistance. Its maraging-type metallurgy delivers a unique set of properties that make it the ideal choice for preventing the most costly failure modes in die casting and forging—catastrophic cracking and thermal fatigue. For applications where die reliability, extended service life, and the ability to produce complex, high-integrity castings/forgings are critical, DHA-World provides a superior and often cost-effective solution despite its higher initial material cost, by maximizing uptime and minimizing unscheduled die maintenance.
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International Mold Steel DHA-World Die Cast & Forging Steel Specification
Dimensions
Size：
Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <7039 mm
Size:We can customized as required
Standard：
Per your request or drawing
We can customized as required
Properties（Theoretical）
Chemical Composition
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International Mold Steel DHA-World Die Cast & Forging Steel Properties
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Applications of International Mold Steel Flange DHA-World Die Cast & Forging Steel Flange
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Chemical Identifiers International Mold Steel Flange DHA-World Die Cast & Forging Steel Flange
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Packing of International Mold Steel Flange DHA-World Die Cast & Forging Steel Flange
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Standard Packing:
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Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Flange drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3510 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition
